Transcript PRETERIT / PRESENT PERFECT / PAST PERFECT - iut

PRETERIT /
PRESENT PERFECT /
PAST PERFECT
Back to basics…
« You are watching BBC world . These are the top stories :
Another plane …………………… (to crash ) »
« Another plane has crashed ».
L’évènement n’est pas daté . On ne s’intéresse pas au récit ,
mais on fait un bilan dans le présent des derniers évènements.
A Germanwings plane carrying 150 people
………………………(crash) into the French Alps
on Tuesday 24th March.
Évènement daté (on Tuesday March 24)
→
preterit « crashed »
No one ……………………..(survive) the crash.
BILAN – ce qui nous intéresse ici n’est pas l’évènement
en soi mais ses conséquences dans le présent
→ PRESENT PERFECT = HAVE + V-ED
« has survived »
What exactly happened on the day of the flight?
Germanwings Flight 9525, an Airbus A320,…………… (depart)
from Barcelona en route to Dusseldorf on Tuesday morning.
Around 30 minutes into the flight, the plane
…………. (reach) a cruising altitude of 38,000 feet when it
………………………(begin) to descend rapidly at a rate of 3,000
feet per minute.
Ten minutes later, the plane………………… (crash) in a remote
area of the French Alps.
Story-telling → preterit : « departed » « began » - « crashed »
Flash-back in the story : past perfect
« had reached »
Cf Le vol avait atteint son altitude de
croisière quand il a commencé ….


Investigators… (reveal) this morning that the co-pilot
…………deliberately ……………(crash) the plane into the
Alps, killing 150 people.
Apparently the man……………… (suffer) from mental
illness
Investigators revealed this morning that the co-pilot had
deliberately crashed the plane into the Alps, killing 150 people.
Apparently the man suffered from mental illness
Rescuemen ……(search) for the 2nd black box for the last six days but
they……. (not find) it yet.
Action débutée dans le passé et qui se prolonge dans le présent (cf
ils cherchent la 2ème boîte noire depuis 6 jours)
= present perfect ( HAVE + V-ed)
They have searched for …
OR
They have been searching for … ( forme progressive
pour insister sur la pénibilité de l’action)
DEPUIS = FOR (« ça fait trois jours / un an que …. ») / SINCE
(point de départ)
« They have not found it yet » = ils ne l’ont pas encore
trouvée.
On fait un bilan au moment présent → present perfect
MAKE YOUR CHOICE !
I studied / have studied German
for three years when I was in high
school but I forgot / have
forgotten everything. I can hardly
say a word now, it’s pathetic …
I
STUDIED ENGLISH FOR THREE YEARS WHEN
HIGH SCHOOL BUT
I
I
HAVE FORGOTTEN EVERYTHING.
CAN HARDLY SAY A WORD NOW, IT’S PATHETIC
I
STUDIED
:
I
WAS
HAVE FORGOTTEN
PROCESSUS
…)
:
DONC PRETERIT
CE QUI COMPTE N’EST PAS LE
/ L’ACTION
(= JE SUIS
PARLER) → BILAN
PRÉSENT
…
I
ACTION DATÉE PAR UN COMPLÉMENT DE
TEMPS (WHEN
I
WAS IN
EN SOI MAIS L’IMPACT DANS LE
MAINTENANT INCAPABLE DE
I worked / have worked in this
company for two months but I
still don’t know everybody in the
department. I should try to
socialize a little …
I have worked in this company for
two months but I still don’t know
everybody in the department.
I have worked = action commencée
dans le passé et qui se poursuit dans
le présent
« je travaille dans cette entreprise
DEPUIS … »
When I saw him, I realised how much
he has changed / changed / had
changed .
When I saw him, I
realised how much he had
changed .
« had changed » : past
perfect pour marquer
l’antériorité par rapport
au moment de la
rencontre
« I’ve always believed / I always
believed that men are created
equal. But apparently, some are
more equal than others.»
« I’ve always believed that
men are created equal. But
apparently, some are more
equal than others »
I believed so in the past and I
still do in the present
→lien avec le présent :
present perfect
You left / have left all the
lights on again ! I can’t
image how much the
electricity bill will be with
you …
You have left all the lights on
again ! I can’t image how much
the electricity bill will be with
you …
« You have left » : what matters
is the consequence (=we’re going
to have to pay a lot for the
elctricity)
→ CONSEQUENCE
I was / have been in a band for
two years but we split up / have
split up. I play music on my own
now.
I was in a band for two years but we
have split up. I play music on my
own now.
I was : situation révolue – ils ne sont
plus ensemble (« for » = pendant)
We have split up : what matters is the
consequence – they are no longer
together and he now plays on his own.
- I knew / have known her
for long. She is a good friend
of mine .And you ?
- I’ve just met / I just met
her. We haven’t talked /
didn’t talk much yet.
- I have known her for long. She is
a good friend of mine .And you ?
- I’ve just met her. We haven’t
talked much yet.
- I have known : « DEPUIS »
- Just + present perfect : passé très
proche ( « je viens de … »)
- Present perfect + « not …yet » : pas
encore → BILAN