Transcript MULTIAXIS THREE DIMENSIONAL (3D) WEAVING AND WOVEN

In-Plane Shear Properties of
Multiaxis and Orthogonal 3D
Woven Carbon/Epoxy
Composites
Kadir Bilisik
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Erciyes University,
Kayseri/Turkey
E-mail address: [email protected]
OBJECTIVES
• In this research, multiaxis 3D weaving
methods are developed to make
multiaxis woven preform and
composites
• Characterize the developed composites
• Identified possible end-uses
LITERATURE
• Researches on textile structural composite
have intensively been carried out by
universities, research organizations and
government laboratories for applications in
defense, space and civilian areas for the last
two decades.
• Basic thrust on this type polymeric materials
are attractive specific properties compared to
that of metals. For instance, NASA-ACT
program has encouraged the researchers to
initiate fiber base advance materials [1-3].
• Traditional textile structural composite
materials show improved characteristics of
strength and stiffness compared to those of
metals and ceramics.
• However, they have low delamination
resistance, which results in catastrophic
failure[4,5].
• Three dimensional (3D) woven preforms have
been developed for composite materials and
they show high delamination resistance and
fracture toughness due to the Z-fiber
reinforcement [6-8].
• However, it is understood that Zfiber gives rise to
some reduction in-plane properties.
• To improve the in-plane properties, additional fiber,
which can be called bias, should be introduced to
the preform at an angle.
• Early structures which have three sets of fibers as
two bias fiber sets and filling were interlaced to each
other to make single layer triaxial woven [9-11].
Later, additional axial fiber was introduced to the
single layer triaxial woven fabric and was called
quadrilateral fabric structure [12]. It is reported that
the structure was open and had more isotropic
properties compared to those of 2D traditional plain
woven [11].
• Multiaxis 3D woven preform and
method were developed by Anahara
and Yasui [13,14]. In this technique
guide blocks were used to orient the
bias fibers at ±45 [15].
• Farley developed a technique to make
multiaxis structure by using individual
eye needle [16].
• Mood also developed a multiaxis fabric and method
based on jacquard technique [17].
• Bilisik and Mohamed developed multiaxis 3D woven
fabric which had many warp layers and method in
which tube carriers were used to orient the bias
fibers at an angle. It is found out that in-plane shear
properties of the multiaxis 3D woven carbon/epoxy
composite are superior to those of the 3D orthogonal
woven carbon/epoxy composite [18,19].
• Uchida and coworkers made prototype multiaxis 3D
weaving based on Anahara’s guiding block
principles [20,21].
• Recently, Bryn and Nayfeh and coworkers developed
the techniques to make multiaxis fabric used as
connectors and joint elements for defense related
product [22,23].
Materials and Methods
Figure . Multixias 3D woven unit cells
Figure. 3D Orthogonal woven unit cell
Figure . Actual view of multiaxis 3D weaving zone according to tubecarrier method (right).
Figure . Multiaxis 3D carbon woven perform (P2) from tube carrier
weaving (left side).
Figure . Bias yarn path in the preform surface; zig-zag pattern
from linear movement of the tube-rapier (a) and edge-to-edge
pattern from rotational movement of tube-carrier (b).
Figure . Total and directional fiber volume fractions of preform
types based on tube-rapier and tube-carrier methods.
Figure . Schematic views of bias units based on tube-carrier and
tube-rapier
Table . Preform elastic constants from tube rapier weaving and tube
carrier weaving
Figure . Directional modulus of elasticity of preform types.
Figure . Directional modulus of rigidity of preform types.
Table. Specification of composite materials
Figure . Top views of the multiaxis wherein 3D carbon fiber woven preform (a), top views of the multiaxis 3D
carbon fiber woven preform wherein uncovered bias yarn area and bias turning point fromşbias to bias
orientation (b), cross-sectional view of the multiaxis 3D carbon fiber woven perform (c), top views of the 3D
orthogonal carbon fiber woven perform (d), cross-sectional views of the 3D orthogonal carbon fiber woven
preform (e), magnifications: (a), (b), (e): 6.7, (c): 15, (d): 10.
Figure . Cross-sectional view, and longitudinal warp side view of the
multiaxis 3D woven carbon/epoxy composite.
Figure . Cross-sectional view, and longitudinal warp side view of the
multiaxis 3D woven carbon/epoxy composite.
Figure . Volume fraction of the multiaxis 3D woven preform (left).
Figure . Flextural strength (a) and bending modulus (b) of multiaxis and
orthogonal woven composites (right).
Figure . Flextural strength (a) and bending modulus (b) of multiaxis and orthogonal woven
composites (left).
Figure . Bending failure to the warp side of the multiaxis 3D woven composite (a), bending
failure to the warp side of the 3D orthogonal woven composite (b) (right).
Figure . Interlaminar shear strength of multiaxis and 3D orthogonal woven
composites (left).
Figure . Interlaminar shear failure to the warp side (a), and to outside surface (b), of
3D woven composite (right).
Figure . In-plane shear strength of multiaxis 3D woven and 3D orthogonal
woven composites (a), in- plane shear modulus of multiaxis 3D woven
and 3D orthogonal woven composites (b), in-plane shear stress – strain
curve for both multiaxis and orthogonal woven composites (c).
Figure . In-plane shear failure (a), in-plane shear failure at surface (b) of
the multiaxis 3D woven composite and in-plane shear failure (c) of the 3D
orthogonal woven composite.
Conclusions
• Multiaxis 3D woven carbon preform was developed
and consolidated with epoxy resin.
• The properties of the multiaxis 3D woven
composites were compared to those of 3D
orthogonal woven composites.
• It was found that by the addition of ±bias yarns to
the surface of the multiaxis 3D woven perform, the
in-plane shear strength and modulus of the structure
were increased. However, the other properties such
as bending and interlaminar shear strength of the
structure were decreased compared to those of the
3D orthogonal woven composite.
• These results have shown that the
mechanical properties of the woven structure
are strongly influenced by yarn orientation.
• Consequently, newly developed multiaxis 3D
woven composites will always be a
compromise based on the end use
requirement, and therefore, optimization of
the structure becomes important.
REFERENCES
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1. Dow, M.B. and Dexter, H.B. (1997). Development of stitched, braided and woven
composite structures in the ACT Program at Langley Research Centre (1985 to 1997).
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8. Anahara, M. and Yasui, Y. (1992). Three dimensional fabric and method for
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cost damage resistant composites, http://www.muratec.net/jp.
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properties of multiaxial 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites, The 39th
International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition.
12. Bilisik, K. (2010). Multiaxis 3D woven preform and properties of multiaxis 3D
woven and 3D orthogonal woven carbon/epoxy composites, Journal of
Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29 (8): 1173-1186.
• THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
• KADIR BILISIK
• [email protected]