Transcript Health and Stress - Los Angeles Trade–Technical College

Stress, Health and Coping
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Sources of Stress
Responding to Stress
Health and Illness
Lifestyle and Health
Sources of Stress
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Hassles
Choices
Unpredictability and Lack of Control
Stress in the workplace
Catastrophic Events
– Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Racism
Conflict with Choices
• Approach-Approach
• Avoidance-Avoidance
• Approach-Avoidance
Workplace Stress Factors
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Workload
Clarity of job description
Physical
Job status
Accountability
Task variety
Human contact
Physical challenge
Mental challenge
General Adaptation Syndrome
• Alarm
• Resistance
• Exhaustion
Lazarus’s Cognitive Theory of Stress
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Primary Appraisal
Secondary Appraisal
Hassles and Uplifts
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Coping Strategies
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Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Proactive coping
Healthy vs. not healthy strategies
Lots of terms!
Personality types and stress
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Type A behavior pattern
Type B behavior pattern
Hardy behavior pattern
Disease-prone behavior pattern
Emotional Reactions
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Anxiety
Depression
Learned helplessness
Defense mechanisms
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Sour grapes
Sweet lemons
Rationalization
Projection
Denial
Health and Illness
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Biomedical model
Biopsychosocial model
Psychoneuroimmunology
Lymphocytes
Immune system
GAS and ARE
Behavioral Risk Factors
Cause of death
Tobacco
Diet/Inactivity
Alcohol
Infection
Toxic agents
Firearms
Sexual behavior
Motor vehicles
Illicit use of drugs
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Percentage of all deaths
The nine leading causes of death in the United States are shown in this graph. As you can see,
eight of the top nine causes are directly related to behavioral risk factors (infection is the exception).
At least 45 percent of all deaths can be traced to unhealthful behavior. The percentage of day-today health problems related to unhealthful behavior is even higher. (Data from McGinnis & Foege,
1993.)
Personal Factors That Reduce Stress
• Optimism/pessimism
• Hardiness
(commitment, control, & challenge)
• Social support
• Religious faith
Lifestyle and Stress
• Smoking
– If you need to quit:
http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/how2quit.htm
• Alcohol abuse
– If you need help: http://www.aa.org/
• Exercise
• Diet and nutrition