Transcript Document

MOPAC CHALLENGE
11th DECEMBER 2014
PERFORMANCE – INTRUSIVE TACTICS
1
Scope
Main areas: Taser, Firearms, Stop & Search, Covert Policing
Intrusive Tactics:
- challenge public opinions
- often thought to intrude into a persons liberty
- most likely to receive media attention, public scrutiny & complaints
- linked to when police officers could overstep their use of lawful intervention
- carry a higher range of associated risk/harm
Key questions:
How often are we using Intrusive Tactics?
Are we using them appropriately?
2
PERFORMANCE DASHBOARD
< Please see online tool >
The Dashboard is…
• A high level tool
• Will allow the public to have an overview of performance
• Presents data not previously readily accessible
3
Stop & Search is reducing & Arrest Rate is rising
Reminder from the Dashboard…
• Volume of PACE & section 60 searches reduced 32% (321,012 in Nov 12-Oct 13 to 218,491 Nov 13-Oct 14).
• Arrest rate rising, from 8% in Jan 2012 to 18% in Oct 2014
• Nearly all boroughs (31
of 32) have seen a
reduction in stops.
• Westminster - greatest
Stop & Search (16,951),
but still a reduction of 40%
(11,131 stops) on the
previous CY.
• Only Lambeth has seen
an increase (10,409 to
13,714).
• Islington have the highest
arrest rate – 22.6%
• 7 boroughs are above the
MPS 20% arrest rate target.
• The lowest arrest rate is
seen in Southwark, at 15%.
Source: MPS Stops MMR (PD522) October 2014. Comparisons Nov 2012-Oct 13 against Nov 2013-Oct 14.
MPS aims - to achieve 20% of all
Stop & Searches resulting in an
arrest.
MOPAC targets – Weapon search
are 20% & Key Crimes are 40% of
all searches.
KEY
• Map colour grading:
number of stop &
searches in 2013-14.
Darker = more use.
• + Plus or - Minus
figures within the map:
indicate
increase/decrease upon
4
FY2012-13
Londoners support Stop & Search: how it's conducted is key
• 75% of London residents agree with the use of Stop & Search. PAS younger groups (16-24 yrs) are less
supportive of the police being able to use Stop & Search. However, over half (56%, n=6626 of 11,899) of 1115 year olds agreed the police should be allowed to stop people.
• Most residential Londoners & the majority of surveyed youth have not experienced a stop themselves
(2013-14) just 3.2% of Londoners report being 'stopped by the police during the last 12 months'; 83%,
n=9900 never been stopped themselves).
• Generally - those stopped have a more negative view of police & lower levels of confidence (people
stopped average 16% points less confident than those not stopped).
• Stop & Search is related to recent criminal activity – in one month 60% of individuals S&S could be
identified through PNC or CRIS. The majority with a PNC id (85%) had a recorded sanction (47% within the
last year). This group had an average of 9 previous sanctions.
• Differences in how youth and BME individuals experience S&S - of the youth who had been stopped, 37%
(n=734) stated they were not told why & 63% (n=1258) thought there was no good reason for the tactic
being used. Other survey data indicate BME groups less likely to receive a full explanation and less likely to
report being fully treated with respect than white.
• Most important aspect for all groups - police have a good reason to use the tactic & treat people politely
during the procedure.
Sources: MPS PAS Q3 13-14 - Q2 14/15 – 7,876 of 10,543 residents; Evidence & Insight survey – Youth Talk (2013) Youth Talk: The Voice of Young London.
Internal MPS report; Bradford, B. (2011). Assessing the impact of police-initiated stop powers on individuals and communities: the UK picture; Morrell et al
(2011) and Riot Victims Panel (2011) as cited from Three Days in August (2011).
5
Taser deployments does not mean they have been ‘fired’
Understanding the data…
• Taser use is counted by 'deployments' - does not refer to when it is fired.
• Deployments split into 7 categories. ‘Passive’ means force is not physically applied to the person.
• One officer carrying out any of the 7 constitute a 'deployment'/use.
Two officers carrying out any (e.g. 1 draws & 1 aims) on the same person will count as 2
'deployments' but 1 incident.
• Taser deployment figures also do not indicate the number of individuals involved. For example, 5
Taser officers who enter a premises with Tasers drawn to search for a suspect will result in 5
deployments, but only one individual/subject.
'Passive' use
Drawn: Removed from holster.
Aimed: Pointed at an individual/subject.
Red Dot: Pointed at an individual/subject with red dot laser sight active, so red dot appears.
Arced: No cartridge attached. Taser switched on & trigger squeezed. Electric current arcs on front of Taser.
Applied physical force
Fired: Cartridge attached. Taser switched on & trigger squeezed causing cartridge to fire.
Drive Stun: No cartridge attached. Front of Taser placed against subject & activated/arced.
Angled drive stun: Cartridge on. After an ineffective firing (barb placements too close together or failure of
one barb to attach) , front of Taser placed on subject away from the barbs & Taser activated
More deployments, but more officers & fewer firings
Dashboard shows us…
• Large increase in deployments, but firings decreased from 2013 (2,110 Taser deployments with 12%, 247
fired) compared to 2012 (755Taser deployments with 18%, 136 fired.
• Increase in usage (2012 to 2013) proportionate to the increase in officers trained to use it.
• By August 2013 approximately 4,000 Taser trained officers across the MPS. This equates to 13% of
warranted officers.
By
September
2014 there
was a total of
992
deployments
with a 11.5%
firing rate.
Source: MPS Portfolio & Planning. Data from SC&O22 Performance Unit.
Officers in different roles have different deployment & firing rates
• Majority of Taser deployments attended by borough officers (77%, 1661 of 2158, 2013 deployments).
• Firearms officers (AFOs) more likely to be involved in incidents when Taser is fired (2013 – 32% for AFOs
compared with 12% for BOCUs & 4% for Territorial Support Group (TSG)).
Lambeth have a high proportion
of specialist officers deploying,
whereas Richmond only have
borough officers deploying.
Need to remember…
Taser tactical use is different
depending on officer role
- Firearms officers use it as a less
than lethal alternative at serious
incidents.
- Borough officers may perceive a
higher level of threat. They are
deployed in pairs, so will often
have multiple deployments per
individual/subject.
Borough deployment variations - viewed with the understanding more than 1 officer can deploy at 1 incident/subject (e.g. 3 officers drawing on 1 person = 3 deployments).
Source: MPS SC&O22 Performance Data. 2013 CY.
8
Likelihood of a Taser being fired is broadly similar by gender, ethnicity & age
Angled Drive Stun
Fired
Drive Stun
Arced
Red Dot
Aimed
Drawn
100%
• Demographic information – historically difficult to monitor.
• Deployment does not mean individuals e.g. can have 4 deployments on the same 1 White Male.
• Mental Health - not mandatory unless fired &/or observable injuries e.g. self harm. Freetext
data. Generic flag is officers interpretation of emotional distress, mental health need or a
defined mental illness.
• 2014 data – will now count individuals.
0%
100%
1%
14%
12%
12%
0%
1%
0%
90%
90%
13%
0%
1%
17%
10%
1%
12%
Angle
80%
Angled Drive Stun
80%
Fired
Fired
70%
Drive Stun
Arced 60%
70%
60%
0%
49%
55%
54%
Drive
51%
57%
60%
Arced
54%
Red D
Red Dot
50%
Aimed
Drawn
40%
6%
30%
20%
31%
8%
10%
10%
0%
8%
9%
20%
25%
24%
Drawn
40%
30%
8%
8%
Aimed
50%
27%
17%
6%
22%
25%
0%
Female
Base size = 35
Male
Total
Base size = 589
Base size = 647
White
Base size = 309
Asian
Base size = 46
Black
Base size = 230
Total
Base size = 647
• Taser deployments on females – no more likely to result in a firing, but are far lower.
• No significant difference in firing rate between three largest ethnicity groups.
9
Source: MPS SC&O22 Performance Data. 2014 CY to date to
18th
June.
Likelihood of a Taser being fired is broadly similar by gender, ethnicity & age
• Deployments similar across ages. Under 18s - lower firing rate.
•Deployment appear more highly linked to levels of threat/potential harm.
•Sep 2011 - August 2012 figures indicate 42% (78 of 186) incidents flagged as EMD (Emotional or Mental
Distress). May illustrate wider considerations influencing use.
100%
90%
80%
70%
Angled Drive Stun
Fired
60%
Drive Stun
50%
Arced
Red Dot
40%
Aimed
Drawn
30%
20%
10%
0%
Under 18
Base size = 56
18-24
25-34
Base size = 186 Base size = 204
35-44
Base size = 95
45-54
Base size = 63
55-64
Base size = 19
65 or over
Base size = 2
Total
Base size = 647
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Source: MPS SC&O22 Performance Data. 2014 CY to date to 18th June.
Firearms operations are reducing & police shots fired remain very low
Reminder from the Dashboard…
• Authorised firearms operations are reducing – 1,703 in 2010 to 1,203 in 2013.
• Although consistently higher - firearms related calls are also reducing – 6,249 in 2010 to 4,222 in 2013.
• Since 2005 (to Oct 2014) there have been 10 fatalities.
• There are wide borough variations, increases/decreases across the years.
Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
Jan-Oct 2014
Total number of SC&O19 ARV
SC&O19 ARV
Firearms
deployments
related calls
12908
6249
12138
4939
13020
4390
13262
4222
10034
3485
SC&O19 ARV Non- Authorised Firearms
Firearms related
Operations within
calls
MPD
Gun Crime Offences Gun Discharges Firearms Seizures Shots Fired
6659
1703
3017
670
1
7199
1387
2430
543
4
8630
1182
1987
421
5
9040
1203
1733
312
155
10
6549
636
1336
264
127
4
11
Source: MPS SC&O19 Performance: 2010-2014 (end of October).
Firearms appear to be appropriately used, but officers need support…
• Survey (2,035 responses - over half were MPS (n=1,174, 58%) to understand officer opinions about
potential IPCC changes to PIP (Post-Incident Procedures).
• Officers are proud, but have more negative attitudes to their wider command & organisation.
• High levels of support from immediate team. This diminishes with higher management levels. Large
number do not believe organisation has their best interest at heart.
• Uncertainty about the types & usefulness of support provided. Occupational Health viewed sceptically.
• Whilst MPS officers agree they can cope, majority would like to see more support.
98%
100%
90%
96%
92%
87%
78%
80%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
38%
40%
30%
19%
20%
10%
10%
4%
5%
4%
0%
Proud to be a
firearms officer
Confident in
own ability
Confident
carrying a
firearm
Positive
My police force My police force I am supported I feel respected I am supported Nature of my
Nature of my I feel supported I am confident
working
has my best
understands
by my team
by my
by my line
work is
work is
by my police
in the IPCC
environment in
interests at
how this job
colleagues
manager
understood by understood by
force
(Independent
the firearms
heart
effects your
senior firearms
senior MPS
Complaints
command
personal/home
command
(non firearms)
Commission)
life
managers
managers
12
Source: MOPAC & MPS National firearms survey, 2014.
Work needs to be done to boost morale of firearms officers
• MPS 2014 Staff Survey indicates, although SC&O and SO officers exhibit more job satisfaction than
other departments, there are also greater feelings of disconnect with the organisation.
70%
60%
60%
57%
56%
52%
51%
50%
48%
46%
46%
44%
42%
40%
I am satisfied with my
current job
41%
37%
38%
39%
36%
33%
30%
29%
31%
30%
29%
27%
28%
27%
25%
22%
23%
23%
I would speak highly of
the Met as an employer
to those outside the
organisation
If I contacted the Met as
a member of the
public, I would be
confident of receiving a
good service
20%
10%
0%
MPS average
Deputy
Commissioners
Portfolio
Source: MPS Staff Survey 2014
Digital Policing
Human
Resources
(inc Met
Training)
Resources
Directorate
Specialist Crime
and Operations
Specialist
Operations
Territorial
Policing
(Boroughs)
Territorial
Policing
(non-Boroughs)
13
Authorisation levels for Covert Undercover Policing tactics have changed
• Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) regulates how public bodies to carry out surveillance,
investigation & the interception of communications. All undercover activity is governed by RIPA.
• January 1st 2014 - new authorisation procedures for covert human intelligence sources.
- When a source is authorised the Office of the Surveillance Commissioners must be notified.
- If a source authorisation exceeds 12 months, it shall not be granted or renewed until it has
been approved by a Assistant Commissioner.
• MPS authorise approximately 50% of undercover operations nationally.
Types of Covert Operations
Foundation undercover operatives (UCFs): act
in limited supporting role; testing the
availability of commodities, namely controlled
drugs and stolen property. UCFs act as a decoy
in soliciting, acquisitive crime and sexual
offences
Advanced undercover operatives (UCs):
undertake deployments in more complex
investigations and infiltrations involving
controlled drugs, firearms, serious acquisitive
crime & paedophilia
UCs are deployed to gather evidence in the
most challenging investigations and complex
criminal groups
Post OSC and HMIC inspection
• Performance data & prioritisation systems, measuring
success/demand
• Enhanced authorisation processes & raised level of
authorisation, including proportionality, necessity & collateral
intrusion
• Risk management process at deployment stage and review,
bespoke to the operational objectives and each UC authorised
• Enhanced record keeping documenting all activity
• Strict compliance with RIPA 29(a) regarding day to day
management of welfare and security of UCs by dedicated
supervisors
• Responded to OSC 'Managing Capacity'. Supervision levels
increased regarding day to day deployments of UCs
• Licensed training under the supervision of College of Policing
14
Source: MPS SC&O35 2014.