Acids, Bases, and Salts
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Transcript Acids, Bases, and Salts
Acids and Bases
http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/AcidBase.html
Acid + Base Salt + Water
• Orange juice + milk bad taste
• Evergreen shrub + concrete dead bush
• Under a pine tree + fertilizer white powder
HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH
salt
water
Acid-Base Neutralization
1-
1+
+
+
H32O+
OH
H2O-
H2O
H2O
Water ion
Hydronium
Hydroxide
Water ion
Water
Water
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
Acid-Base Neutralization
1-
1+
+
+
H3O+
OH-
H2O
H2O
Hydronium ion
Hydroxide ion
Water
Water
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter 3rd Edition, page 584
Neutralization
Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base
to produce a salt (an ionic compound) and water.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
base
acid
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
salt
water
Some neutralization reactions:
H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq)
sulfuric acid
2 HC2H3O2(aq) +
acetic acid
sodium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2(aq)
calcium hydroxide
Na2SO4 +
sodium sulfate
2 HOH
water
Ca(C2H3O2)2 + 2 HOH
calcium acetate
water
Neutralization
ACID + BASE SALT + WATER
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
strong
strong
neutral
HC2H3O2 + NaOH NaC2H3O2 + H2O
weak
strong
basic
• Salts can be neutral, acidic, or basic.
• Neutralization does not mean pH = 7.
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
Salts
NaCl
Salts - Ionic compounds containing a positive ion other than the
hydrogen
ion andand
a negative
than salts
the hydroxide ion.
Formulas
namesion
of other
common
i.e., a metal and a non-metal
SALT
FORMULA
Common Name
Under what conditions do salts conduct current?
sodium chloride
NaCl(s) + H2O(l)
sodium nitrate
NaCl
(table) salt
Na1+(aq) + Cl1-(aq)
NaNO3
Chile saltpeter
sodium bicarbonate
NaHCO3
baking soda
potassium carbonate
K2CO3
potash
ammonium chloride
NH4Cl
sal ammoniac
Salt Formation
strong
base
strong
acid
NaOH
HCl
salt of a strong base and a strong acid
NaCl
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
strong
base
weak
acid
NaOH
HC2H3O2
NaC2H3O2
salt of a strong base and a weak acid
NaOH + HC2H3O2 NaC2H3O2 + H2O
Note: that in each case H-OH (water) is formed
Salt Formation
weak
base
strong
acid
NH3
H2SO4
salt of a weak base and a strong acid
(NH4) 2 SO4
H2SO4
NH4OH
NH4OH + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + H2O
weak
base
NH43OH
weak
acid
HC2H3O2
NH4 C2H3O2
salt of a weak base and a weak acid
NH4OH + HC2H3O2 NH4C2H3O2 + H2O
Note: that in each case H-OH (water) is also formed
weak
base
strong
acid
NH3
H2SO4
(NH4) 2 SO4
2 NH4OH
ammonium
ion
+
hydroxide
ion
salt of a weak base and a strong acid
H2SO4
(NH4)2SO4
sulfuric
acid
ammonium sulfate
+
2 HOH
water
sulfate ion
1-
1+
H2SO4
NH4OH
21+
1-
1+
2 NH4OH
NH4+
NH4+
1+
OHOH-
+
H2SO4
H2SO4
(NH4)2SO4
(NH4)2SO4
+
2 H 2O
HOH
HOH
Reactions that produce salt
acid
+
base
salt
+
water
H3PO4
+
NH4OH
(NH4)3PO4
+
H2O
phosphoric acid and ammonium hydroxide
HNO3
nitric acid
H2CO3
Mg(OH)2
magnesium hydroxide
KOH
yields ammonium phosphate and water
Mg(NO3)2
magnesium nitrate
K2CO3
carbonic acid
potassium hydroxide
potassium carbonate
HC2H3O2
Al(OH)3
Al(C2H3O2)3
acetic acid
aluminum hydroxide
aluminum acetate
HClO4
perchloric acid
Ba(OH)2
barium hydroxide
H2O
Ba(ClO4)2
barium perchlorate
H2O
H2O
H2O