Transcript Theorising media-democracy

Information Society –
An African media view
What we’ll cover
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Information Society – its value
What it detracts from & sidelines
But keep it for several reasons
And revise it from an African point of
view.
My view:
• The use of the term “Information Society”
can highlight, and draw attention to,
significant features:
– Role of IT and information as means of
production
– Importance thereof in occupational structure
– Importance thereof in national economies
– Importance thereof in global networked
systems
– Importance to cultural life
High hopes & rosy assumptions
• IS points especially to positive ICTs
• Managed liberalisation (market
overseen by state) is seen as the route
to reach universal access and solve
problems of poverty
• Community empowerment
Problem: What it “hides”
• IS detracts from a number of other
important issues:
– Other factors of production (energy, land)
– “Old economy” industries (food, cars, etc.)
– People doing menial and manual labour
– Cultural contestation
– Real distance and time issues
– Diverse economic and political systems
Often sidelined (a):
While ICTs are romanticised, the
following may be marginalised:
• Questioning the power of information,
• Misinterpreting problems (eg. war, child
abuse) as a simple lack of information.
• What kind of information defines IS?
• What relevance, what reliability?
• What language and what accessibility?
Often sidelined (b):
The political issues:
• Who produces, owns and uses info?
• Who distributes and who gate-keeps?
• Gender, race, class, rural issues in production
and consumption?
• Whose info is it, at what price does it come?
• How free are people to produce & receive it?
• Access to info in the public domain?
• Role of info and media in (and after) Iraq war.
Are we now in the Disinformation Society?
Definitely sidelined!
Where communication
fits into Info Soc…
Where journalism
and media fit in.
Keep concept (if not the faith!):
• “Information Society” has strong currency.
• Strong mobilising concept – like the phrase
“sustainable development”, led to a UN
Summit.
• “IS” puts items on the agenda (eg.
infrastructure, education, governance, work
processes, info flows) which need policy
responses.
Power of the concept:
• It draws special attn to the “network of
networks” – the Internet, and its effects
(see ITU Reader 2)
• “WSIS” invites us to take part in
international policy formulation in regard to
what this “Info Society” could be like – to
think and understand and act about where
we are going. (Gillwald, R2).
Media and the IS
How IS impacts on media:
• Influences who may/can make media –
structure.
• Who can/may say what – content.
• Global media market & policy.
• Who is in the info-business? (Telecoms? ISPs?
Anyone with website? Disintermediation)
How media impacts on IS:
• Media take up of ICTs to be a stronger actor.
• Coverage contributes to IS policy debates.
Challenging the paradigm
 A key aspect of negotiating with
the concept is to reject part of its
assumptions –
 Especially, the info-haves and
info-have nots way of thinking.
Dominant paradigm 1
• Info Society assumes that some countries are
already Information Societies, while others lag
behind in ignorance.
• = the “developed” (ended) & “developing”.
• Africans are assumed to be Info Poor,
Americans/Europeans as Info Rich.
• Solution: build bridges to let Africans come and
share in West’s achievement & knowledge.
• Qtn: what are the flaws in this perspective?
Dominant paradigm 2
• False dualism: idea that there are two separate
worlds of info-rich and info-poor:
– Advanced & backward
– Modern & traditional
• Problem 1:
– What if 2 sides of same coin?
• Example:
– 3rd world dumping ground for “useless” info.
– 3rd world can’t afford quality info.
– 1st world “steals” 3rd world intellectuals.
Dominant paradigm 3
• Problem 2:
– Is the “advanced” (Information Society)
situation really more desirable?
– Is the “backward” really without value?
• Example:
– What are the human values in the 1st
World?
– What real “choice” in 1st world?
Gaps
• The idea that (ordinary) Africans have
something to say, and contribute, is
absent.
• Indigenous knowledge and wisdom, and
culture, is undervalued.
• The recognition that the Info Rich are
ignorant about the 3rd world is missing.
A different view
• Africa’s people not empty-handed entrants
to IS, but can help to transform it.
• Not only consumers of other people’s
knowledge, but also producers and
contributors in our own right.
• Thus, Africans can help shape a global
world that takes cognisance of issues
otherwise not necessarily on the table.
Changing the paradigm
• Thus, an African contribution to shaping an
ideal Information Society could highlight:
– Priority for info/coms to promote peace
– Priority for info/coms to put an end to poverty,
– Need for abolition of racist information,
– Importance of values of community, not only
individualism,
– Ackn importance of traditional & “old” media.
Changing the paradigm
• An African contribution could also highlight :
– Rejecting info imperialism and colonialism,
– Respect for minority languages & culture,
– Info to engender solidarity with global victims
of wars, famines, repression.
• But: there is a danger of exploitative info-mining!
• Intellectual property is an issue!
Policy implications
• How we can use the concept:
– Be sensitive to the links between media,
ICT, economy, occupation, culture, global
networks.
– Don’t treat media policy in isolation of govt
policy & practice on these issues.
– Be alert to cross-cutting issues – i.e.
horizontal policy matters that impact on
media and much more.
Policy implications
• How we can use the concept:
– Examine how the policies of
• a media institution,
• a government and
• international bodies,
add up in terms of relating to the whole.
– Remember the African agenda in all this.
– Investigate how actors who use the term “IS”
understand it in terms of these issue.
What we’ve covered
•
•
•
•
Information Society – its value
What it detracts from & sidelines
Why we can keep the concept
How to revise it from an African point of
view
• Significance of “IS” for understanding
media policy matters.