Transcript Network

IT
Information Technology
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Types of computer
•Personal computer (PC)
•Laptop (portable computer)
•Main frame computer
•PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
(mobile phone)
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Personal Computer (PC)
• Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by
the day
• Typical users: Home user, Doctors ,
Education
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Mainframe Computer
• Very powerful computer and it often
connected to many individual PCs over
network
• Faster than PCs, used for processing large
amounts of data as salaries
• Very expensive
• Typical Users: Banks and Building
societies, Insurance (‫)تامين‬
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Laptop (portable computer)
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Laptop as PC in capacity
It is portable computer
Expensive than PC
Typical Users: Business users
PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)
• Much smaller storage capacity compared to
a PC
• Small enough to held in the palm of hand
• Typical users: Business users
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Hardware
Software
• Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical
components of your computer such as mouse,
keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM
• Software: is the collection of instruction the make
the computer work
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Hardware
CPU (central processing unit)
• Is one of the most important components
within your computer.
• It determine how fast your computer will run
and its function is to process data .
• Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZGHZ) (Hertz measure the frequency (‫التردد‬
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Computer Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile
• The operating system is loaded into the
Ram when the PC is switched on
• The contents of Ram disappear when the PC
is switched off
• The contents of Ram change constantly as
the PC is used
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ROM (Read only memory)
• Secondary memory / permanent or fixed
• It is a chip held on motherboard it
contains software that is required to
make your computer work with operating
system
• The contents of Rom are fixed during the
manufacture of the PC
• You cannot write to this type of memory
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Main part of computer
Input device
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Output device
Storage device
Input device
•Keyboard
•Mouse - trackball - touch Pad
•Scanner
•light pen
•Web came
•Digital camera
•Microphone
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•Joysticks
Output device
•Monitor
•Plotter (more complex drawing )
•Speaker
•Printer
Output & Input device
Touch screen
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Storage Capacity
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Bit
Byte = 8 bit
Kilobyte = 1024 byte
Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte
Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte
Terabyte = 1024 giga byte
Storage Devices
• Hard disk 40---350Gb
– fastest at accessing data
• Floppy disk 1.44Mb
– Slowest at accessing data
• Zip disk
100---750Mb
• CD
650---700Mb
• Tap Backup 2---100Gb
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Format
• Format is a special
software(system file) added
to unformatted disk so it can
store data
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Backup
• Copying your computer files onto a
separate storage device
• Keeping copies of data in two locations
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Computer performance
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Free space on Hard disk
Capacity of RAM
Speed of CPU
Quality of equipments is installed on PC
Number of application running
Software
Operating system
•Sets up the look and
feel of your computer
interface
•Control the hardware
and software of your
computer
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Application
•You can run more than
one at the same time
•This can be used to edit
data files
Operating system
• Collection of instructions That makes the
computer work
• Types of Operating system/OS
Dos
Windows
Unix
Linux
Mac
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Operating system main task
• Start up the computer
• Control all the Hardware
• Enable other programs to run
GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by
using mouse
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Application Software
• Word processing [creating letters – faxes – Memos
–– producing catalogue containing graphics –
business document]
• Excel Spreadsheet [Charts – financial projection –
working with budgets]
• Access database[sort large amount of information
– creating list of contact details ]
• PowerPoint presentation [create overhead
projections slides]
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• Accounting application[produce payroll –
Stock control‫]فحص المخزون‬
• Web browsing[View web pages]
• Multimedia Application [Interactive
learning Material and training material]
• Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper &
magazine layout]
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System development cycle
The development of computer based systems
can include a variety of steps, depending
largely on the size and type of the application,
but atypical development part includes :
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Analysis
Design
Programming
Testing
Work group computing
• The idea of work group is that group of
people working together can share their
resources with each other. People within the
work group can share information on their
hard disk as well as sharing printers
modems and scanners
• We can share files, disk storages,
application, disk spaces
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Network
Two or more computers connect
together and allow PCs to Share
information (files), disk storage and
resources as (printers).
1. Network by area
2. Network by user
3. Network by connection
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Network by area
LAN
 local Area Network
 Is system of individual pcs
are connecting to gather
within company or
organization .
 Authorized users can access
and data stored anywhere
on a LAN.
 Large data files can be
transferred computers
using a LAN.
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WAN
 Wide Area Network
 Allows pcs connect to
gather over a wide area
 Type of network that
links computers in
different cities or
countries
Network by users
Intranet & Extranet
Intranet
• An internal internet
using e-mail and web
within a single
origination and access
members of the same
company organization
to access it
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Extranet
• Internet between
organizations and
allow external users to
access it by username
and password.
Network by connection
Internet connection
• PSTN: public Switched telephone network
‫شبكه التليفون العامة‬
• ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network
‫ الخدمه التكاملية الرقميه‬it is a digital line used for
both voice and data
• ADSL: Asymmetric Digital subscriber line
‫خط اشتراك رقمي غير متماثل‬
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Internet
• Global collection of networked computers all over
the world
• A wide Area network of computers linked together
• No License is needed to publish material
• Providing search for information
• Providing service of e-mail [Electronic mail]
• E-commerce
Note: A network that grew out of the work of the
American military
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Requirements needed to
connect to internet
• Telephone line
• ISP : [Internet service provider]
• Modem [14.4Kbps to56.6Kbps] convert
digital and analog signals
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WWW (world wide web)
• Refers to vast collection of linked
documents .
• Small part of internet.
• A vast collection of linked documents held
on computers all over the world .
• Can accessed using a web browser.
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E-commerce (Electronic commerce)
• Buy or sell good and services online
anywhere in the world .
• The consumer rights of the supplier’s
country apply.
• It’s more difficult to return goods purchased
online than goods bought in a shop.
• You are at risk from insecure payment
methods.
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Teleworking
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work at home by using computers.
Greater ability to focus on one task.
Reduce office desk space.
Increase flexibility of working hours.
Need self control.
Makes it harder to socially interact with
team members.
Computer in every day life
Computer in business
Business Administration ‫ادارة االعمال‬
 Administer employee payroll ‫ادارة قائمة الرواتب‬
 Track invoices ‫تعقب اوامر الشراء‬
 Manage payment record ‫ادارة سجالت الدفع‬
Online Banking ‫الصرافة‬
 Check Balance )an accounts ) ‫فحص الميزانيات‬
 Transfer Founds ‫تحويل االموال‬
 Apply for Loans ‫طلب القروض‬
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Airline booking ‫حجز تذاكر الطيران‬
Check ticket availability ‫فحص التذاكر المتاحة‬
Purchase tickets ‫شراء التذاكر‬
List customers’ dietary needs ‫وضع نظام لحماية‬
‫العمالء‬
Check Time Table ‫فحص الجداول الزمنية‬
Insurance Claims Processing ‫متطلبات عمليات‬
‫التأمين‬
Check policy Details‫مراجعة تفاصيل وثيقة التأمين‬
Provide quotes for premium ‫توفير بيانات عن قيمة‬
‫االقساط‬
Analysis statistics to estimate premiums ‫تحليل‬
‫االحصائيات لتقدير أقساط التأمين‬
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• Computer in government
 Public Information ‫معلومات عامة‬
Income tax payment ‫تحصيل ضريبة‬
‫الدخل‬
Television license payment ‫جمع اجور ترخيص‬
‫القنوات الفضائية‬
Handle social welfare payment form ‫معالجة‬
‫تنظيم االنتعاش االجتماعى‬
 Public Record system‫تسجيل معلومات عامة‬
Store census record ‫احصاء السكان‬
Store passport detail‫تخزين تفاصيل جواز السفر‬
Vehicle registration listing ‫تسجيل رخص المرور‬
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 Administration systems ‫أنظمة الأدارة‬
Public health warning ‫تحذير الصحة العامة‬
Announce policy documents online ‫اعالن وثائق‬
‫سياسية‬
Notify citizens with government decisions
‫اعالن المواطنين بقرارات الحكومة‬
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• Computer in Hospital
 Patient record system ‫تسجيل المرضى‬
 Providing a medical database ‫التزويد بقاعدة بيانات طبية‬
 Medical History of patient ‫تتبع التاريخ العالجى‬
 Tracking treatment cost ‫تتبع تكاليف العالج‬
 Establishing bed availability ‫إحصاء عدد اآلسرة‬
• Computers in Education
 Student register ‫تسجيل الطالب‬
 Computer Based Training [CBT]‫التدريب القائم على الكمبيوتر‬
 Distance learning system ‫نظام التعلم عن بعد‬
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Computer & people
• Computer
– Can sort large amount of
data
– Can carry out complex
calculation accurately
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• People
– Customer service ‫خدمة‬
‫العمالء‬
– Taking decision ‫اتخاذ‬
‫القرارات‬
– Motivating the
staff‫تحفز فريق العمل‬
Environment, Health& safety
 relation between worker and their
environment
– Chair: adjustable, able to move up or down
– Screen : 1) eyes are at the same height as the top of screen
2) use filter attached to screen to reduce glare ( ‫)لخفض االشعاع‬
– Key board : Use Elbow and wrist support
– Feet : use foot pad to rest the feet
– Mouse : use mouse mate to make mouse easier
– Area is adequately light( ‫ )اضاءة جيدة‬and good ventilated ( ‫)تهوية جيدة‬
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Health Issues ‫قضايا الصحة‬
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Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking
frequent breaks from the work.) ‫(التقليل من االصابة باإلجهاد المتكرر‬
•
Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a
fully adjustable operator’s chair )‫)الحد من مخاطر آلم الرقبة والظهر والكتف‬
Environment or good use of computer
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Reuse the cartridge toner
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Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power
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Don’t waste paper
precautions (‫)احتياطات‬
1. Use safety and suitable cable
2. Power point are not over load and are near to computer
3. No run cables across open areas
4. Don’t touching internal parts of the PC
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Security
• Password
• contain letters and number
• Change regularly
• Ensures that the person logging on is who they say
they are
• ID (user name)
• Must be unique on the network
• Identify specific user on the network
• Not confidential
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organization's information
security policy ‫منظمه امن المعلومات‬
• PDA (Protect Data Act) ‫قانون حمايه البيانات‬
 Safe guard of individual privacy ‫حماية خصوصية االفراد‬
 Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data
 Protect the individual’s right to privacy ‫حماية الحقوق الشخصية‬
Obliges organizations to protect confidential data
within their control ‫يلزم المنظمات بحماية البيانات السرية‬
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Copyright legislation ‫قانون حماية‬
‫الملكية الفكرية‬
• You can’t copy someone’s work and buy it.
• Any material purchased on disk is
copyright.
• Scanned Images & Audio files & Graphics
on the web are subject to copyright
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Freeware & Shareware
•Freeware freely available
Software You can use it for free , you haven't
pay for it
•Shareware for trial period
Software you can try it for free but you have to pay if
you need to keep it.
It is illegal‫ غير قانونى‬if you copy and sell it .
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•Virus program damage files or hard disk
•Antivirus can detect and disinfect Virus
• Good Antivirus
 Check virus everyday.
Delete email from unknown source.
Putting a virus check in a floppy drive.
Regularly visiting the web sites of your anti
virus software supplier.
Running a virus check on an email attachment.
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