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PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT EVALUATION: Approaches to Assessing Development Effectiveness An International Conference in Africa for policy-makers, program managers, evaluators, sponsors and other stakeholders in evaluation and development Sunday 29 March – Thursday 2 April 2009 Participatory Assessment of Conservation and Livelihood Indicators in Congo Forest Basin Sangha Group Dominique Endamana, Louis Defo, Antoine Eyebe, Jeffrey Sayer, Manuel Ruiz Perez, Intu A. Boedhihartono, Cléto Ndikumagenge, Kamiss Ami SUMMARY - Context - Steps towards Assessing Landscape performance - Methodological Approach - Tools - Results - Conclusion CONTEXT - TNS 45 200 sq km is one of the 12 priorities landscapes in Congo Basin Forest - Managed by 03 countries Cameroon, Central Africa Republic and Congo Republic - Conservation and development activities are coordinated mainly by the Congo Basin Forest Partnership with CARPE and COMIFAC - Importance of for African dense forest biodiversity - Key technical partners include WWF, IUCN, CIFOR, WCS, GTZ… Steps towards Assessing TNS Landscape performance Congo 2007 Cameroon 2006 CAR 2005 Cameroon 2004 Launching assessment landscape approach: Concepts & theories Selection of fist set of monitoring indicators and field testing of methodolog y Refinement of methodology and practical orientation Visualisation of Cameroon and CAR tacking tools Simulation, Integration and linkages of existing tracking tools with priority objectives of other ongoing programmes (IUCN-LLS CARPE, COMIFAC… ) CAR 2008 Integration of Governance aspect in current monitoring model development of guidelines of landscape management and performance assessment DATA COLLECTION PRIMARY DATA Listening Learning Sharing LLS DATA COLLECTION • Review of report of specific studies • Review of report activities of partners (WWF, Local NGOs, WCS, GTZ , local Gov) • Ecological and socioeconomic monitoring report 6 TOOLS Local Natural Asset Unit of measurement Score Availability of NTFP Perception of abundance [1-5] Availability of wildlife resources Perception of abundance [1-5] Incidence of bush fire Perception of importance [1-5] Process of certification/Progress on sustainable management forest % forest concession certified [1-5] Pollution/waste liquid Perception of pollution [1-5] Condition of water courses Perception of state water course [1-5] Global natural asset Unit of measurement Rate of deforestation Percentage [1-5] Population of elephant Number of elephant [1-5] Populations of grate apes (Gorilla) Number of GA/gorilla [1-5] Population of Bongo Number of Bongo [1-5] Condition of other biodiversity element Perception of abundance [1-5] Score TOOLS Social asset Unit of measurement Score Functioning of organizations for NRM Perception on functionality [1-5] CBNRM initiative Number of village in co management process [1-5] State governance (state institution effective and effectiveness) Perception of effectiveness of institution [1-5] Traditional governance (litigation, conflict, participation of all social components in community affair, effectiveness of village chief...) Percentage of litigations solved by traditional chief [1-5] Corruption perception( public and private sector) Perception of corruption [1-5] Associative activity level Percentage of HH adhere to association [1-5] implication progress of indigenous people (Baaka, Baka) in CBNRM Number of partnership with IP [1-5] Participation of baka for taking decision Percentage of pygmies involved in local taking decision [1-5] Use of forestry tax Percentage of forest royalties invested in social infrastructure [1-5] TOOLS Human Asset Unit of measurement Score Heath access Number of physician per inhabitant [1-5] Quality of education Number of qualified teacher per pupils [1-5] Number of person with technical and professional qualification Percentage of employment to locals [1-5] Morbidity Children rate Comparison to national average [1-5] Adoption by youth of traditional value on SNRM (rites, ceremonies, traditional) Adoption rate [1-5] Usage of traditional medicine Perception on predominance [1-5] Physical Asset Unit of measurement Cassava machine Percentage of village with 01 machine for 500 persons [1-5] Habitat quality Percentage with zinc roof [1-5] Number of water source supply Percentage of village with improved water source [1-5] Accessibility Time of travel [1-5] National tourism infrastructure Number of tourist per year [1-5] Sport hunting permit Number of permit per year [1-5] Transformation wood industry Number of job created [1-5] Trend of price of 3 first necessity food Perception of trend [1-5] Score Example of score measurement of social indicators Score Social asset 5 4 3 2 1 CBNRM initiative Co management Co management operational at least operational at 2 3 villages villages Co management operational at 1 villages State governance (state institution effective and effectiveness) Very important Adequate support support of the from the administration to the administration in respect of the laws elaboration and and rules validation Low support Little support from from the the administration administration in Major barrier in the in the elaboration the elaboration elaboration and and signature and signature signature of file Traditional governance (litigation, conflict, participation of all social components in community affair, effectiveness of village chief...) More than 90% of 70-90% of litigations are solved litigations are by the traditional solved by the chief traditional chief 50-70% of litigations are solved by the traditional chief 20-50% of litigations are solved by the traditional chief Less than 20% of litigations are solved by the traditional chief Corruption perception( public and private sector) Inexistent current generalised Very generalised Associative activity level 50-70% of the 90-100% of the 70-90% of the households households adhere households adhere adhere to an to an association to an association association 20-50% of the households adhere to an association Less than 20% of the households adhere to an association Use of forestry tax 20-50% of 90-100% of forestry 70-90% of forestry 50-70% of forestry forestry tax are tax are invested in tax are invested in tax are invested in invested in the the social the social the social social infrastructure infrastructure infrastructure infrastructure some cases isolated Initiation of process Zero progress less than 20% of forestry tax are invested in the social 10 infrastructure RESULTS MOD Indicators 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2007 2008 2006 4 2 0 2007 2008 2006 Water infrastructure TNS 2.0 0.0 2007 2.0 2007 2008 2007 2007 2 2008 2006 2.0 2007 2007 4 2 2008 4.0 2.0 0.0 2006 2008 2008 Road infrastructure CAR 2006 2007 4.0 2.0 0.0 2006 2007 2008 2008 Road infrastructure TNS Habitat quality TNS 4.0 2007 0 2006 2008 0.0 2006 2008 4 Education TNS 4.0 2007 0 2006 2 Habitat quality CAR 2 2008 0.0 2006 2008 4 Health TNS echelle sur 5 4.0 2007 4 0 2006 0 echelle sur 5 2006 echelle sur 5 echelle sur 5 echelle sur 5 echelle sur 5 0 2 Education CAR Health CAR 2 4 0 0 2006 Road infrastructure Cameroon echelle sur 5 2 Water infrastructure CAR 4 echelle sur 5 2 4 echelle sur 5 2 4 Road Infrastructure Habitat quality Cameroon Education Cameroon echelle sur 5 4 Habitat echelle sur 5 Health Cameroon echelle sur 5 echelle sur 5 Water infrastructure Cameroon Education echelle sur 5 Heath echelle sur 5 Water Access 2006 2007 122008 Cameroon 2006 Local Natural Asset 5 Physical Asset Global Natural Asset 3 1 Human Asset Social Asset Cameroon 2007 Local Natural Asset 5 Physical Asset 1 Human Asset Social Asset Physical Asset Human Asset 1 Social Asset Physical Asset Social Asset Human Asset 3 1 Social Asset Local Natural Asset 5 Physical Asset Global Natural Asset 3 1 Human Asset Social Asset TNS 2008 Local Natural Asset 5 Global Natural Asset 1 Human Asset TNS 2007 Local Natural Asset 5 3 1 Global Natural Asset 3 CAR 2008 Global Natural Asset 3 Human Asset TNS 2006 Physical Asset Physical Asset Local Natural Asset 5 Global Natural Asset 3 Social Asset Local Natural Asset 5 CAR 2007 Local Natural Asset 5 Physical Asset 1 Human Asset CAR 2006 Global Natural Asset 3 Cameroon 2008 Local Natural Asset 5 Global Natural Asset Social Asset Physical Asset Human Asset 3 1 Global Natural Asset Social Asset 13 Local Natural Asset Vs Development Global Natural Asset Vs Development 5 5 4 Development Development 4 3 TNS08 3 TNS08 TNS07 TNS07 TNS06 TNS06 2 2 1 1 1 2 3 Global Natural 4 5 1 2 3 Local natural • In general the trends of change are slow • Change in natural assets is slower than change in development assets • Conflict between global and local natural assets 4 5 CONCLUSION • Assess conservation and development flow benefit in Forest Congo • Approach using assist conservation agencies to develop monitoring framework • This approach help local people and outside advisers to better share their understanding of the problem and issues and to work closely for the same vision • Communication with decision makers and flight against corruption • Framework of discussion and negotiation between main stakeholders • Conflict between local natural and global natural asset • Build partnership with private sector PARTNERS OF IMPLEMENTATION Programme Régional de l’Afrique Centrale pour L’Environnement MEFE CSO GTZ CBO 16