Transcript An Era of Social Change
CH.31-An Era of Social Change
The Counterculture and Continuing Social Movements
Ch 31 Sec 1 Latinos and Native American Seek Equality
How did the population of Latinos grow in the US during in the 1960’s?
How did Latinos fight for Civil Rights?
How did Native Americans secure reforms of US government policy?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=e7GCCBIgFaQ
Latinos of Varied Origins
Mexican Americans – 1miilion came in 1910’s following the Mexican Revolution, some came in the 1940’s and 1950’s as braceros, and 1 million came in the 60’s
Puerto Ricans began immigrating after the Spanish American War of 1898, and by 1960’s 1miilion in the US (1/2 NYC)
Cubans fled Castro after 1959 and large communities formed in NYC, Miami, NJ
During the 1960’s thousand of Central and South American emigrated Most Latinos lived in barrios
Latinos Fight For Change
In 1966 Cesar Chavez Committee and Dolores Huerta merged their new unions to form the United Farm Workers Organizing
Chavez believed in non-violence in dealing with California’s large fruit and vegetable companies (Ex. Boycotts/Fast)
In the 1960’s the Chicano Movement took off, “Brown Power” Berets” and the “Brown demanded Spanish speaking classes and Chicano studies programs at universities (Bilingual ED. Act of 1968)
Latino Political Power
During the 1960’s eight Hispanic Americans served in the House and Joseph Montoya of New Mexico was elected to the Senate In the 1940’s and 1950’s the Latin American Citizens League of United fought in the courts for school desegregation and gov. funding In the 1970’s La Raza Unida ( Mexican Americans United) ran Mexican Candidates in many local elections In 1963 the more radical Mercedes Alianza Federal de seized courthouse in Tierra Amarillo, New Mexico trying to get recognition of the NM small farmers.
Native Americans Fight For Equality Native Americans suffered the highest unemployment rates, alcoholism, infant mortality rates and suicides
In 1954 Native Americans had to deal with the government’s Termination Policy (assimilation)
In 1961 reps from 61 tribes drafted the Declaration of Indian Purpose
In 1968 LBJ established the
National Council on Indian Opportunity
Voices of Protests
In 1968 the Movement) AIM (American Indian was formed to demand lands, burial grounds, fishing/ timber rights, and a respect of their culture ( George Mitchell and Dennis Banks) In 1972, AIM leader Russell Meads organized “The Trail of Broken Treaties” march on DC ( Occupied the BIA building)
In 1973, the AIM led 200 Sioux to occupy Wounded Knee, SD where a massacre of Sioux had occurred in 1890
After negotiations a shootout with the FBI left 2 dead, and many wounded
“Red Power”
Russell Means Dennis Banks
Native American Victories
In 1975 Congress passed the affairs including education Indian-Self Determination and Education Act which gave tribes control to govern their own
In 1970 the Taos of NM regained sacred Blue Lake Land
In 1971 the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act gave 40million acres and $962 million
Political Representation improved by working through the system (Ex. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell)
The Asian American Movement
In 1968 the Alliance Asian American Political (AAPA) was founded at Berkley which unified Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Filipino activists
Protested the Vietnam War and racism directed at Asians 1969 “Shut it Down” strikes at Berkley
“Yellow Power” Conference to learn of Asian American history and destiny 1968 San Francisco’s Chinatown Grievances (Housing and Medicine) Japanese American Citizens League brought forth the issue of internment
Women Fight for Equality
In 1920 the 19 giving women the right to vote (Women’s Suffrage) th Amendment was passed In the 1960’s Feminism was the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men In 1963 Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique identified the “problem that has no name” Women were not happy in the 1950’s (Men’s work v Women’s work) In the 1960’s women were forced into clerical work, retail, social work, nursing, and teaching
Women’s Activism of the 1960’s
Women were members of SNCC and SDS, and active in the civil rights movement In 1966 28 women including Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW) NOW fought against gender bias in hiring and in the workplace and pushed for child-care facilities In 1968 the New York Radical Women protested the Miss America Pageant in AC “Women’s Garbage” into “Freedom’s Trashcan”
In 1969, a journalist and political activist Gloria Steinem joined the feminist movement
She founded the National Women’s Party Caucus
In 1972 she founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s Magazine)
Roe V Wade
Feminist groups supported a woman’s right to chose to have an abortion
In 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the feminists
Extremely Controversial Pro-Choice v Pro-Life
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Congress passed the in 1972, it was first introduced in 1923 (Men and Women same rights and protections)
38 states needed to ratify it to make it part of the Constitution ( 35 received) A Stop-ERA campaign was launched by conservative religious groups, and anti feminists led by Phyllis Schlafly
Radical Feminist “hate men, marriage, and children”
Fears of women being drafted, no husband responsibility, and possible same-sex marriages
The New Right Emerges
In order to combat pro choice and the ERA conservatives formed the “pro-family” movement which became the Right (Social cultural, and moral problems) New Conservatism when dealing with social, They debated family centered issues and played key role in Pres. Reagan’s election in 1980
Ch 31 Sec 3 The Counterculture
What was the counterculture of the 1960’s?
What was its impact on art, fashion, music and attitudes?
What was the conservative response or “backlash” to the counterculture?
The Counterculture of the 1960’s
Counterculture was a movement made up of mostly white, middle-class college young people who were disillusioned with the war and injustices of society
They turned their backs on traditional American and founded a society based on peace and love
Hippies
Materialism, Technology, and war were hollow Harvard Psychology and counterculture philosopher Dr. Timothy Leary urged the youth to “Tune in, Turn On, Drop Out!” Many left home, work, and school to create an ideal community of peace love and harmony
Hippie Culture
The Age of Aquarius
Rock ’n’ Roll Music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7F2X3rSSCU
Sexual Revolution (Free Love)
Marijuana and LSD ( Illegal Drugs)
Eastern Religions (Zen Buddhism)
Ragged Jeans, Tie-dye shirts, military garments, love beads and muslin shirts
Long hair and beards
Many joined communes
Haight-Asbury District of SF
Art of the 1960’s
Pop-Art by Andy Warhol
Music of the 1960’s
The music was a form of protest that grew out of African-American rhythm and blues of the 1950’s (Folk and Rock)
The Beatles, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, the Who, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and the Rolling Stones
In 1969 the appex of the counterculture was the music festival Woodstock The 1970 Concert at and love Altamont Speedway was a disaster and ended the era of peace
The Conservative Response
Nixon, Agnew values and J Edgar Hoover expressed anger and concern over the counterculture and the threat to traditional Many saw the values as decadent, un-American, immature and irresponsible Conservatives presented their own solutions to crime and lawlessness