The School of Foreign Languages of NUAA Unit 3 Book

Ⅱ

A New English Course

Language Structure Practice

Grammar

The passive sentence

involving the modal auxiliary

has to

The pupils should be told that their homework before they hand it in.

has to be checked

converted from the active sentence with a direct and an indirect object.

She

isn’t paid anything

for overtime.

involving the verb phrase / phrasal verb I don’t think anybody physical handicap.

should be made fun of

because of his formed by the

They say / it is said…..

pattern

They say / It is said

that three parks will be expanded

.

动词的语态

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主 动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。 注意： 1 ）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带 to 为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“ to ” 。例如：  We saw him play football on the playground.

  的不定式，变 --> He was seen to play football on the playground.

2 ）情态动词 + be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.

煤可以产生工农业需要的电。

let

的用法

1

）当

let

后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用 不带

to

的不定式。例如：

 They let the stranger go.

他们放陌生人走了。

---> The strange was let go.

2

）当

let

后宾补较长时，

let allow

或

permit

代替。例如：



通常不用被动语态，而用

The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.

那护士让我去探望住院的同学。

---> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

短语动词的被动语态

短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.

Such a thing has never been heard of before.

表示

"

据说

"

或

"

相信

"

的词组，基本上由 believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand 等组成。例如： It is said that… 据说 It is reported that… 据报道 It is believed that… 大家相信 It is hoped that… 大家希望 It is well known that… It is thought that… 众所周知 大家认为 It is suggested that… 据建议 It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 It has been decided that… 大家决定 It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是

不用被动语态的情况

不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如 appear, die disappear, end （ vi.

结束） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等无被动语 态。例如：  After the fire, very little remained of my house.

剩无几。 大火过后，我家烧得所 比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及物动词。 （错） The price has been risen.

（对） The price has risen.

（错） The accident was happened last week.

（对） The accident happened last week.

( 错） ( 对） Please seat.

Please be seated .

不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如    fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。例如： This key just fits the lock.

这把钥匙只配这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

听说的一致。 你说的与我们 系动词无被动语态，如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等。例如：  It sounds good.

听上去不错。 带同源宾语的及物动词如 die/death, dream/dream ， live/life 等，以 及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：  She dreamed a bad dream last night.

她昨晚做了个恶梦。 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：   （对） （错） She likes to swim.

To swim is liked by her.

主动形式表示被动意义

wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell

等。 例如： The book sells well.

This knife cuts easily.

这本书销路好。 这刀子很好用。

blame, let

（出租）

, remain, keep, rent, build

等。例如： I was to blame for the accident.

事故发生了，我该受指责。 Much work remains.

还有许多活要干。 在

need, require, want, worth (adj.), deserve

后的动名词必须用主动形式。     The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.

This book is worth reading.

Your hair wants cutting.

你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing.

地板需要冲洗。 特殊结构： make sb. heard / understood  Explain it clearly and make yourself understood.

的话。 解释清楚些，让别人理解你

被动形式表示主动意义

be determined, be pleased, be graduated （ from ） , be prepared （ for), be occupied (in), get married 等。例如：  He is graduated from a famous university.

注意：表示同某人结婚，用 marry sb.

或 get married to sb.

均可。  He married a rich girl.

他与一个富妞结婚了。  He got married to a rich girl.

Words and Expressions

1.

overtime n.

2. handicap n. 3. scratchy adj. after the usual hours physical or mental disability (of a record) making clicks and hisses when 4. magnetic 5. jaywalk 6.

7. 8.

hoarse adj. v. played because of scratches on its surface with the properties of magnet walk carelessly across or along town streets without paying enough attention to traffic or adj. sewerage n. renovate v. traffic signals (of the voice) sounding rough and harsh system of sewers; drainage restore (esp. old buildings) to good condition

Expand, swell

“增大，扩大”的意思。

expand

指体积、数量的增大，可指将折叠的东西展开、打开、散播开， 事物的膨胀，或规模的扩大，而使其扩大的因素既可以是内在的，也可 以是来自外界的外力，如：

~ business

扩大贸易；    The shipbuilding in the south is rapidly ~ing. 南方的造船业正在迅速展。 ～ a phrase into a sentence.

His face ~ed in a smile of welcome. 他的脸上绽开欢迎的笑容。  Metals ~ by/with heat.

swell

是指由于受到内部力量的作用而在体积和容积方面增大，也可指数 目或程度的增长，质量的提高，或曲面向上隆起，常表示“不正常的增 大”。  The ankle was badly swollen. /His face began to swell out. / The injured wrist swelled (up).       The sails swelled out in the wind.

The streams have swollen with melted snow. 雪融河涨。 Wood often ~s when wet. Never swell with pride. Swell (be swollen) with anger/ indignation The enrollment swelled to 1000 this year.

Extend, lengthen, prolong, spread

都表示“延伸”

Extend

直线状的伸展，引申指扩展势力、范围、影响等  The farm ~s eastward as far as the river.

  By this time the fire had greatly ~ed itself.

The meeting ~ed late into the night.

 It rapidly ~ed his influence over all France.

Lengthen

增加长度或延长时间，侧重动作；

-- trousers.

 The days are beginning to ~ out after the Winter Solstice.

 The intended ~ of her stay was 3 weeks, but it was later ~ed to four weeks,.  Summer ~s out into autumn.

Prolong

把时间过程延长到超过通常或正常的限度；

prolong one’s life,

  If the headmaster makes his usual speech, it will ~ the ceremony by 10 minutes.

I had to ~ my stay for another week.

 The meeting was ~ed into the night.

 The author cleverly ~ed the suspense in his mystery novel.

spread

“扩散，散布，铺开”， 有“

spread over a surface”

 ～ scientific knowledge   He ～ ～ the news glue on paper

around

the town

Dialogue I Farewell to Rude Manners

Questions

According to A and B, what happens usually when the bus is late? How does A describe going to school by bus? What was his experience at a bus stop one morning?

What was B ’ s experience?

Does what A and B describe in the dialogue often happen in the city where you live or you are from?

What kind of behavior is considered as uncivil? Can you list some other examples?

How should young people behave? What ’ s your opinion

?

Sample outline

A and B are commenting on some unpleasant daily occurrences in public places.

1.

2.

3.

A tells B about his personal experience at a bus stop one morning.

B in turn tells A about what he saw on the bus one day when he did not come to school by bike.

A and B talk about what young people should do and should not do.

Words and Expressions 1.

Bother

bother sb 打扰 bother to do sth/ doing sth 不怕麻烦做某事 bother oneself/ one’s head/ one’s brains about sth 为 ….

操心 bother sb with sth 因为 … 而麻烦 ….

辨析

bother, interfere, interrupt, trouble, worry

bother, interfere, interrupt, trouble

和

worry

的共同意思是“干扰” “使烦恼”

Bother

给人造成较小的麻烦、不便、不快或烦恼，比较轻微的干扰了人的舒适和心情； 或者是向别人请教或请求帮忙 

The man is always ~ing me to lend him money.

 

The sight of him ~ed her and set her heart beating faster.

I’m busy; don’t ~ me.

Interfere

指人或人的行动打扰他人，或着妨碍干预他人的事务 

You mustn’t ~ that old scientist.

 

Under the Constitution, government cannot ~ in the private lives of citizens.

She always ~s in matters that don’t concern her.

Interrupt

多指由于某种外界因素而停下来，中断其连续性或为了某种目的而停下来， 但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去；   

The constant ~s interfere my work.

Trouble

表示的意义很广泛，事无巨细，

Worry

 表示纠缠、困扰、折磨，暗示重复和不间断的含义

Don’t ~ me with your complaints.



Their talk was ~ed by the arrival of visitors.

The war ~ed the flow of commerce between the two countries.

He ~(ed) her to marry him.

2

.

Exaggerate

make sth seem better, larger, worse than it really is exaggerative “ 夸张的” , （ used as both modifier, and predictive) exaggerated “ 夸张的 / 虚假的 , 歪曲的 ” （ used as modifier) exaggeratory “ 夸大的” （ used as predictive) 3.

turn out

happen to be, or be found to be, in the end 结果（是），原 来（是），证明（是） The party turned out a success.

To our surprise, the stranger turned out to be (= we discovered that he was) an old friend of my mother’s.

His statement turned out to be false. = It turned out that his statement was false.

4.

occupy

to move into and hold possession of ( a place) 占领  The enemy occupied the town.

to fill (a position, space, or time) 占有（位置、空间、或时间）  The story occupied most of the front page of the paper.

to be in ( a place) 占有（一个地方）［通常用被动语态］  Is that seat occupied? (Is it free?)  The house is no longer occupied.

[in, with] to cause to spent time (doing something), keep busy 使忙于   This new job will keep me occupied.

I occupied myself in writing letters.

occupation: a job; the act of occupying a place occupational: of, about, or caused by one’s job 职业的，关于职业的  For professional football players, injuries are an occupational hazard.

occupant/ occupier 居住者，占有人，占用者

6. bid

to say or wish (a greeting or goodbye to someone) 向（某人）致（问候或 告别语） to order or tell (someone to do sth) bid sb. do sth.

[to] to invite guests bidden to a wedding bid fair (to do sth) : to seem likely (to do sth) 很有可能（做某事） e.g. This agreement bids fair to establish a lasting peace.

find yourself on a crowded bus

find + O + OC ( adj.,prep. phrase, present part., past part., infinitive)

（用来表达某一具体事物。事物越具体就越该用这一构） 她发现这次足球比赛还蛮有趣的。 

She found the football match very interesting.

我们发现门已上锁了。 

We found the door locked.

Albert

发觉他的新工作还蛮具挑战性的。 

Albert found the new job challenging.

妈妈发现

Tom

的房间一片狼藉。 

Mother found Tom ’ s room in a mass.

我发现她是个非常勤奋的秘书。 

I found her to be a hard-working secretary.

他来时发现这是个繁华的村庄，走时却一片荒凉。 

He found the place a prosperous village and left it a scene of desolation.

他发现办公室工作枯燥乏味。 

He found office work tedious and monotonous.

我希望下次再见到你时，你的精神状态会好些。 

I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again.

我们赶到他家发现他已经出去了。 

We went to her house and found her out.

从办公室回到家，他发现家里已空空荡荡。 

On his return from his office, he found the house deserted.

他发现中国人生活的开开心心、快快乐乐。 

I found the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.

find + that clause

（往往表示发现某一事实道理

)

我发现村里没有人懂我的话。 

I found that none of the villagers understood me.

*

（

I found none of the villagers understanding me

） 牛顿发现万物相吸。 

Newton found that all masses attract each other.

* (Newton found all masses attracting each other.)

她很惊讶地发现这个城市里的大多数餐馆在晚上

8

点之前就关门了。 

To her surprise, she found that most restaurants in the city closed before 7:30 p.m.

*

(To her surprise, she found most restaurants in the city closing before 8:00 p.m.)

leave cause to remain after going

他突然站起来，午饭也没吃完就走了。（ past participle ） 

He got up suddenly ~ing the lunch unfinished.

别让她在寒风中等候。（ present participle ） 

Don ’ t ~ her waiting in the cold wind.

持续多日的高烧使她极为虚弱。（ adj ） 

The continuous high fever has left her extremely weak.

几天前那场席卷华北的沙尘暴让所有的东西都蒙上一层灰。（ adj ） 

The dust storm that swept the north China a couple of days ago ~(ed) everything dirty.

她窗也没关就睡觉了。（ adj ） 

She went to sleep, leaving all the windows open.

罢工使得整个法国的铁路系统一片混乱。（ prep. phrase ） 

The strike ~(ed) the railway system in France in utter confusion.

正在进行的施工使得这条道路的交通陷于瘫痪。 （ prep. phrase ） 

The construction in progress ~(ed) transportation of the city at a standstill.

As a rule

usually

I don ’ t travel by air ~ , for the plane ticket is too expensive.

I go back home once two weeks ~, if there is nothing special.

~, we cover one unit a week.

As a rule I get home by seven o’clock

Be preoccupied with

He was ~ the wedding ceremony next week while cycling home and had no idea that a disastrous traffic accident was falling.

The mother is now ~ with her daughter seriously ill in hospital and has no time to attend to anything else.

He is now ~ how to save enough money for a holiday in Europe / to go to Europe for a holiday/ to spend his holiday in Europe.

Dialogue II Uncertainty

Summary of how to express uncertainty

How to express not knowing what to do, when to do, how to do, why to do…

I’m not sure/certain about……, I suppose it could be/ perhaps I might…/ I looks as if I might…./ perhaps it’s better to…..

/ I wonder if I might…

How to express bewilderment / uncertainties about the instructions given

I’m puzzled/ baffled by one’s instructions.

I got confused / I don’t know / I can’t understand what one is talking about.

How to express the speaker’s uncertainty when he tries to elucidate further but finds that he can’t do it.

As one tries to do sth, he / she gets confused / mixed up.

How to express uncertainties in identifying, distinguishing something or someone

I can’t tell ……

How to express uncertainties in seeing and hearing something or someone

I can’t make out …..

Reading I A Shopper’s Nightmare

Read the text and answer the questions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Where was the birthday gift bought?

What was the problem with the jumper?

Why did the author go to London with her friends?

What happened when the author left the store?

What was the author accused of?

How did the author prove that she was innocent?

What would have happened to the author had it not been a clear-cut case?

What was it that the author was most unhappy about this store?

Words and Expressions

1.

It would be sensible to dash into…: Sensible: acting with a good sense

，

a sensible person

通情达理的人，

a sensible choice

明智的抉择等。

Sensible

意为“可觉察到的；明智的”；

Sensitive

意为“敏感的，容易感受到的”，

a pair of sensitive scales

一架灵敏的天平，

be sensitive to other’ s criticism

对别人的批评非常敏感；

Sensual

意为“肉欲的，色情的”，

a sensual life/enjoyment

；

Sensuous

意为“感官方面的，激发美感的”，

a sensuous painting

一幅引人入胜的油画，

a sensuous poem

一首隽永的诗等 。

2. exchange v. give and receive in return

e.g.

The two teams exchange presents before the game.

The battery I bought is the wrong size --- I wonder if the shop will exchange it?

I exchanged seats with Bill.

Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?

3. accuse sb of sth: charge sb. with doing wrong or breaking the law e.g.

He was accused of murder.

The report accused the government of shirking its responsibilities.

accused

被告

// accuser

原告

accusatory / / adj

控告的

,

指控的；指责的，责备的：～

complaints

控诉

/

～

remarks

（

glances

）责备的言语（目光）

/in an

～

tone

用责备的口气

accusingly adv

指责地，责备地：

accused / / adj

被指责的；被控告的：

The company stands

～

of failing to safeguard the public.

这家公司被控未能保护公众的利益。

辨析

accuse/ blame/ condemn/ charge

Accuse blame condemn

和

charge

都含有“指责、指控或责备”的意思， 区别在于：

blame

指因出差错而受责备； 

I blame the accident on him.

我将这次意外归咎于他。

condemn

指某人有不好的行为而受责备； 

They condemn him for his bad conduct.

他们谴责他的行为。

accuse

为最常用词，多指因粗心失信或不负责而受指责，在正式或非正式、公事 或私事中都可用； 

He was accused of taking bribes.

他被控告受贿。 而

charge

主要用于正式语体中，如法庭依法控告等，常表达过失的严重性及指控 的正式性。 

He charged me for neglecting my duty.

他责备我怠忽 。

4. forgivable/ / adj

可原谅的，可宽恕的： 

The mistake is

～

.

这个错误有情可原。

forgive

△

/ / v [T] (forgave,forgiven)

原谅，宽恕：  

Please

～

me my mistake.

请原谅我的过错。

/

～

sb. for one‘s offences

原谅某人的过错

forgiveness/ / n [U]

宽恕；宽厚之心： 

His

～

made her realize how unselfish he was.

么无私。 他的宽宏大量使她了解到他多

forgiving/ / adj

仁慈的，宽大的： 

He said a

～

word of welcome to his erring son.

句宽慰的话。 他对他做了错事的儿子说了一

辨析

excuse, forgive, pardon

都表示宽恕或原谅某人或某种 过失 区别在于：

excuse

用以请求原谅轻微的过失，或在社交礼仪方面的疏忽。 可用于个人和他人； 

We ~ed his rudeness because we knew he was under a severe strain.

forgive

是原谅他人对自己的冒犯，不再予以追究，比如因为同情等，含 有较强的个人感情  

The husband ~ed his unfaithful wife.

He ~(ed) her the wrongs she had done him.

Pardon

常与

for

连用，比前两者正式，请求原谅严重的过失、犯罪或违反 道德准则  ～

sb. for sth./ for doing sth.

   

A thousand ~s for stepping on your foot.

May God grant you ~ for your sins.

You have my ~ for your recent actions .

Free ~

特赦

general ~

大赦

辨析

comfort / console

给人提供帮助，使减轻痛苦，得到安慰 ①

comfort

通过加以鼓励、增强希望、鼓舞心志等从正面进行安慰，使其减 少痛苦

,

往往是一般是安慰别人 

I tried to ~ Jean after she failed in the examination.



~ a sobbing child

②

console

多指在某人处于痛苦失败失望麻烦等时候，给予安慰，减轻缓解 痛苦的程度；可以是安慰别人，也可以是安慰自己。  

~ sb. On the death of a parent After fire had destroyed my home I ~ed myself with the thought that it might have been worse.

5. Managers

on their hands and knees

and

sacked

store detectives on one’ s hands and knees in a humble respectful way

低声下气的，卑躬屈膝的

e.g. He was willing to go to her father on his hands and knees to ask if he could marry her.

sack store detectives store detectives who are dismissed from their jobs; sack

作动词意为“解雇”，

e.g. sack a dilatory worker

解雇一个干活拖拉的工人， 此词也可用作名词，

give a dilatory worker a sack.

6.

dread:

to feel great fear or anxiety about   dread + to do sth I ~ to think what may happen.

I ~ to think what would have happened if we hadn’t left there in time.   dread + doing He ~ed having to meet her parents.

Most women ~ getting old.   dread sth.

Tom ~ed his visits to the dentist.

Students usually ~ the examination.

  dread + that clause He ~ed that his parent would find out what he was doing now.

I ~ that he will come.

Reading

II

A Letter of Complaint

About Writing A Letter

信函写作

.doc

Words and Expressions

1. ample adj.

①

Enough

充足的；充裕的

We have

～

(usually modify uncountable noun)

money for the journey.

我们有足够的钱去旅游。

Ample food and clothing by working with our own hands.

衣足食。 自己动手

,

丰 ②

large in size; spacious; extensive

大的；宽敞的；广泛的：

an

～

lobby

宽敞的休息室

/ There‘s

～ 下孩子们。

room for the children on the back seat.

后座很宽敞，容得

amply adv

充足地

,

详细地：

He apologized

～

for his suddenness.

他因自己的唐突而深表歉意。

amplify

◆

/ / v [T]

①放大或增强：

to

述；补充叙述： ～

a radio signal We must ask you to

～ 你的说法作进一步的说明。

‖amplification n [U]

增强无线电讯号 ②详

your statement.

我们得请你对

3. We appreciate that there must be…: Appreciate vt. understand fully He fully/sufficiently appreciated the danger of the situation.

“欣赏；鉴赏；感激”

appreciate one’ s ability/literary works, deeply /highly /gratefully /much appreciate your assistance

vi.

appreciate

意为“价格上涨，增值”

The land has rapidly appreciated since the building of the new railway.

5. smooth over

缓和（困难）；缓解

/

消除（粗糙），排除  我设法消除我与他之间的误会。

I managed to

～

over the misunderstanding between he and I.

任何努力都无法消除我们所经历的不快。 

No effort could ~ the unpleasantness we had experienced.

4.

consequently

△

adv therefore

因此；所以：

She didn‘t explain it dearly —

因此他不明白。 ～

, he didn’t understand.

她讲得不清楚

, The rain was heavy and

～ 地面都被淹了。

the land was flooded.

雨下得很大；因此， 此副词意为

therefore

因此，注意不要将此词与

subsequently

混淆，

subsequently

意为

succeedingly

随后，只表示在某一事件之后发生，而 没有因果关系

consequent / / adj

作为结果的

,

随之发生的

consequence / / n [C]

①结果

,

后果 ②重要

(

性

) ‖ in consequence of

由于 担后果

/ in consequence

结果

/ take the consequences

承

辨析

consequence / effect / outcome/ result consequence, effect, outcome

和

result

都可表示“效果，结果” 不同的是：

result

是普通用语，指直接或间接、近因或远因所导致的 结果；

consequence

指自然而然的或当然的结果；

effect

严格强调因果关系，指和

cause

直接相对应的结果；

outcome

强调事件的特有的结局，表示最终的结果 辨析

consequence/ importance Consequence

和

importance

都可表示“重要，重要性”。

consequence

强调不可忽视的或对随后的事件颇有影响的事物的“重要， 重要性”

importance

意为“重大，重要性”，强调不受任何限制任何事物的重 要或重要性。

Assure sb. of sth. Assure sb. that …

The doctor assured the patient that the operation was a small one and he would not feel a thing.

辨析

assure

和

ensure Assure: try to cause to believe or trust in sth.; try to persuade.

与 of 连用，指通过劝导或承诺等方式想对方保证并使相信 常 

The fact that the school had a good reputation ~ed him that his child would be well taken care of.

 

The statistical data ~ed us of the effect of this new medicine.

I ~ you that this medicine cannot harm you.

Ensure: make (sth) certain (to happen); to make (someone) certain to get （ sth good ） or avoid （ sth bad ）表确保某件事的发生；确保得到 某种好处或避免受到某种伤害  

He wrote a poem which ~ed his undying fame.

This medicine will ~ you a good night ’ s sleep.

Prompt

Adj. Carried out or performed without delay



A ~ reply, ~ service, ~ payment

V. to cause or urge sb to do sth.

  

Hunger ~ed him to steal.

A noise ~ed the guard to go back and inspect the garden once again.

The accident ~ed a review of school safety policy.

To be the cause of (a thought, action or feeling)



The sight of ships ~ed thoughts of her distant home.

To remind an actor of the next words in a speech when they have been forgotten To help a speaker by suggesting how to continue



It is forbidden to ~ a witness in court.

Prompt quick apt ready

均指精神活动、动作、语言等敏捷的、反应快的

Quick

强调天生的而非后天的能力，也指杰出的学习和接受能力  

He is ~ in perception, observation and decision.

The girl has a ~ ear for music and she is also ~ at figures.

Prompt

强调人经过训练、培训准备后对各种情况作出快速的反应；通常还含有 非常乐意、非常迫切以至于迫不及待之义  

~ service is appreciated.

She is always ~ to criticize others ’ ideas .

Ready

指“迅速”时比较正式，常含有褒义，指人的思维能力强，也强调预先的 准备和训练，但更强调人本身及能力，而不是人的行为或对思想感情的表述。  

You are too ~ for excuses.

I ’ m always ~ to be at your call.

Apt

比较正式，强调学地快，而且还强调理解的快而且内容多，指具有较高的智 商和特殊的天赋，但仅表现在某一特定的方面 

The boy is ~ at drawing abut not at arithmetic.

‘ 特书此信对本周二晚我们在贵餐厅用餐时所受的冷遇提出 / 表示严 正投诉 / 抗议。 

I am writing to make a strong complaint about the impolite treatment we received when we visited your restaurant Tuesday evening

。 我相信你们会对我们的投诉即刻予以关注 , 因为整个令人尴尬的事 件在南京人热情好客方面造成了恨坏的影响。 

I trust you will give this complaint your prompt attention as the whole embarrassing incident has sets a very bad example of Nanjing hospitality.

Key to Translation

The breathtaking performance of the stuntmen left the audience panic-stricken As/Since his health is declining/deteriorating/worsening, I think it is high time he got rid of the bad habit of smoking.

When Bill is preoccupied with his experiment, he is totally unaware of / had no idea of / was utterly in the dark about / as to what is happening around him.

Tom proposed to exchange his stamp for John ’ s book, but John refused.

He accused his neighbour of playing the records too loudly at night.

He is not such a fool as you assume him to be.

On many occasions we may hear people say that men are superior to women. Actually this is a manifestation of male chauvinism.

True, men are doing better than women in most fields, but this is not women ’ s fault. The age-old traditions which prevent women from enjoying equal opportunities with men have a lot to do with the phenomenon.

There is yet another form of invisible discrimination. That is the deep rooted prejudice that sees ignorance as a woman ’ s virtue. But of course it is true that in our country women ’ s status has been greatly raised in the past fifty years.

A main obstacle that often holds women back is fear, which results from social prejudice. Fear keeps women from doing anything significant. To root out the conventional prejudices, women should hold to the belief that they can catch up with and surpass men. This belief will help women build up their confidence, overcome their fear, and shatter the myth that men are superior to women.

Passage Dictation

(51) A new era is upon us. We can all it the service economy, the information age, or the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we are partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe, Japan, and many other countries are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can ’ t be measured by numbers alone, because it is also giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers ---- all these are being challenged.

(160 )