Transcript 幻灯片 1 - 北京邮电大学网络教学平台

Unit 10
Words Can Give
You Power
I. Warm-up activities
Discuss the following questions:
 1. Why do we need to enlarge our
vocabulary?
 2. How do we enlarge our vocabulary?
II. Essay Structures
Part 1 (Para 1)
Introduction: importance of
vocabulary development
 Part 2 (Paras 2--4)
Development: power of vocabulary in
one's economic,
academic and social life

Part 3 (Paras 5--6)
Development: suggestions for
vocabulary improvement
through reading
 Part 4
(Para 7)
Conclusion: one's vocabulary has a
great impact on one's life

III. Language points
1. impressive
adj. making a strong or vivid impression;
striking or remarkable:
e.g. an impressive ceremony
an impressive Olympic Games
impressively adv.
 impressiveness
n.

impress Vt.
1) to affect strongly, often favorably:
使感动; 强烈地且经常是有利地影响
e.g.
I wrote down whatever impressed me
during the journey.
I was impressed by the child's sincerity.
2) to produce or attempt to produce a vivid
impression or image of… 使铭记
e.g.
a scene that impressed itself on his memory
在他记忆中留下深刻印象的景象
try to impress the value of money on the
students. 试图让学生对钱的价值有个印象
 My father impressed on me the value of
hard work.
3) to mark or stamp with or as if with pressure
压印，把…压入
e.g.
impress a design on the hot wax
在热蜡上加盖设计图案
impress a mark on [upon] a surface
= impress a surface with a mark
在表面上打记号
impress
n.
盖印, 印记, 记号; 铭刻；印象, 痕迹, 特征
 the impress of one's personality
一个人的性格特征

Time has left its impress upon him.
时代给他留下了痕迹。
 bear the impress of genius 带有天才的
痕迹
impression
n.
Translate the following into Chinese:
1. I got the impression (that) they'd just had
an argument.
2. The police found an impression of a shoe
in the mud.
3. the second impression of the second
edition
4. He gave an impression of the minister,
which made us all laugh.
5. What I said made practically no
impression on him.
Keys:
1) 我感到他们刚刚争论过。
2) 警察发现一只鞋在泥地上的压痕
3) 再版第二次印刷
4) 他模仿那位部长令我们大家发笑。
5) 我的话对他简直不起作用。

2. characteristic
n. [C] a typical or noticeable quality 特点
e.g. We inherit from our parents many of
our physical characteristics.
There are a number of distinguishing
characteristics by which you can
identify a Hollywood epic.
adj. typical; representing a person’s or
thing’s usual character
典型的，表现人或物的特性的
e.g. Hostility towards outsiders is
characteristic of both human and nonhuman animals.
Sentimentality seems to be a characteristic
feature of all the writers of that period.

characteristically
adv.
He replied in characteristically robust style.
characterize
Vt.
1) to be typical of…
是…的特性
e.g. This kind of behavior characterizes the
criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。
A bold use of colour characterizes the
bedroom.
This election campaign has been
characterized by violence.
2) to describe the character of …
描述…的性格或特征
e.g. She characterized him as lazy and
selfish.
Both companies have characterized the
relationship as friendly.
characterization
n. = description
e.g. Shakespeare’s ~ of Shylock
3. common
adj.
1. belonging equally to or shared equally by
two or more; joint 共同的，共有的
e.g.
common interests
共同利益
This useful feature is common to both these
computers.
These characteristics are common to both
animals.

2. found or happening often; usual; 常见
的，平常的，普遍的
the common occurrence 常发生的事
most common causes of heart disease
 3. of no special quality, of the ordinary type
平凡的，一般的
a common sailor 一位普通的水手
a cure for the common cold


4. (derog.) rough in manner or appearance
and of low social class; vulgar
粗俗的，粗野的
a common-looking woman
a behavior that branded him as common.
在他身上打下烙印的粗俗行为
Phrases:
common sense
常识
have …in common
The oboe(双簧管) and the clarinet(单簧管)
have got certain features in common.
He had very little in common with his sister.
(= share little interests or experiences.)
4. grasp
V.t.
1) to take hold of or seize firmly, esp. with the
hands 抓牢，抓紧
e.g. Grasp the rope with both hands.
2) to succeed in understanding 理解，领会
e.g. grasp an argument /a person's meaning
领会论点[某人的意思]

3) to try or be eager to take 渴望抓住，
e.g. grasp an opportunity

grasp at sth. : reach for; try to take or hold
企图抓到；向…伸手
e.g. grasp at any opportunity
A man who grasps at too much may
lose everything.
贪得无厌的人, 可能毫无所得。
n. 紧握，紧抱；能力所及，把握，掌握；
理解力；(lit.) 控制，支配
Consider the meanings of “grasp”:
1) I kept her hand in my grasp.
2) Victory in the election was within her
grasp.
她在选举中稳操胜券。
3) Success is within our grasp.
4) This theory is beyond my grasp.
5) She seems to have a good grasp of the
theory.
6) Germany was once in the grasp of Nazis.


keep a firm grasp on…

Grasp all, lose all.
抓紧
[谚]贪多必失。
graspable adj. 能理解的, 可以懂的
5. predict
Vt. & Vi. to state, tell about, or make
known in advance, especially on the basis
of special knowledge. 预言，预告，预见
e.g.
They predict rain for tomorrow.
It is hard to predict what will happen next.


predictable adj. 可预言[报]的
unpredictable

predictably
adj.
adv.
e.g. Predictably, he was late.

predictability

predictive
n.
adj. 预言性的; 前兆的

prediction
n.
His prediction proved to be correct.
He made a prediction about the winner of
the football game.
He made a prediction that the sale of the
company will increase next year.
6. determine Vt. & Vi.
Figure out the meanings of “determine” in
the following sentences:
1) He determined to tell the journalist what
he knew about the accident.
2) His advice determined me to drink and
smoke no more.
3) The court determined that he was guilty of
murder.
4) The management committee determines
departmental policy.
5) The police are trying to determine the
cause of the accident.
6) Demand determines production.
Meanings of “determine” as Vt.:
1)& 2) to (cause to) form a firm intention or
decision (使)下决心; (使)作出决定
3) to end or decide, as by judicial action. 裁定
4)& 5) to establish or find out exactly, as after
consideration, investigation, or calculation.
确定，测定
6) to be the cause of; regulate 限定，支配；
规定，决定
Useful expressions
be determined to do sth.
决心做某事
 determine on/upon (doing) sth
决定
 determine sb. against sth.
使 某人决定不做某事
 determine sb. to do sth.
使某人决定做某事

determined
adj. 坚决的，决意的，
有决心的
e.g.
He is a very determined and strong-willed
person.
They are determined to continue working
when they reach retirement age.
Sandra was determined to become a
doctor and her persistence paid off.
determination
n. 决心；决定，确定，测定
e.g. They approached the task with
determination and energy.
The choice of a foster home was left to the
determination of the court.
The Chancellor emphasized his
determination to promote openness and
transparency in the Government's economic
decision-making.
7. impact
n.
1) a sudden and powerful effect that sth. has
on a situation, process, or person 影响,作用
e.g. They say they expect the meeting to
have a marked impact on the future of the
country.
When an executive comes into a new job,
he wants to quickly make an impact.
2) the force of one object hitting another
冲击力，撞击力
on impact: at the moment of hitting 碰撞时
e.g.
The plane is destroyed, a complete wreck:
the pilot must have died on impact.
The cup hit the wall and broke on impact.
Vt. & Vi.
1) affect 冲击，对…有影响
e.g. Such schemes mean little unless they
impact on people.
...the potential for women to impact the
political process.
2) hit with great force (fml) 撞击
e.g. the sharp tinkle of metal impacting on
stone
When a large object impacts the Earth, it
makes a crater.
8. represent
Vt.
1) act or speak officially for someone 代表
e.g. The general secretary may represent the
president at some official ceremonies.
The museum had several paintings
representing the artist's early style.
2) be a picture or statue of; show 描绘, 表现
This painting represents a hunting scene.
3) be a sign of , stand for 象征, 表示
A dove represents peace.
The bald eagle represents the United States.
Letters of the alphabet represents sounds.
4) be
是, 意味着, 相当于
This essay represents a considerable
improvement on your recent work.
represent sth to sb. : (fml) to express or
point out to sb. often angrily or
complainingly 愤怒地指出，抱怨地表示
e.g. You should represent your complaints to
the management. 向管理层陈述不满
represent …..as/ to be …
把...描绘成….；声称
e.g. He represented himself as/to be a friend
of the workers, but now we know the truth.
representative n. & adj.
be representative of the people 代表人民
Are your opinion representative of those of
other students?
a legal [personal] representative
遗嘱执行人, 法定代理人; 合法代表
 the house of Representatives
(美国及日本的)众议院

 representation
n. 代表; 描绘，象征
e.g. a coded representation
代码
a symbolic representation
象征性的图象, 象征物
This painting is a representation of a storm
at sea. 这幅画描绘的是海上的暴风雨。
They made representations (=complaints) to
the management about the working
conditions.