Transcript Slide 1

PCD Impact Assessment
on Food Security in
Tanzania
Consultation Workshop
Module 2
Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF)
& European Centre for Development Policy
Management ECDPM,
17 September 2014
Dar Es Salaam
On the menu today
I. Introducing the PCD IA pilot in Tanzania:
rationale and history, scope and objectives
-Coffee breakII. Module 2: the Tanzania Food Security Profile
• Rationale
• State of food and nutrition security
• Food security System
•
•
•
The agro-food sector: characteristics and challenges
The agricultural trade profile
The policy framework
III. Outstanding issues and identifying relevant
OECD policies
ECDPM
Page 2
I. Introducing the PCD Impact
Assessment on food security in
Tanzania
ECDPM
Page 3
Policy coherence for development
(PCD)
• The Rationale
Domestic policies of OECD member countries (e.g.
agriculture, trade, investment, science, migration) can
have a spill-over impact on developing countries,…
… that impact is not necessarily coherent with the
objectives formulated under the policy for development
cooperation of that OECD country
ECDPM
PCD is a conceptual tool aimed at addressing such
incoherencies to the benefit of development objectives, e.g.
food security
Page 4
For example
ECDPM
Source: OECD, 2014.
Page 5
Prevalent definitions: PCD = …
EU
OECD
“The EU seeks to minimise
contradictions and to build
synergies between policies other
than development cooperation
that have an impact on
developing countries, for the
benefit of overseas development”
“The pursuit of development
objectives through the
systematic promotion of
mutually reinforcing policy
actions on the part of both
OECD and development
countries”.
Two-fold implication: “do no harm” and beyond:
1.Make sure all policies are development-friendly
2.Ensure the proactive promotion of development objectives in
other policies: exploit synergies
ECDPM
Page 6
Prevalent definitions: PCD ≠ …
Diverging interpretations and use of the concept of
PCD.
PCD IS NOT (only):
• Coordination with other policies
• Harmonization with other donors
• Adjustment of development policy to other
policies (it is PC for Development)
ECDPM
Page 7
Measuring PCD
= one of the key PCD building blocks
ECDPM
Page 8
Context
• OECD, EU and Member States have strong
commitments to enforce PCD, frontrunners
include: NL, SE, FIN, DK
• 2008 OECD Ministerial declaration confirmed
commitment to promote PCD, incl. measuring the effects
of OECD members’ policies on international development objectives.
• EU 2012 Council Conclusions on PCD ask for
‘a more evidence-based approach, to further improve monitoring,
implementation and follow-up. Relevant baselines, indicators and targets should
also be developed including for measuring the impact of PCD in a way which
demonstrates clear development results’.
ECDPM
Page 9
Different ways to monitor PCD
•Ex-ante check lists and impact assessments of OECD
member countries’ policy proposals
•Ex-post assessments of OECD policy impact at
country-level
This is where this research project comes in
ECDPM
Page 10
The project: how did we get here?
• 2012: OECD asked ECDPM to develop
“a methodology for country-level impact assessments
of PCD on food security”
• July 2013: presentation of a draft toward a
methodology
• Now two pilot projects to apply, test and fine-tune
this methodology in:
•
•
ECDPM
Tanzania (FIN & OECD)
Burkina Fasso (SWISS & OECD)
Page 11
Objectives
General objective: to develop a methodology for identifying
and assessing the impacts (+/-) of OECD policies on food
security in individual developing countries
Specific objectives:
1. Help OECD DAC members in pursuing their PCD policy
objectives through providing evidence for policy change
domestically and for programme design at country level
(e.g. more information to address trade-offs between internal goals &
negative externalities on developing countries)
2. Enable partner countries and civil society to advocate for
improved PCD and to address the impacts of incoherencies.
ECDPM
Page 12
The Methodology: how does it look
like?
• 5 key principles:
i) stakeholder involvement; ii) deductive
reasoning; iii) disaggregation of impact; iv) mixed
methods.
• For a variety of audiences and users: public
good
•
•
Meant to be done relatively quickly and with
limited resources.
Modular and flexible. No straightjacket that
researchers have to follow to the letter.
• Designed to pick up on the effects of public
policies.
•
ECDPM
While acknowledging the effects of other
external factors beyond the scope of this study
(e.g. Climate Change)
Page 13
A modular, step-by-step
approach
1. Getting started: considerations and decisions before launching the
exercise
2. The country food security profile: the FS system, determinants and
FS situation
3. Establish a route of impact: causal linkages with OECD policies
4. In-country contextualisation and verification of causal linkages >
response strategies
5. Communication strategy and follow up
Module 1: Getting started
• Very straightforward: key factors to consider
before starting the assessment:
• What country/ group of countries?
• Country buy in/ local partners.
• Team composition.
ECDPM
Page 15
Module 2: Country food security
profile
Output
indicators
OECD
Policies
Other
factors
(e.g. other
policies,
Climate
change,…)
ECDPM
Page 16
Module 3: Verifying causal
linkages
• The idea is to take the potentially relevant
OECD policies, identified in module 2, and to
draw linkages “on paper” of how the impact
would be transmitted.
• Main aim of the module is to make the IA
solid from a “theoretical” point of view
• Relatively straightforward for some effects
(e.g. tariffs), very complicated for others
(e.g. agricultural subsidies and price
transmission).
ECDPM
Page 17
Module 4: In-country research
• Verify theory through field research
• Three aims:



local
ECDPM
Contextualize and further explore the theoretical
causal chains developed in module 3
Formulate conclusions.
Define response strategy options.
- for OECD country policies.
- for adaptation/advocacy strategies by
partners.
Page 18
Module 5: communication
• Messages will differ depending on the targeted
audience (NGOs, in country embassies, partner
govnts, etc).
• Communication Plan should formulate
-What information is relevant to which stakeholder
audience
- How to best approach which audience, through which
communication channels
ECDPM
Page 19
So, where does this workshop come in?
• Stakeholder involvement is one of the 5 overarching
principles of the methodology:
•
•
•
Not an (exclusively) desk-based project
Should be a “process” as much as a study.
Inclusive, consultative process per module to enhance
chances of follow-up.
Today:
• We present the methodology,
• … discuss initial findings of Module 2…
• and pick your brains on what could be the potentially
relevant OECD policy externalities for analysis in
Module 3.
ECDPM
Page 20