Transcript Wind Power for the North Shore

Wind Power for the North
Shore
Sponsored by HealthLink
Thru funding provided by the
Massachusetts Technology
Collaborative (MTC)
1
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How many people here use Electricity?
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Are any of you living off the “grid”?
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Then we are all part of the problem and
can be part of the solutions!
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Every time you plug in & turn on,
you are accessing energy- but at
what costs?
2
A Matter of Balance
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Energy Use
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Community
Health
Environmental
Human Rights
Global Repercussions
3
Energy Use
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Where does your
power come from?
How does that power
use impact your
environment?
How much of your
power comes from each
of the following?
Oil
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
4
Where do your get your energy?
Other
Renewable,
0
Imported,
Hydro:
4
Large, 5
Municipal,
2
Coal, 9
Oil, 16
Gas, 32
Nuclear,
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(10/1/03 - 9/30/04)
Mass Electric Disclosure Label
6
US Energy Facts
6
ro, 5
Hyd
Oil,
Natural Gas,
17
c
Nu
 US consumes 26% of
World BTU
consumption
2
r,
a
e
l
Coal, 51
0
 US causes 24% of CO2
emissions
 Renewable Sources
provide 4.5% of
Energy World wide
US Power Sources
Source:
7
2004 U.S. Electricity Generation
UCSUSA: Source: EIA, 2004.
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What are the projected future
power needs?
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Is it going up or down?
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How will that demand be met?
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What are the options to meet
that need?
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Energy Efficiency
New Power
Generation
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Power Stations
Distributed Generators
Individual Home
Power Generation
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Limited Scope:
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Nuclear
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Energy Efficiency
Power Generation from
Fossil Fuels
Are we ready to
support?
Home Generation
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Costly
10
How Much EE is Needed to Offset
Forecasted Load Growth in New England?
Existing and New EE Strategies Can Offset ISO
Forecasted Energy Requirements (GWH) and Beyond
150,000
ISO GWh Forecast (w/out DSM)
1.2% Avg. Annual Increase at
145,000
16,500 GWH
_Savings
140,000
135,000
Addt'l EE Can Offset Growth
GWh
130,000
Actual Energy Requirement (2003)
125,000
120,000
115,000
Total Achievable Energy Savings Potential
-1.38% Avg. Annual Reduction
110,000
Total EE
Potential in
2013 Can
Reduce
Energy Req.
to 1993 Level
105,000
100,000
2004
Source: NEEP
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
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What impacts does each other
option have?
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Fossil Fuels – Mining,
Delivery, Air
Emissions, Waste
Nuclear – Waste,
Safety
Hydro – limited
availability
Global Warming
And Toxic Waste
VS.
Renewables
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Burning Fossil Fuels
Air Pollution
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Global Warming
Asthma Attacks
Other Respiratory
Illnesses
Premature Death from
Lung and Heart Diseases
Heat-Related Deaths
Infectious Diseases
Injuries from Extreme
Weather Events
Allergies
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In case you have any doubts about
Climate Change…
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Three warmest years on record have all
occurred since 1998;
19 of the warmest 20 since 1980.
Fine particle pollution from power plants shortens the lives of
340 of Massachusetts’ residents each year. – per EPA
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Temperature trend for Earth over the past 140 years
SPM 1a
Courtesy of NE Aquarium Global Warming Presentation
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Temperature trend over the past 1000 years
SPM 1b
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Temperature trend over the past 420,000 years
Source: Petit et al., 1999, Nature 399, p. 429-346.
Courtesy of NE Aquarium Global Warming Presentation
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Not much has changed…
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What Difference Do the State
and the Region Make?
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MA state-wide emissions are comparable to the total
emissions of whole countries (i.e. Portugal, Egypt,
Austria, or Greece).
If the New England/ Eastern CA Region was classified as
a country, it would be the 12th largest emitter of GHG in
the world.
With Northeast = 3rd Largest World Economy with 14%
of the US GHG Emissions and 3.2% of World GHG
Emissions ( Germany)
Courtesy of Sonia Hamel
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What are the alternatives?
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What is Renewable Energy:
Sources for Electricity
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Sunlight: PV
Wind
Biomass
Landfill gas
Hydro
Ocean:
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Waves
Ocean currents
Tides
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
Renewable,
but not for Electricity in MA:
• Solar Thermal
• Geothermal
Not renewable sources:
• Hydrogen
-Storage
-Use Nat.Gas off-site
• Fuel Cells
-Premium power
-Way of using H2
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Where does Renewable Energy
fit?
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What
What
What
What
is the Country doing?
is the Region doing?
is the State doing?
can be done on a local level?
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Massachusetts Approach:
Integrate Policies across Programs
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Modernize the Power System
4 Pollutant Regulations require 10% CO2 reduction on
the 6 major power plants
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards: we have added
100 MW new renewables in first year and will add
approx. 600 MW by 2009
Investing $17M in renewable energy for state facilities
State investing $173M in renewable energy and over
$150M annually in energy efficiency
Regional goal to reduce GHG from the Power Sector by
20% by 2025 (energy intensity target)
Courtesy Sonia Hamel
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Massachusetts Requires
Renewables
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Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)
Retail electricity sales must include new renewable
power
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Jan 2003: 1% (450 million kWh)
+ ½ % /yr at least until 2009: 4% (1,986 GWh)
Increases value of wind electricity
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Utilities have to buy “green tags”
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“renewable energy credits” (REC’s)
14 states have an RPS
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More in planning
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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So why Wind?
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Biomass: not enough
Hydro: sites are taken
Landfill: important,
but limited sites
Ocean: Not yet
feasible in MA
PV: 5-25 x cost of
wind
 Wind
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Quick Audience Survey
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What do you know
about wind turbines?
How many of you have
seen a wind turbine?
How many have seen
the Hull, MA wind
turbine?
How well informed do
you feel about the pros
and cons of wind
turbines?
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Cost of all Renewables
is Falling
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Wind is Growing Quickly
32% per year*
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Installed Capacity, end of 2003:
1. Germany: 14,609 MW
2. U.S.: 6,374 MW
3. Spain: 6,202 MW
4. Denmark: 3,110 MW
5. India: 2,110 MW
*5-year average
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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WIND ENERGY
The world's fastest
growing source of energy
A clean and renewable source
of electric power
There are over 40,000 Wind turbines worldwide with over
15,000 in the United States alone – and growing daily
TOTAL INSTALLED U.S. WIND ENERGY CAPACITY
as of Jan 22, 2004 was 6,374
MW
Courtesy Bob Tina
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Wind Power Today:
Scale
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“Small” Wind
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1-30 kW
Net-metered
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Medium
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Sized for the load
Usually matched to a large load
Large
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660 kW – 2 MW +
Grid- connected
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Normally not sized to a load
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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How much is 1 MW ?
An average U.S. household uses about
10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity
each year.
A 1.8-MW turbine can produce more than
5.2 million kWh in a year or —
enough to power more than 500 households
Courtesy Bob Tina
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Wind Power Today:
Scale - Height
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Hub height : 160’ - 260’
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Blade tip : 240’ - 390’
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Wind Power Today:
How it works
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Wind turns blades
Blades turn generator
Generator converts
rotational energy to electricity
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Benefits of Wind for you and
your town
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Let’s talk $$$
Pollution
Health
Security
“Wind Power can Fund Schools”
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Community Wind:
Economics Summary
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Revenue Source
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Pay-back
Three “income streams”
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Sell kWh
Sell REC’s
Tax credit
or REPI - Renewable Energy Production
Incentive
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Economics How do you make money with
electricity?
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Example: a Vestas V47, 6.8 m/s
1. Make energy
2. Sell the energy
Per your Power Purchase Agreement
(PPA):
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kWh/year
4
¢/kWh
3. Sell your REC's (Massachusetts RPS):
2.5
¢/kWh
4. Federal tax credit
1.8
¢/kWh
Gross income per kWh
8.3
¢/kWh
Gross annual income
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1,600,000
$ 132,800 $/Year
Then pay for maintenance, operation & insurance - and equipment
If cost was $770,000  about 5-7 years simple payback
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Describing Energy:
Marginal Emissions Rate
another “unit of energy”
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New England Power Pool
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Annual marginal average, 2002
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(NEPOOL / ISO)
SO2:
NOx:
CO2:
3.27 lbs/MWh
1.12 lbs/MWh
1337.8 lbs/MWh
E.g. Hull, 660 kW @ 28% CF
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SO2: 5,300 lbs
NOx: 1,800 lbs
CO2: 1,100 tons.
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Wind has 0 Emissions
Emissions Associated
With Fossil Fuels
Courtesy Bob Tina
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Same Picture - With and Without
Pollution
Courtesy Bob Tina
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Health Effects
NOTE: THIS SLIDE WILL BE MODIFED TO REFLECT EXPECTED HEALTH
BENEFITS OF A TYPICAL WIND TURBINE
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Harvard School of Public Health Study of Brayton Point
and Salem Harbor Plants, 2000
New Massachusetts Power Plant Air Pollution Regulations
Salem & Morbidity
Savingsby…
*
Once
would decrease Mortality
Now
Every Year
delay Costs!
Changes
are in Place
Premature Deaths per
Year
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23
10
Emergency Room Visits
& Hospital Admissions
per Year
420 + 32
300 + 22
120+9
Asthma Attacks per
Year
2,200
1,600
600
* Assumes Plant does all reductions on site vs. trading offsets
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Security
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Begin to reduce foreign dependencies
No risk during “transportation” of “fuel”
No waste that can be dangerous
Not an attractive target –
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wouldn’t take power off line,
wouldn’t have any additional repercussions.
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Impacts of Wind Power
Avoided Impacts
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Environmental
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Health
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Security
Sources:
Armed escorts of LNG tanker into Boston harbor: Globe.
Asthma inhaler: Sierra Club.
Oiled water fowl: Anchorage Daily News.
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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The other side of the balance
What are your concerns
about Wind turbines?
View
Birds
Noise
Installation
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Impacts of Wind:
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View
Birds
Noise
Eco-Disturbance
Ice Shed
Other
Other
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View
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Daytime:
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Change of View
Historical View
Shadow Flicker
Nightime:
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FAA required Lighting
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Birds
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What causes the least
How many birds are
amount of bird deaths?
killed from current
A. Vehicles
power generation
methods?
B. Wind turbines
Other “Accepted”
practices
C. Power lines
Wind turbines
D. Buildings and windows
As many as half a million birds died in the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
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Annual Human-induced
Avian Deaths
UCSUSA: Source: NWCC, 2001
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Views can be simulated prior to
installation
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Impacts of Wind Power:
Property Values
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In-depth study
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“The Effect of Wind Development on Local
Property Values”
25,000 property transactions
In view shed of wind projects
 Compared to similar sites
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No evidence of reduced value
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full report: www.repp.org
(http://www.repp.org/articles/static/1/binaries/wind_online_final.pdf)
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Eco-Disturbance
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During Construction &
Installation
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Habitat disturbance
Debris/Risk of Spills
During Operation
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Habitat modification
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Noise
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Typical wind turbines
are 55dB.
How loud do you think this would be in your neighborhood?
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Impacts of Wind Power:
Noise
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Modern turbines are
relatively quiet
Rule of thumb – stay
about 3x hub-height away
from houses
Go to Hull or Searsburg & listen!
Note: Searsburg turbines are
older & a bit louder than many modern turbines
Courtesy of Sally Wright - MREL
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Ice Shed
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This is typically a
ridge-top
phenomenon.
You’d have to have
the right conditions,
Then be in the exact
right spot- when
someone was trying
to clear it
And have the pieces
stay together
Heavy ice accretion on a 300 kW wind turbine
rotor, from Morgan, Bossanyi, Seifert
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Do the pros outweigh the cons?
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How to find a site?
Location, Location, Location
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Wind Resource
Use / Sell
Space
Ambient Noise
Environment Factors
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Wind Power Generation Options
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Use to offset power
needs at a specific
facility
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Significantly increases
payback since you are
seeing a savings of
___/kWh versus
selling it to the grid at
____/kWh
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Sell: Generate power
to the grid
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Available to towns that
have a municipal light
department:
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Marblehead
Ipswich
Peabody
Large scale production
can make this more
economical
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What’s the next step?
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Form Renewable Energy Committee
Brainstorm Locations
Zoning Bylaws
Payback Analysis
“Met” Tower
Pre-Permit Studies
Permits
Funding
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Tour a Wind Facility
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Hull
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Any time
Searsburg
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Seasonal tours
VERA:
http://www.northeastwind.com/
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For More Information
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HealthLink www.healthlink.org
MTC www.mtpc.org
MAPC www.mapc.org
Renewable Energy Research Lab
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www.ceere.org/rerl/
www.windpower.org
AWEA: www.awea.org
Wind Power America:
www.windpoweringamerica.gov
Utility Wind Interest Group : www.uwig.org
Homepower Web : www.homepower.com
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