Transcript Bild 1 - World Customs Organization

EuropeAid
Customs Capacity Building
European Union Perspective
Koos Richelle, DG EuropeAid
4 April 2007
EU and Commission aid implementation
EU the largest donor in the world
• 27 + 1 donors together responsible for 52% of
all development aid
• Total amount in 2005 €43 billion
Commission on its own:
• Second largest donor of humanitarian aid
after USA
• Fifth largest donor of development aid (after
USA, Japan, France and UK)
• Largest donor of trade related assistance
Based on OECD/DAC figures 2005
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EU policy context
Policies, instruments
• 2000 UN Millennium Development Goals,
fixing poverty reduction objectives for 2015
• 2005 OECD Paris Declaration, 60 recipients
and 50 donors on aid effectiveness
• 2005 European Consensus, the EU
development policy, tying both Member States
and Commission
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Aid implementation context
• EC works with more than 150 countries and
regions
• Aid implementation based on multi-annual
programming
• Not more than two sectors per country always
with attention for governance issues
• Priorities in accordance with national
development objectives (PRSPs/NDPs)
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EC – Trade Related Assistance (TRA)
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• New and growing area of assistance
• Increased importance since 2001 Doha
Development Agenda
Support to customs
• Mainly trade related assistance (trade facilitation)
• Some support through integrated border
management programmes
Increase in EC Trade Related Assistance
• EC commitment TRA 2001-2005: €4.3
billion, of this roughly €600 million for trade
facilitation
• Average commitments €870 million per year
TRA: 2001- 2005
1200
EUR million
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
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TRA distribution by Region
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TRA by region 2001-2005
+ E.Europe
C.Asia
8%
Enlargement
6%
ACP
38%
Western
Balkans
13%
Mediterranean
19%
ASIA
8%
LATIN
AMERICA
8%
• Largest beneficiary: African, Caribbean and
Pacific countries
• Focus on poverty reduction and LDCs
Key objectives of trade related assistance
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• Enhance effective participation in the
multilateral trading system, and on the related
policy and institutional reforms
• Promote sound macroeconomic and tax policy
framework, where trade benefits can foster
development
• Support greater competitiveness and
efficiency of the production system
• Support for regional economic integration
Trade Facilitation Key objectives
• Simplify, harmonise and automate import,
export and customs procedures
• Support developing countries in implementing
WTO commitments
• Address concerns of developing countries on
capacity building and technical assistance
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Trade Facilitation Main Features
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• Holistic approach to trade facilitation: trade
and investment, trade related transport
infrastructure, institutional strengthening, support
to private sector, customs
• Sometimes exclusive focus on trade
facilitation, but also trade facilitation as part
of wider TRA programmes
• All areas of cooperation covered, strong
regional differences
Trade Facilitation Instruments
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Classical implementation: TA/tenders
including contribution agreements with
international organizations (UNCTAD)
Contribution agreements with regional
organizations: promoting ownership;
increasing aid effectiveness; promoting donor
coordination; more policy dialogue and
results monitoring
Budget support: positive effect on aid
effectiveness, coherence; strengthens public
finance management and reinforces macroeconomic stability
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Trade Facilitation Per Region
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Western Balkans: strong experience with
customs projects, twinning
Asia: part of larger programmes, support to
increase with launch of ASEAN FTA
negotiations
Latin America: regional level, strengthen
customs union Andean Community, Mercosur
Africa, Caribbean, Pacific: regional level,
comprehensive to develop Customs Unions
(regional integration support programmes for
CEMAC and for West Africa, harmonisation of
customs for COMESA)
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Trade Facilitation Typical Actions (1)
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Harmonization, simplification of customs
procedures, including transit
Customs processing systems
interconnection ASYCUDA/UNCTAD: Central
Africa: FASTRAC (€12.5 million); SADC:
Customs modernization programme (€18
million); COMESA (ICT programme)
Joint border control posts West Africa
Training all regions
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Trade Facilitation Typical Actions (2)
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Regional networking Customs liaison
committees and exchange of experience
between regional organisations (ESA, SADC
and SACU regions)
Compensation mechanism for
implementation of Customs Union (Common
External Tariff) Free Trade Areas: West Africa
(9th EDF €30 million regional integration);
COMESA (regional integration mechanism:
nearly €80 million)
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Trade Facilitation Lessons Learnt
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Demand driven: Regional integration gives
strong impetus to trade facilitation
Locally owned: need for political will and
implementation structures. Customs reforms
may encounter strong resistance to change
Needs assessment: EC Diagnostic tool –
Customs Blueprints)
Institutional sustainability – local /
regional: short & long term support, role of
private sector
Flexibility: need to adapt to changing
circumstances
Co-ordination: coherence with activities of
other donors, reduce administrative burden
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Aid for Trade EU €2 billion per year
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• EU commitment by 2010: €1 billion EC, €1
billion member states, shows importance EU
places on building capacity in trade related areas
• Trade catalyst for growth and poverty
reduction in developing countries: in parallel
with domestic reforms in trade-related policies,
developing countries also need to enhance their
customs capacities, productive capacities,
remove supply side constraints, carry out
fiscal reforms in line with good governance in tax
area and upgrade infrastructure.
Concluding remarks
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• Development not through development alone,
need to promote economic growth
• EC committed to capacity building for economic
growth
• EC active in support of customs through support
for trade facilitation as part of TRA
• Significant investments since 2001, continued
through 2007-2013
• €2 billion per year from 2010 onwards
Better Customs, Freer Trade, Safer Borders, Better Societies
Enhancing the Global Dialogue on Capacity Building