Transcript Document
Central Nervous System • Brain • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Diencephalon • Brain stem • Spinal Cord • __________ matter - cerebral cortex; outer layer of the brain • __________ matter - fibers beneath cortex and corpus callosum (fibers that connect the two halves of cerebral cortex) • Area of brain responsible for higher-order behaviors (learning, intelligence, awareness, memory, communication, emotional expression, etc..) Cerebrum Cerebrum • _______ (gyrus): folds (rises) in cerebral hemispheres • _________ (sulcus): shallow grooves • Divides the cerebral hemispheres into lobes • ____________: deep grooves separating the gyri • Longitudinal fissure: prominent groove that divides cerebrum into right and left cerebral hemispheres • Corpus callosum: nerve fibers that connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres Cerebellum • Located just caudal to cerebrum • Area of brain responsible for coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes Diencephalon • Passageway between brain stem and cerebrum • _________ to Corpus callosum • Structures associated with diencephalon: • Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal body • major part of ____________ system Brain Stem • Connects brain with the ________ ________ • Medulla oblongata • Pons • Midbrain • Area of brain responsible for basic (subconscious, autonomic) functions of the body • HR • Breathing, coughing, sneezing, • BP • Many of the ________ ________originate from this area of brain • _____________ tissue layers that surround brain and spinal cord • Contain blood vessels, fluid, and fat • Supply nutrients and oxygen to the superficial tissues of the brain and spinal cord • Provide some cushioning and distribution of nutrients for CNS Meninges Meninges • Three layers: 1._______ _______- tough, fibrous 2._______ ______- delicate, spiderweb-like 3._______ _______- very thin; lies directly on surface of brain and spinal cord CSF—in subarachnoid space (Contains CSF) Cerebrospinal Fluid • Fluid between _____________ ______________and in canals and ventricles inside brain and central canal of spinal cord • Provides _______________ function • May play role in regulation of autonomic functions such as respiration and vomiting Blood-Brain Barrier • Separates the capillaries in the brain from the nervous tissue • Capillary walls in the brain have no ______________; covered by cell membranes of glial cells • Prevents many drugs, proteins, ions, and other molecules from readily passing from the blood into the brain Cranial Nerves • 12 nerve pairs in PNS that originate directly from brain • Numbered in Roman numerals from I through XII (1 through 12) • Each nerve may contain axons of motor neurons, axons of sensory neurons, or combinations of both Spinal Cord • ________________: central part of spinal cord • Composed of gray matter • Somas of neurons • A lot of nerve processing occurs here (not just in brain) • Central canal – center of medulla Spinal Cord • ______________: outer part of spinal cord • White matter • Myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers • Surrounds the gray matter Spinal Cord • Dorsal and Ventral Nerve Roots emerge as Spinal Nerves from between each pair of adjacent vertebrae • Spinal nerve is a mix of sensory and motor neurons • Dorsal nerve roots contain____________ fibers • Ventral nerve roots contain ___________ fibers