Transcript Document

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
‫نسبت نشانه شناس ی و‬
‫فلسفه‬
‫ارائه‪ :‬احمد پاکتچی‬
Relationship of
Semiotics and
Philosophy
Ahmad Pakatchi
‫در باره نشانه ها و داللت‬
‫‪ ‬افالطون‬
‫‪ ‬ارسطو‬
‫‪ ‬پرفيريوس‬
‫‪ ‬پروکلوس‬
‫‪... ‬‬
‫‪ ‬فارابی‬
‫‪ ‬ابن سينا‬
Aristotle, 384-322 BC
‫ از جمله‬،‫ آثار مختلف ارسطو‬
 Poetics
 (Three unities)
 Rhetoric
‫‪Plato, ~428-~348 BC‬‬
‫‪ ‬در آثار افالطون و ارسطو‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬بازنمايی ‪Representation‬‬
Medieval Semiotics (Stanford)
 1. Semiotics:its place in the framework of scholastic
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disciplines
2. The late ancient sources of medieval semiotics
2.1 Augustine (354–430)
2.2 Boethius (480–528)
3. Semiotic beginnings in the 11th and 12th century
4. The genesis of an elaborate theory of signs in the second
half of 13th century
4.1 Ps.-Robert Kilwardby
4.2 Roger Bacon (ca. 1214-ca. 1293)
Medieval Semiotics (Stanford)
 5. Grammatica Speculativa and its critics
 6. Mental concepts as signs
 7. The sign as a central notion in 14th-century logic
 8. The concept of sign in scholastic logic of 15th and early
16th-century
 Giovannin Manetti, Ancient Semiotics
‫آغازی بر نظريه نشانه‬
 Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)
 João Poinsot (1589-1644)
 John Locke (1632-1704)
 Essay concerning Human Understanding
(1690)
‫نخستين ساخت اصطالح‬
 Towards the end of the seventeenth century, logic began to
centre increasingly on an analysis of cognitive faculties.
Such an analysis, introduced by Descartes, was carried
further in the Essay concerning Human Understanding
(1690) of John Locke and was the stepping-stone to what
has been called 'facultative logic'. In this kind of logic the
content of ideas is as important as their form, and equally
important are the signs designating ideas. This not only
explains why Locke equated logic with semiotics, but also
gives an insight into the origins of the importance of
language for later philosophy and logic.
Jean-Pierre de Crousaz
 Lausane, 1663-1750
‫ متأثر از افکار الک‬
 Nouvel Essai de logique (1712)
 Traité du beau (1714)
 Examen du pyrrhonisme ancien et moderne (1733)
 La Logique ou la système de reflexion (6 vols.,
1741)
‫م‬19 ‫قرن‬
 Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914)
 Studies in Logic (1883, with colleagues)
 On Signs: Writings on Semiotics (1991)
‫م‬19 ‫قرن‬
 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
 ‘On Truth and Lying in an Extra-Moral
Sense’, Friedrich Nietzsche on Rhetoric and
Language, ed. and trans. Sander L. Gilman,
Carole Blair, and David J. Parent, New
York, Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.
246-257
Edmund Husserl, 1859-1938
 Phenomenology
 Prague Circle of Linguistics
Ernest Cassirer, 1874-1945
 Hamburg, Library of the Cultural Sciences founded
by Aby Warburg
 Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (1923–1929)
 Man as a "symbolic animal".
‫ اما انسان ها‬،‫ حيوانات دنيای خود را با غريزه و حس مستقيم درمی يابند‬
.‫جهانی از معانی نمادين می سازند‬
.‫ و دين و هنر از اسطوره پديد آمده اند‬،‫ علم و رياضيات از زبان طبيعی‬
 Language vs. myth.
‫‪Ernest Cassirer, 1874-1945‬‬
‫)‪ The Logic of the Cultural Sciences (1942‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارزش عينی و جهانی نه تنها در علوم‪ ،‬بلکه در پديده های عملی‪،‬‬
‫فرهنگی‪ ،‬اخالقی و زيبايی شناختی نيز قابل دستيابی است‪.‬‬
‫جهانی طبيعت‬
‫‪ ‬در حالی که ارزش عينی بيناذهنی در علوم طبيی از قوانين‬
‫ِ‬
‫مشتق می شود‪ ،‬در علوم فرهنگی نيز ارزش عينی بيناذهنی به نحو‬
‫مشابهی تحقق دارد‪.‬‬
Ernest Cassirer, 1874-1945
 Language and Myth (1925), English translation 1946
by Susanne K. Langer
 The Myth of the State (written and published in
English) (posthumous) (1946)
 The Problem of Knowledge: Philosophy, Science,
and History since Hegel (1950) (online edition)
 Symbol, Myth, and Culture: Essays and Lectures of
Ernst Cassirer, 1935-1945 ed. by Donald Phillip
Verene (1981)
Gustav Shpet, 1879-1937
 #
Gustav Shpet, 1879-1937
 #
Maurice Merleau-Ponty,
1908-1961
 Phenomenology
 Body and Image in Cognition: Corporeity
 Signes (Paris: Gallimard, 1960)
 Le Visible et l’invisible, suivi de notes de travail
Edited by Claude Lefort (Paris: Gallimard, 1964)
Algirdas Julius Greimas,
1917-1992
 Nietzsche, Schopenhauer
 Carrée sémiotique
‫ نشانه شناسی جهان طبيعی‬
Žilvinas (2001). "Algirdas
Greimas in Lithuania and in the World". In
Baranova, Jūratė. Lithuanian Philosophy:
Persons and Ideas, p. 250.
 Beliauskas,
Hermeneutics
 Hans-Georg Gadamer, 1900-2002
 Paul Ricœur, 1913-2005
 Paris School of Semiotics
John L. Austin, 1911-1960
‫ فيلسوف زبان بريتانيايی‬
 Pragmatics, Speech Acts Theory
 Sense and Sensibilia, 1962
 How to do Things with Words: The William James
Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955, 1962
 Philosophical Papers, 1961, 1970, 1979
 Philosophy of Language: The Central Topics by Susana
Nuccetelli, Gary Seay, J.L. Austin and Anthony Brueckner
John L. Austin, 1911-1960
‫ فيلسوف زبان بريتانيايی‬
 Pragmatics, Speech Acts Theory
 Sense and Sensibilia, 1962
 How to do Things with Words: The William James
Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955, 1962
 Philosophical Papers, 1961, 1970, 1979
 Philosophy of Language: The Central Topics by Susana
Nuccetelli, Gary Seay, J.L. Austin and Anthony Brueckner
John Searle, 1932-.
‫ فيلسوف زبان آمريکايی‬
 Pragmatics, Speech Acts Theory
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Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (1969)
Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts (essay
collection; 1979)
Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983)
Minds, Brains and Science: The 1984 Reith Lectures (lecture collection; 1984)
Foundations of Illocutionary Logic (John Searle & Daniel Vanderveken 1985)
The Rediscovery of the Mind (1992)
The Construction of Social Reality (1995)
The Mystery of Consciousness (review collection; 1997)
Mind, Language and Society: Philosophy in the Real World (summary of earlier
work; 1998)
Consciousness and Language (essay collection; 2002)
Making the Social World: The Structure of Human Civilization (2010)
Jakob von Uexküll, 1864-1944
 Umwelt
 Uexküll, Jakob, Bausteine zu einer biologischen
Weltanschauung, 1913
 Uexküll, Jakob, Streifzüge durch die Umwelten von
Tieren und Menschen, 1934
 Uexküll, Jakob, Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere,
1909
Yuri Lotman 1922-1993
 Cultural Semiotics
 Semiosphere
Claus Emeche, 1956-.
‫ رئيس مرکز فلسفه طبيعت‬،‫ زيست شناس نظری و فيلسوف دانمارکی‬
 Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter by
Peter Bogh Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Niels Ole
Finnemann, and Peder Voetmann Christiansen
(1996)
 Towards a Semiotic Biology: Life is the Action of
Signs, ed. by Claus Emmeche, and Kalevi Kull (2011)
Henri Bergson, 1859-1941
 Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience (1889)
 Matière et mémoire (1896)
 Le rire (1900)
 Les Deux Sources de la Morale et de la Religion (1932)
Léon Brunschvicg, 1869-1944
 L'expérience humaine et la causalité physique (1922)
 Héritage de mots, héritage d'idées (1945)
Gaston Bachelard, 1884-1962
 La dialectique de la durée (1936)
 La poétique de l'espace (1958)
 L'eau et les rêves (1942)
 L'air et les songes (1943)
Gérard Chandès
 Le Serpent, la Femme et l‘epée: Recherches Sur
L'Imagination Symbolique d‘un Romancier Medieval
(1987)
 Le Merveilleux et La Magie Dans La Littérature
(1992)
 Le bassin sémiotique et la sémiosphère, 2007
Existentialism
 Eero Tarasti
 Existential semiotics, 2000
 Paris School of Semiotics
Michel Foucault, 1926-1984
 Les mots et les choses 1966
 L’archéologie du savoir, 1969
 Histoire de la folie à l’âge classique, 1976
 Religion and Culture 1999
 Episteme | Discours
Jean-François Lyotard, 19241998
 La Phénoménologie, 1954
 Duchamp's TRANS/formers, 1977
 L’Assassinat de l’expérience par la
peinture, 1984
 Pérégrinations: Loi, forme, événement,
1990
 Chambre sourde: L’Antiesthétique de
Malraux, 1998
Jacques Derrida, 1930-2004
 De la grammatologie, 1967
 L'écriture et la difference, 1967
 Marges de la philosophie, 1972
 Derrida, J., Signéponge, 1975
 Le monolinguisme de l'autre, 1996