Transcript Chap 24 – Urinary System

Chap 24 –
Urinary System
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Learning Objectives
Describe the basic anatomy of
the urinary system.
Describe the gross anatomy of
the kidney.
Describe the anatomy of a
nephron and its role in filtration.
Explain the formation of dilute
versus concentrated urine.
Describe the normal physical
and chemical properties of urine.
List several abnormal urine
components, and name the
condition characterized by the
presence of detectable amounts
of each.
PREDICT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
How many 2L bottles full of fluid
do your kidneys filter every day
from the bloodstream?
10
30
60
80
100
Discussion
What kind of stuff do our kidneys filter?
Focus on Kidney Disease
There are many diseases that threaten the
kidneys. Lets hear one family’s story:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2
528912072005025327&q=kidney+dialysis
&total=114&start=20&num=10&so=0&type
=search&plindex=5
Other Diseases
What are kidney stones?
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6
428245723031764349&q=kidney+stones&
total=225&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=s
earch&plindex=2
Chemical Composition of Urine
Water = ___
Solutes & nitrogenous wastes = ___
- Urea (normal breakdown of amino acids)
- Uric acid (end product of nucleic acid
metabolism)
- Creatine (from skeletal muscle/ ATP
useage)
- Na+, K+, ammonia, etc.
Physical Characteristics of Urine
• Color & Transparency
Clear – Pale – Deep Yellow
Yellow color due to pigment _________
(results from bodys destruction of
hemoglobin (via bilirubin and bile)
Ph = __
Abnormal Urinary Constituents, pg 900
1. Glucose – glycosuria as in ________
2. Protein – proteinuria which could indicate heart
failure, severe hypertension or ___________
3. Ketone – ketonuria may indicate __________
4. Bile – bilirubinuria may indicate ___________
5. RBC’s – hematuria may be a sign of _______
in the urinary tract
6. WBC’s – pyuria may indicate ________ in the
urinary tract
Alternative Use For Urine?
• Ecological Sanitation in Romania –
successful results from testing
urine as fertilizer
• Human urine from a school's urinediverting toilets proves to be an
excellent fertilizer for a maize field
“In spring 2005, the urine of the
schoolchildren - after septization
through storing - was used as a
fertilizer on a maize field of the local
medical doctor. The doctor is
extremely satisfied with the results.
Urine is an excellent fertilizer. The
quality of the maize which had been
given urine was much better than the
maize which had not been given
urine.”
Urinary System
• ______ - ‘star of the
show’; main organ of
filtration and water
balance
• ______ – slender tubes
that take urine from the
kidneys to the bladder
• ______ - smooth,
collapsible muscular
sac that temporarily
stores urine
• ______ - thin-walled
muscular tube that
drains urine out of the
body
NOTE the position of the renal
artery & vein
Structure of the Bladder
3 layers:
_______ - smooth muscle
layer (means ‘thrust out”)
Epithelium called
_____________
Fibrous layer or
_____________
Also has spinchters
___________ - area with openings for ureters and
urethra