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Libraries in Culture and Public
Information; measurement
issues for UNESCO
Simon Ellis
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Outline

Introduction
UNESCO multisectoral interests
 UIS UNESCO’s official stats agency
 Policy drivers
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Library stats
Emerging statistical standards
 Data collections including joint library
work with IFLA/ISO

UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
UNESCO & Libraries
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Education; school textbooks,
lifelong learning, Education for All
[not examined in depth today]
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Communication and Information;
Information for All, digitisation,
archiving
Culture; diversity of cultural
expressions, immaterial heritage
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
CI:WSIS and Knowledge Societies

WSIS Action lines
» C3. Access to information and knowledge
» C7. ICT Applications; e-learning
» C8. Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic
diversity and local content
» C9. Media
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Digital production
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Publishing and Archiving
Access to information and use of ICTs
» Information literacy
» Public access
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
CLT; diversity and preservation
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Convention on diversity of cultural
expressions
» Role of libraries in cultural exchange
» Dialogue of civilizations
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Tangible and intangible heritage
» Role of libraries in preserving culture
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Crafts & Heritage; Uganda
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Cultural assets
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How to value?
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Tombs of the Buganda Kings
CV techniques
Ranking
Traditional knowledge
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Craftsmanship
food and nutrition
dressmedicine
tools, instruments
ritual music
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

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The official UN arm for statistics in
UNESCO’s mandate
Objective; production of data for
EVERY country in the world
Data used to show progress of
countries towards global objectives
(eg WSIS, EFA, MDGs)
Independent Governing Board
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
UIS wants to capture the changing
role of libraries

Diversity of information sources
Digital archives
 Downloads (‘print’, music, DVD)
 Internet access
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‘events’
Education
 Community and citizenship

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Information literacy
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
A good location for collecting
statistics?
Libraries are
 A good data collection point
» perhaps the only recognisable local community
institution > comparability
» Potential to reach local households

Key role in public information
(especially in rural areas)
» location for internet access
» supply of ‘literacy material’
» Education and cultural dialogue; training and
exhibitions
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
BUT some major statistical problems
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Publishers data incomplete
How to measure downloads?
National data only covers major
libraries
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Need to link to poverty & literacy including
digital divide
Need improved statistical coverage;
developing countries especially rural areas
Standards for developing countries
(adapt ISO?)
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Statistical standards
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UIS trying to find data that will
eventually be provided by EVERY
country
international comparability
Few resources for dedicated data
collections
But not always lowest common
denominator
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Standards 1; ISO libraries
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Libraries; type of institution
Collections;
» books & serials; manuscripts, microforms, cartography, music,
audiovisual, graphics, patents,
» eBooks, computer files, databases, current serials, internet
» (additions/withdrawals of above)
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Usage;
» users, loans, in-house use, reservations, info requests,
copying, interlibrary lending (national/international), events,
visits, training
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Access and facilities
» Opening hours, days open, seats, public workstations,
catalogues, copiers, space
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Expenditure; operating, capital
Staff; professional, specialist volunteers, training
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Standards 2; UIS Culture
SICs nuanced by occupation and product classifications
Arts
Heritage
Visual, fine,
performing
arts
Natural Cultural
Tangible and
Intangible
Production &
Consumption
Employment
Employment
Employment
Employment
Value
Value
Value
Value
No
No
Education
Enrolment
Enrolment
Performances
Craft
Performances
in/by schools
Traditional
knowledge
artisan
Story tellers
Festivals ($,
attendance)
Audio-visual Books &
Press
Film, video,
new media
of titles
of titles
ICTs
School
Attendance
in
education
Intangible
Traditional
Languages
Film
Libraries
textbooks
(visitor local)
heritage (no
of themes)
Biodiversity
lang.,medicines
Document
Conservation
Archiving &
(jobs, $)
UNESCOcentres
preserving
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
knowledge on
the Internet
Audio-visual
documentaries
archives
(volumes)
print
in
(volumes,
transactions)
Standards 3; information literacy
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Often seen as a skill/competency
» Complexity of skills assessment at international
level
» Basic literacy starting point for developing
countries
» PISA, IALS, PIAAC, and LAMP
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Supply, access and usage
» Capabilites approach (Amartya Sen)
» Proxy responses in Census and Labour Force
Survey
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IFAB and IFLA?
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
UIS Actions
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Data release press and broadcast
2007/8
Pilot library survey with IFLA 2007
Adopt new cultural statistics
framework 2008-9
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
UIS Press & Broadcast surveys
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Drivers
information for all WSIS C3
 poverty reduction
 Use of ‘older’ technologies
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Indicators
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Relationship Between Newspaper Circulation and Aggregate Income
for Selected Countries (2004)
Total average circulation per 1,000 inhabitant
600
Japan
500
Norway
Switzerland
400
Singapore
R 2 = 0.7662
Austria
300
Germany
Hungary
United States
200
Estonia
Philippines
100
France
Malaysia
Chile
Zambia
0
0
Morocco
5000
South Africa
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2000 international $)
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
35000
40000
Relationship Between Online Newspaper Titles and Internet Users
(2003-2006)
80
Iceland
Online Newspaper Titles per 1,000,000
70
60
50
Slovenia
R
2
= 0.4428
40
30
United States
Saint Lucia
20
Cyprus
10
Portugal
Georgia
Cameroon
0
Republic of Korea
Lebanon
Nicaragua
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Internet Users per 1,000 inhabitant
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
700
800
900
UIS/IFLA/ISO library survey;
comments on adaptations
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Conforms to ISO and IFLA principals &
standards
Seats or space?
Electronic services
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Internet access; critical role in developing countries
Resources; ebooks, databases
website
Events; broader usage
Literacy and education; the place of the library
Finance
How to integrate data from local libraries?
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS
Issues/questions
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Coverage; publishers & libraries
Culture in Africa
Information literacy standards
Role of older technologies in
developing countries, eg radio in
libraries?
UNESCO
INSTITUTE for STATISTICS