Transcript Chapter 18 : Section 3

Chapter 18 : Section 3
The Holocaust
Anti-Semitism
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Hatred of Jews
It was easier for Hitler
to blame others for
the problems of
Germany.
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The Jews
MEIN KAMPF – filled
with anti-semitism.
From MEIN KAMPF
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“Let the desolation
which Jewish
hybridization daily
visits on our nation be
clearly seen, this
blood-poisoning that
can be removed from
our body national.”
The Holocaust
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Official Nazi policy.
6 million European Jews
killed.
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2/3 the total population.
5-6 million others died in
the concentration camps.
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Gypsies, Gays, people that
opposed Hitler and
Nazism, mentally ill,
homeless, Jehovah’s
Witnesses.
Nazi Policies about Jews
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Exclude and isolate
Jews.
Laws to keep them from
participating in political,
social or economic life.
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Urged people to boycott
Jewish businesses.
Have no Jewish
employees.
No marriage or mixing
between Jews and Aryans.
What made a person a Jew in
Hitler’s Germany?
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A person who had
three or four Jewish
grandparents –
DESPITE their
current religion.
Any person with two
Jewish grandparents
that practiced the
Jewish religion.
Identifying Jews
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Forced to have “J” on
all identity cards.
Wear yellow stars on
all clothing.
Made Jews open to
public attack and
police harassment.
Kept Jews from going
to Switzerland.
Hitler’s Police
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Gestapo
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Secret Police
Identify and pursue
enemies of the Nazis
SS
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Schutzstaffel
Private army of the
Nazis
Guarded and collected
information on
prisoners
Kristallnacht
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November 9, 1938
“Night of Broken
Glass”
Nazi destruction of
Jewish homes,
businesses,
synagogues
Thousands
arrested and
shipped off to
Concentration
Camps
Jewish Refugees
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Sought to get away
from Hitler and the
Nazis.
Escapes to other
European countries.
Depression and antisemitism prevented
the US from taking in
many.
Evian Conference:1938
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Meant to find solution
for Jewish refugees.
Meant to stop Jewish
refugees from going
to Palestine.
Out of 32 nations
attending ONLY the
Dominican Republic
agreed to take
refugees.
From Murder to Genocide
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As the Nazis moved
into European
countries the SS and
Gestapo found many
Jews.
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2 million in Poland
Many were refugees
from Germany
The Warsaw Ghetto
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400,000 Jews
confined to a few
blocks.
Sealed off with brick
and barbed wire.
Little food,
overcrowded, no
medical and no
sanitation.
The Warsaw Ghetto
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Thousands died
every month.
But that was “too
inefficient” for the
Nazis
The Einsatzgruppen
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Other ways to kill
Jews.
Mobile execution
squads.
Babi Yar – 33,000
Jews killed in 2 days.
STILL not efficient
enough for the Nazis.
Wannsee Conference
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“The Final Solution”
for the Jews.
Special camps in
Poland to commit
GENOCIDE.
Deliberate destruction
of an entire ethnic or
cultural group.
The Death Camps
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Poison gas to be
used to kill.
Zyklon B most
effective gas.
Built 6 camps for
primary purpose of
mass murder.
The Death Camps
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Jews from Poland,
Netherlands,
Germany and other
occupied lands were
sent to the camps.
Transported in cattle
cars.
4 of 6 camps sent
everyone directly to
death.
Auschwitz: The worst
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Prisoners herded off
the transport and put
into two lines.
Elderly, women with
children, those who
were sick or looked
weak were taken to
the “showers”
Auschwitz
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Jewish prisoners who
were “healthy” had
the job of carrying out
the bodies and
putting them in the
crematoria.
Sorted clothing,
belongings, any gold
fillings from bodies.
Auschwitz
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Life expectancy for
prisoners was
months.
12,000 victims could
be gassed a day.
Some used for
medical experiments.
1.5 million died in
Auschwitz.
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90% were Jews
Fighting Back
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Some Jews joined
Resistance networks and
fought the Nazis.
Violent uprisings in some
ghettos
Death camp Treblinka
was so damaged in
rioting, it closed.
All rebellions were
crushed
Rescue and Liberation
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The US had a good
idea of what was
happening at Death
Camps in 1942
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Disbelief
No interest in the
media or in
Washington.
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Problem wasn’t here.
Rescue and Liberation
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1944 FDR created
the War Refugee
Board to help Jews
escape the Nazis
Funded Raoul
Wallenberg to save
thousands of
Hungarian Jews.
Rescue and Liberation
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April 1945 : Liberation
of the camps.
US and Allied forces
arrived.
Nuremberg Trials
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After the war 24 Nazi
defendants were put
on trial for “crimes
against humanity” for
WWII atrocities.
12 received death
sentences.
Importance of the Nuremberg
Trials
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People couldn’t use
the excuse they were
“just following orders”
as a defense for what
they did.
Individuals are
responsible for their
own actions.