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Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Preview
• Multiple Choice
• Short Answer
• Extended Response
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of
an acid?
A. An acid changes the color of an indicator.
B. An acid has a bitter taste.
C. An acid ionizes in water.
D. An acid produces hydronium ions in water.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of
an acid?
A. An acid changes the color of an indicator.
B. An acid has a bitter taste.
C. An acid ionizes in water.
D. An acid produces hydronium ions in water.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
2. When an acid reacts with an active metal,
A. the hydronium ion concentration increases.
B. the metal forms anions.
C. hydrogen gas is produced.
D. carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
2. When an acid reacts with an active metal,
A. the hydronium ion concentration increases.
B. the metal forms anions.
C. hydrogen gas is produced.
D. carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
3. Which of the following is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A. an electron pair donor
B. an electron pair acceptor
C. a proton donor
D. a proton acceptor
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
3. Which of the following is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
A. an electron pair donor
B. an electron pair acceptor
C. a proton donor
D. a proton acceptor
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
4. Which acid is the most commonly produced industrial
chemical?
A. hydrochloric acid
B. acetic acid
C. nitric acid
D. sulfuric acid
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
4. Which acid is the most commonly produced industrial
chemical?
A. hydrochloric acid
B. acetic acid
C. nitric acid
D. sulfuric acid
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is a conjugate pair?
A.
B.
C.
D.
H+ and OH−
NH2– and NH4
HCl and Cl−
H2SO4 and SO24
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
5. Which of the following is a conjugate pair?
A.
B.
C.
D.
H+ and OH−
NH2– and NH4
HCl and Cl−
H2SO4 and SO24
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
6. What is the formula for acetic acid?
A. CH3COOH
B. HNO3
C. HClO4
D. HCN
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
6. What is the formula for acetic acid?
A. CH3COOH
B. HNO3
C. HClO4
D. HCN
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
7. Which of the following species is the conjugate acid of
another species in the list?
A. PO34
B. H3PO4
C. H2O
D. H2PO4–
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
7. Which of the following species is the conjugate acid of
another species in the list?
A. PO34
B. H3PO4
C. H2O
D. H2PO4–
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
8. Identify the salt that forms when a solution of H2SO4 is
titrated with a solution of Ca(OH)2.
A. calcium sulfate
B. calcium hydroxide
C. calcium oxide
D. calcium phosphate
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
8. Identify the salt that forms when a solution of H2SO4 is
titrated with a solution of Ca(OH)2.
A. calcium sulfate
B. calcium hydroxide
C. calcium oxide
D. calcium phosphate
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following statements is true for the
reaction below?
–
–


HF(aq ) + HPO2–
(
aq
)
F
(
aq
)
+
H
PO

4
2
4 (aq )
A. HF is the base.
B. HPO2–
4 is the acid.
C. F− is the conjugate base.
D. H2PO4– is the conjugate base.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Multiple Choice
9. Which of the following statements is true for the
reaction below?
–
–


HF(aq ) + HPO2–
(
aq
)
F
(
aq
)
+
H
PO

4
2
4 (aq )
A. HF is the base.
B. HPO2–
4 is the acid.
C. F− is the conjugate base.
D. H2PO4– is the conjugate base.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Short Answer
10. How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid? Give
one example of each.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Short Answer
10. How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid? Give
one example of each.
Answer: A strong acid is 100% ionized; a weak acid is
less than 100% ionized. Possible strong acids are HCl,
HI, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4, and HClO3. With very
few exceptions, any other acid will be a weak acid.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Short Answer
11. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following
reaction:
–



HClO2 (aq ) + NH3 (aq ) 
ClO
(
aq)
+
NH

2
4 (aq )
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Short Answer
11. Identify the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following
reaction:
–



HClO2 (aq ) + NH3 (aq ) 
ClO
(
aq)
+
NH

2
4 (aq )
Answer:
HClO2(aq) acid1,
ClO2– (aq) base1;
NH3(aq) base2,
NH4 (aq) acid2
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Extended Response
12. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, has three hydrogen atoms
and is classified as a triprotic acid. Acetic acid,
CH3COOH, has four hydrogen atoms and is
classified as a monoprotic acid. Explain the
difference, and justify your explanation by drawing
the Lewis structure for both acids.
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Extended Response
12. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, has three hydrogen atoms
and is classified as a triprotic acid. Acetic acid,
CH3COOH, has four hydrogen atoms and is
classified as a monoprotic acid. Explain the
difference, and justify your explanation by drawing
the Lewis structure for both acids.
Answer: Each of the H atoms in phosphoric acid is
attached to an oxygen atom and can ionize. Only
one of the H atoms in acetic acid is attached to an
oxygen atom and can be ionized. The three H
atoms bonded to C do not ionize; thus, acetic acid
is a monoprotic acid.
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 14
Extended Response
12. Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, has three hydrogen atoms
and is classified as a triprotic acid. Acetic acid,
CH3COOH, has four hydrogen atoms and is classified
as a monoprotic acid. Explain the difference, and
justify your explanation by drawing the Lewis
structure for both acids.
O
Answer, continued:
H
O
HO
H
C
H
C
P
OH
OH
OH
Chapter 14
Standardized Test Preparation
Extended Response
13. Write the full equation, ionic equation, and net ionic
equation for the neutralization reaction between
ammonia and sulfuric acid. Identify the spectator
ion(s).
Standardized Test Preparation
Chapter 14
Extended Response
13. Write the full equation, ionic equation, and net ionic equation for
the neutralization reaction between ammonia and sulfuric acid.
Identify the spectator ion(s).
Answer:
full equation:
2NH3 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq)  (NH4 )2 SO4 (aq)
ionic equation: 2NH3 (aq ) + 2H3O (aq ) + SO2–
4 (aq ) 
net ionic equation:
2NH4 (aq ) + SO2–
4 ( aq ) + 2H2O( l )
2NH3 (aq) + 2H3O (aq)  2NH4 (aq) + 2H2O(l )
spectator ion:
SO2–
4