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Unit 7
Language Structures
Dialogue I
Dialogue II
Reading I
Reading II
Guided Writing
Interaction Activities
Unit 7
LSP
Unit 7
LS
LSP
See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use:
1.
Do you know what to say
in English?
to a person on his birthday
2.
It takes
us about forty-five minutes
to go
to the station.
3. We can see buses
come and go
in a busy street.
4.
Would you mind telling me the time?
Unit 7
>>
非限定（
non-finite
）动词 （非谓语动词） 英语动词有限定（
finite
）和非限定（
non-finite
）两类。
1.
限定动词：句子中的谓语动词（
predicative verb
）是限 定的；限定动词受人称（
person
）和数目（
number
）的限 制。此外，还有时态（
tense
）、语态（
voice
）和情态 （
mood
）等。
E.g.
① ② ③ ④
Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly. Jason is giving a public lecture. Who did it? I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.
LSP
Unit 7
2.
非限定动词
:
在句子中可以施展其他功能的动词； 这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性，但没有“人 称”和“数目”的限制。
3.
非限定动词的种类： 不定式动词（
the infinitive
）
;
分词（
past participle
现在分词
&
过去分词）
the present & ;
动名词（
the gerund
）。 ⑤
E.g.
Tom found the prescribed text hard
to read
.
不定式 ⑥
Helen has a
smiling
face.
现在分词 ⑦ ⑧
Your
written
English is good.
过去分词
Smoking
is harmful to health.
动名词 LSP
Unit 7
4.
非限定动词的作用：
1
）当主语 不定式动词和动名词都可当句子的主语，取代名词和代 词。
E.g. To swim in a warm day is joyful. Swimming makes us hale and hearty.
当益壮
) (
精神充沛，老
2
）当补足语 可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。
E.g. A good government‘s desire is serving the people. What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.
同样的，现在分词与过去分词也可充当系动词（
the linking verb
）的补足语。
E.g. The witness's evidence is quite convincing. At long last, John was fully convinced.
LSP
Unit 7
3)
当宾语 不定式动词和动名词都可充当及物动词的宾语。
E.g. The baby wanted to drink milk. Janet suddenly stopped talking.
它们也可以成为介词的宾语，但除了
“except, but, about, than”
之外，介词的宾语多数是动名词。
E.g. I am tired of repeating the same point. Most of us desired nothing except to succeed. Betty did nothing useful but talk
（不带
”to”
）。
That weak old man is about to die.
LSP
Unit 7
4)
当名词修饰语
E.g. Don‘t disturb the sleeping dog.
（现在分词）
Can you remove the damaged machine?
（过去分词）
That is the only thing to do.
（不定式动词）
The sailors came in a fishing boat.
（动名词）
5)
当动词修饰语
E.g. Walking along the road, he came across a friend.
（现在分词短语）
Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.
（过去分词短语）
The athlete stopped to take a rest?
（不定式动词短语）
Peter came running.
（动名词
)
LSP
Unit 7 LSP
1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.
A. to repair bicycles C. bicycles being repaired B. bicycles to be repaired D. repairing bicycles 2. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be 3. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly C. properly to train B. being trained properly D. trained properly 4. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing
Unit 7
5. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.
A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; painted C. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted 6. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost 7. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put 8. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
D. putting A. that you finish quickly C. to finish quickly B. finishing quickly D. finish quickly
LSP
Unit 7 LSP
9. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise history of mankind.
A. it marked 11. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck problem _____.
B. marking B. stuck A. to solve; being talked about D. advertising 10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the C. marked C. sticking D. to mark D. stick 12. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the B. solving; discussing C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed
Unit 7
1 LSP I Asking for information about what to do and Expressing gratitude Practice following conversations:
LSP
A: Do you know / Could you tell me what to say to a person on his birthday in English?
B: (Yes. You say ‘Happy birthday and many happy returns of the day!’) A: I’m so glad to know the right thing to say. Thank you for telling me.
B: (Not at all.)
Unit 7
Please think about the following questions:
1) Do you know/ Would you mind telling me what to say to a couple on their wedding anniversary?
2) What to say to the person at his/her departure for London?
3) When to say “To your health!”/ “Bottoms up!” “Cheers!”/ “Let me take a toast!” “Congratulations!” 4) Where to exchange some US dollars?
LSP
Unit 7
Answer:
1)Have a happy anniversary!
2) A pleasant journey! A good trip!
3) At a dinner party. On one’s commencement (
毕业典礼
)/ promotion/ success.
4) At Bank of China.
LSP
2
Unit 7 LSP
LSP II Asking for and giving information about the length of time needed for an action Practice following conversations: A: Are we early enough to catch the 9:30 train?
B: No. B:
(I’m afraid)
it’s too late to do that.
A: How long will it take us to go to the station?
(About forty-five minutes, I think.)
Unit 7
Language points for LSP II: 1. It’s adj. + enough + infinitive E.g. He will be quick enough to finish the decoration work in 3 days John is smart enough to solve the problem in 5 minutes.
He was fool enough to agree.
LSP
2. It’s too + adj. + infinitive E.g. Never too late to learn.
She is too emotional to hold her tears back .
It’s too risky to spend all your money on stocks.
3
Unit 7 LSP
LSP III Asking for and giving information about something that is likely to be seen or heard.
Practice following conversations: A: (What can you see in a busy street?) B: Oh, I can see buses come and go busily and sometimes I can see a pedestrian jaywalk.
A: (Do you hear anything in the street?) B: Yes, I can hear the bus engines purr and sometimes I can hear an ambulance sound its siren.
Unit 7
Language points for LSP III: 1. Traffic on the street: truck
运货卡车
double decker bus
双层公共汽车
taxi, taxicab
计程汽车
,
出租汽车
tramcar, streetcar
电车
,
有轨电车
trolleybus
无轨电车
underground, tube, subway
地铁
coach, motor coach, bus
大客车
2. What can you see / hear in a park ?
LSP
Unit 7
>> birds fly in the sky >> fish swim in the ponds >> people take photos/ play chess/ do shadow boxing/ dance/ go fishing >> children play games/ hide-and-seek/ rope-skipping/ rubber band skipping// play on the swing/ see-saw/ slide// ride wooden horses/ tricycles// fly kite/ go roller skating >> women knit/ watch their children in the sun >> kindergarten children sing nursery rhymes >> young people speak English at the English corner >> children frolic on the lawn >> students read aloud under the tree >> people chat here and there >> musicians play the violin or the accordion birds sing on the trees
LSP
3
Unit 7 LSP
LSP IV Requesting somebody to do something & Expressing willingness to do as requested Practice following conversations: A: It’s getting quite late now, isn’t it?
B:
(Yes, it is.)
A: Would you mind telling me the time? My watch has stopped.
B: Certainly. // Certainly not. / Of course not. / Not at all. //
(It’s twenty-two minutes past five.)
Unit 7
Follow up activity: Would you mind doing … ?
1. The bus is stuffy. You want to open the window.
2. It is very hot. You want to turn on the air conditioner.
3. You are invited to a friend’s party. You want to smoke.
4. You want to invite a girl to dance with you at a ball.
LSP
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Consider and answering following questions:
1. How do you usually go to school/ work/ go shopping? By bus, bike, taxi, car, trolley bus or just on foot?
2. What is the most popular/ widely used vehicle in China? Is there any difference between big cities and countryside in China?
3. What is the most popular/ widely used vehicle in America? What is the difference between China and America?
D I
Unit 7
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this dialogue
D I
1) What does it mean when one says that cycling is a way of life in China?
2) What role does the motor wheel play in American life?
3) What are some major reasons why American choose to own a car?
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Browse through the text and find out sentences using following conversational strategies
D I
How to initiate a topic and steer the conversation into desired directions.
Expressing one’s attitude or opinion on a certain topic.
A. Showing agreement B. Showing disagreement or expressing different opinions
Unit 7
How to initiate a topic and steer the conversation into desired directions.
A: I heard about China being a “Kingdom of bicycle”. (or As is known to all/ I have been told that, China is a “Kingdom of bicycle”.)" B: Yes, for many of us, cycling has become a way of life.
B: It’s said that the United States is a country driven by automobile engine, and Americans are a people on the wheel." A: That’s no exaggeration.
B: But I heard city public transport in your country is not very convenient.
A: That’s true.
D I
Unit 7
Practice with the following cues a. A four-storey students’ cafeteria has been built on our campus.
b. A new plastic racetrack is being built on our campus.
c. Jenny has made a new friend on the net.
d. Our dean will give a speech on the commencement tomorrow morning.
D I
Unit 7
A. Showing agreement (1) A: Yes, this is exactly what I felt during my first two months here.
(2) A: Absolutely.
(3) A: That’s no exaggeration.
(4) A: That’s true.
(5) A: That’s exactly what was on my mind.
D I
Unit 7
Additional expressions
I agree (with you.)
You’re/ That’s right.
No doubt about it.
I think so, too.
I feel the same way.
That’s just/ exactly what I was thinking.
I can’t agree with you more.
You took the words right out of my mouth! (less formal)
D I
Unit 7
Showing disagreement or expressing different opinions (1) A: I wouldn’t consider that a healthy attitude.
(2) A: No, I’m serious. I don’t mean we should give up automobiles altogether for bicycles.
(3) What I’m saying here is that we should discourage the use of……
D I
Unit 7
Additional expressions
I disagree.
I don’t think so.
I wish I could agree with you, but… I don’t want to argue with you about that, but… I wouldn’t say that.
I wouldn’t go as far as that.
I wouldn’t go so far as to say that.
D I
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel
D I
Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find out useful expressions of the text.
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Language Appreciation: 1. this is no exaggeration.
毫不夸张
.
这不是夸大之辞
.
E.g. This is no exaggeration to say he’s the most generous person I’ve ever met.
(
词汇扩展
: exaggerate v.
夸张
,
夸大
; understatement n.
克制地
,
不充分地陈述
) 2. kingdom of bicycles
自行车王国
kingdom of table tennis
乒乓球王国
3. Do in China as the Chinese do.
入乡随俗
Source: Do in Rome as Romans do. While in Rome, do as Romans do"
D I
Unit 7
Dialogue I Language Point: On the Wheel 4. for a change adv.
为改变
5. to be in charge of
负全责
,
经管
,
照顾
= be responsible for / to
D I
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Retell the content of the dialogue
D I
--- An American talks to a Chinese friend about China being a “Kingdom of bicycle”.
--- They exchange views on two kinds of wheel and two ways of life.
--- Problems with American city public transportation.
Unit 7
Dialogue I On the Wheel Role Play: On the Ship Jin and Cai are classmates. They are taking a ship to Dalian. Cai’s hometown, during the summer vacation. It is the first time Jin has taken a sea voyage. He is very excited. Cai and Jin are now on board a ship. Jin tells Cai how he feels about the voyage and they talk about what to do in Dalian.
D I
Unit 7
Dialogue II Likes, Dislikes and Preferences Complementary Expressions: Expressing likes: I’m crazy about… It’s great, super, fantastic, and terrific.
My favorite is… I especially like … Expressing dislikes: I don’t particularly care for… I’m not really crazy about… I have a dislike for… Expressing preference: I like…better I’d like to … I’d just as soon do…
D II
Unit 7
Dialogue II Practice: Likes, Dislikes and Preferences 1.
A dislikes the subjects below, and expressions his/her dislike. B agrees or disagrees accordingly. Try to use as many different phrases as possible.
2.
3.
A likes the subjects below, and states this, giving a reason. B agrees or disagrees accordingly, stating why he/she agrees or disagrees.
Think of other subjects yourself and talk about preferences.
D II
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School
R I
Listen to the recording, consider and answer following questions
1. Talk about your first day at college. How did you feel at that time? Did you feel confident/ nervous/ uneasy… when you have to say something or to perform before a crowd of people?
2. Try to recall some interesting stories happened to you at primary school. The teachers you met, the new friends you made, games you played… …
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School
R I
Go over the text in 5 minutes and answer the questions on specific details of this text 1. When was the boy shy?
2. What did the teacher ask him to do on his first day at school?
3. Could he write? Why not?
4. What did some students do when he could not write his name and address?
5. What did the teacher do?
6. What made him forget everything?
7. When the whole room burst into a loud and prolonged laugh, how did he feel?
8. How did he think of himself? Why do you say so?
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School About the Writer: Richard Wright One of America’s greatest black writers, Richard Wright was also among the first African American writers to achieve literary fame and fortune, but his reputation has less to do with the color of his skin than with the superb quality of his work. He was born and spent the first years of his life on a plantation, not far from the affluent city of Natchez on the Mississippi River, but his life as the son of an illiterate sharecropper was far from affluent.
Though he spent only a few years of his life in Mississippi, those years would play a key role in his two most important works: Native Son, a novel, and his autobiography, Black Boy.
R I
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School Words and Expressions: 1. in the presence of
在
…
面前；在（某人）眼前
(= in sb's presence)
R I
2. blank & empty a blank house:
空房子 能有家具
.) an empty house:
空房子
(
暂时没人占用
,
居住
, (
但里面可 房内既无家具也无人
.)
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School Words and Expressions:
R I
3. beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer, titer 1. beam vi.
本义指照耀，放光，引申为
She beamed with happiness .
"
微笑
"
，是正式用语，指面 带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。 她高兴得眉开眼笑。
2. chuckle vi. (
书面语
)
吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或 领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles. 3. giggle vi.
咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、 被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.
Unit 7 R I
Reading I My First Day at School Words and Expressions: 4. grin vi.
露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
He grinned at his mother.
他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
5. jeer v.
讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是
mock
。
The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.
6. laugh v.
笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
7. roar v.
怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
He roared when he heard the joke. 8. sneer v.
冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.
9. titter vi.
吃吃地笑
,
偷笑
Unit 7
Reading I My First Day at School Words and Expressions: 4. impulse
冲动；刺激
e.g. She bought the dress on impulse. impulsion n.
冲动
, impulsive adj.
易冲动的
5. flash through
突然闪现；突然想起
,
掠过
6. to collect one’s senses: to control one’s emotion, to calm down
控制情绪
,
平静下来
7. no doubt = without doubt = without question
毫无疑问 R I
Unit 7 R I
Reading I My First Day at School Comments on the passage: 1. Narrative Writing 2. Distinctive feature: writer’s vivid and impressive descriptions of the boy’s highlight the nervous and inner activities & descriptions of the teacher’s directions and classmates’ reactions all embarrassing atmosphere at that time.
3. Three main questions: a. What were the changes of the boy’s inner feelings? b. How did his teacher try to encourage and direct him? c. What were the reactions of his classmates?
Unit 7
Reading II “They Never Give Me the Present”
R II
Read the dialogue, try to make out the main idea, and answer the following questions
Was the school popular when the author first attended it?
What kind of children went to the school?
How did the boys and girls treat Loll on his first day at school?
Why did they make fun of him?
Why was Loll unhappy when he returned the home?
What did the teacher actually mean when she said, you sit there for the present”?" “Well, just
Unit 7
Reading II “They Never Give Me the Present” Words and Expressions:
R II
1. to be at its peak
处在顶点
,
顶峰
" E.g. Sales have reached a new peak.
销售额已达到新的高峰。
2. to box a few ears
打了几耳光
E.g. in a smouldering temper
不高兴
,
沮丧
3. for the present
现在
Unit 7
Reading II “They Never Give Me the Present”
R I
Comments on the passage: Usage of verbs and adjectives: >>> The author employs some vivid verbs and adjectives in this passage to achieve a light and humorous effect, which impresses readers deeply. Such as:
the outlying farms, half-hidden hovels, strange oaths and odours, quaint garments, curious pies, wrap me in scarves, tie up my bootlaces, thrust a cap on my head, stuff a baked potato in my pocket…
Unit 7
Guided Writing Learn how to write a note of thanks
GW
A note of thanks should : a. Express our gratitude; b. Show our pleasure at the gift itself (we may say that it is exquisite or it is just what we want); c. Show our appreciation of the sender’s considerateness or his / her cleverness at picking out the right time
Unit 7
Guided Writing Learn how to write a note of thanks
GW
26 December, 2006 Dear Aunt Mabel, Thank you for your wonderful gift! How could you possibly have known? I did need a more sophisticated recorder. The old one that I have has seen me mature from a lanky school boy to a college student. Indeed, it has more than served its purpose. Remember? It was also a present from you.
Again a million thanks!
Your loving nephew, Henry
Unit 7
Interaction Activities First Day at School
IA
What was your first day at school like. Does it bring you sweet memories or does it cause agonies? Or perhaps you had both pleasant and unpleasant experience. Recall your first day at school, fill in the grid with as many details as possible.
Unforgettable / Terrible / Sweet day at school
Unit 7
Dictation Spelling (Workbook P. 5)
Listening
Unit 7
Dictation Spelling (Workbook P. 5)
Listening
automobile giggle generally restaurant laughing stock exaggeration envious fluently convenient forehead confidence private
Unit 7
Dictation A Passage dictation
Listening
Unit 7
About fifty or sixty years ago, there were few schools for infants. Young children worked in dark, unpleasant classrooms. They wore uniforms and they sat at uncomfortable desks. The children wanted to play, but their teachers were very strict, so the children had to sit quietly and learn numbers or the alphabet by heart.
Today, very young children usually have an enjoyable and useful time at school. They attend a kindergarten or play school and ‘play’ at reading, writing, and counting, or they enjoy themselves working things, singing, drawing or painting. Their classrooms are attractive and pleasant and their teachers usually supervise them in a very kind and helpful way. So for most children these days are very happy days.
D I
Unit 7
Dictation B Passage dictation
Listening
Unit 7
It is interesting to visit a foreign country, but problems may arise when we don’t know the language well enough. It may be difficult to talk with the people there. We may not know how to use the telephone. We may not know how to buy the things we need.
In a strange country we may not know where to eat or what to order in a restaurant. It is not easy to decide how much to tip waiters or taxi-drivers. When we need help, we may not know how to ask for help. It is not pleasant to have an experience like that.
After a short time, however, we learn what to do and what to say. We learn to enjoy life in another country, and then we may not want to leave.
D I
Unit 7
Listening Comprehension
Listening
1. “How to” books are mostly books on science and technology.
2. Four thousand “how to” books are available in the United States.
3. No “how to” books tell you how to choose a career.
4. Some “how to” books tell people how to relax in their leisure hours.
5. People don’t like step-by-step instructions on how to repair things because they are too wordy.
6. The more complex life becomes, the fewer problems there will be.