Transcript The Endocrine System

4.03/4.04
Remember the structures and
understand the functions of the
endocrine system
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4.03/4.04 Remember the structures and
understand the functions of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What are the structures of the endocrine
system?
What are the functions of the endocrine
system?
How do you relate the body’s hormones to the
endocrine system?
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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4.03 Remember the structures of
the endocrine system
*Gland (endocrine/exocrine)
any organ that produces a secretion
(hormone/chemical)
Endocrine glands -organized groups of
tissues that use materials from the
blood and lymph to make new
compounds called hormones
-also called ductless glands; the
hormones are secreted directly into the
blood stream
4.03 Remember the structures of the
endocrine system
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Exocrine glands
Another type of gland in which secretions must go
through a duct.
-the duct carries the secretion to a body surface or
organ
-exocrine glands include sweat, salivary,
lacrimal, and pancreas
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Function of the Endocrine System
Human behavior is shaped by the endocrine
system and the nervous system working
together.
*Hormone release provides immediate body
responses because the hormones are directed
toward target organ cells.
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Functions of the
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Hormone Control (negative
feedback)
Occurs when there is a drop in the
level of a hormone.
The drop triggers a chain reaction of
responses to increase the
amount of hormone in the blood.
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Major glands of the endocrine
system
1. Pituitary
2. Pineal
3. Thyroid
4. Parathyroid
5. Thymus
6. Adrenals
7. Gonads
8. Pancreas
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The *Pituitary Gland
Known as : The Master Gland because of it’s major
influence on the body’s activities
Size of a grape
*Located at the base of the brain
4.03 Remember the structures of the
endocrine system
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The Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland
and its hormones
*Anterior lobe –
produces 6 hormones
*Posterior lobe –
produces 2 hormones
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endocrine system
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Anterior Pituitary Lobe
1. *Growth hormone (GH)
responsible for growth and development
* also helps fat to be used as energy, saving
glucose and helping to maintain blood sugar
levels.
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Anterior Pituitary Lobe
2. *Prolactin Hormone
develops breast tissue and stimulates the
production of milk after childbirth
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Anterior Pituitary Lobe
3. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the growth and secretion of the thyroid
gland
4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal
cortex
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Anterior Pituitary Lobe
5. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates the growth of the graafian follicle and the
production of estrogen in females, and stimulates the
production of sperm in the male.
6. Luteinizing hormone
Stimulates the growth of the graafian follicle and the
production of estrogen and the formation of the corpus
luteum after ovulation, which produces progesterone
in the female. In the male, it is necessary for the
production of testosterone.
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*Posterior Pituitary Lobe
1.Vasopressin – Anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH)
Maintains water balance by
reducing urinary output
2.*Oxytocin
Promotes milk ejection and causes
contraction of the smooth
muscles of the uterus
*a synthetic derivative of this
hormone (oxytocin) could be
given to induce labor
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders
of the endocrine system
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Pineal Gland
• Located in the 3rd ventricle in the brain
• Small pinecone shaped organ
• Produces the hormone melatonin.
• There are no clear answers as to the function of
melatonin; however, melatonin causes body
temperature to drop.
Falling asleep is associated with lowered body
temperature.
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*Thyroid Gland
- Butterfly shaped
-
-
-Located in the anterior neck
on either side of the larynx,
over the trachea
*Secretes thyroxine,
triiodothyronine, and
calcitonin
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endocrine system
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Thyroid Gland
Thyroxine – controls the rate of cellular
metabolism, heat production, and oxidation of
all cells.
Calcitonin – Maintains proper calcium level in the
bloodstream
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Parathyroid Glands
-Four glands; Size of a grain of
rice
-Attached to the posterior thyroid
-Secretes the hormone
parathormone which, like
calcitonin, also controls the
concentration of calcium in
the bloodstream.
4.03 Remember the structures of the
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*Thymus Gland
-Serves both the endocrine system
and the lymphatic system
-*Located under (posterior) the
sternum
-Large during childhood but
disappears with age. (puberty)
-Secretes hormone, thymosin, which
helps to stimulate the lymphoid cells
that are responsible for the
production of T cells, which fight
certain diseases
*The thymus is critical to the
development of the immune
system
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the endocrine system
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*Adrenal Gland
There are two adrenal glands.
-*One is located on top of each kidney.
- *Each gland has two parts:
1. *Cortex – outside (stimulated by ACTH) –
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
are known as corticoids which are very
effective as anti-inflammatory drugs.
The cortex secretes 3 groups of corticoids:
*Mineralocorticoids-aldosterone (reabsorption)
*Glucocorticoids-increase glucose in the blood
*Androgens (male sex hormones)
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of the endocrine system
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Adrenal Gland
2. *Medulla – inside – secretes epinephrine (adrenalin),
a powerful cardiac stimulant, and norepinephrine.
*The adrenal medulla responds to the sympathetic
nervous system. The hormones produced are
referred to as the “fight-or-flight” hormones,
because they prepare the body for an emergency.
The adrenalin (EPINEPHRINE) causes the heart
rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure to
increase, and mental alertness increases.
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Gonads
Sex glands
Testes (male) – responsible for
producing sperm and the hormone
testosterone.
- Produced by the interstitual cells of
the testes, *testosterone is responsible
for the development of the male
reproductive organs and secondary
male characteristics. (beard and body
hair, deepening of the voice, increase
in musculature, and the production of
sperm.)
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Sex glands:
Gonads
Ovaries (female) – responsible
for producing the ova or egg and
the hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
*Estrogen – stimulates the
development of the reproductive
organs, including the breast, and
secondary sex characteristics
such as pubic and axillary hair,
prepares for menstruation.
Progesterone – works with
estrogen to build up the lining of
the uterus for the fertilized egg
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*Pancreas
*Located behind the stomach;
also a digestive organ
Both an endocrine and
exocrine gland
The endocrine portion is
involved in the production of
insulin (regulates blood
glucose) by the B cells of the
Islets of Langerhans
*Contains the Islets of
Langerhans-specialized cells
in the pancreas that produce
insulin
*Lack of insulin secretion by the
islet cells causes diabetes
4.03 Remember the structures of the
mellitus.
endocrine system
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4.03 Remember Structures of the
endocrine system
4.04 Understand the Functions of the
endocrine system
4.03 Remember the structures of the
endocrine system
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