Transcript Nanodialogues in Peru November 2007

Nanoscience
@Cambridge
IRC in
Nanotechnology
Nanoscience
James Bendall
Nanoscience Centre
IRC in Nanotechnology
University of Cambridge
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk
Definitions
• Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and
manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and
macromolecular scales, where properties differ
significantly from those at larger scale.
• Nanotechnology is the design, characterisation,
production of and application of structures, devices
and systems by controlling shape and size at the
nanometre scale.
Surface area
• Surface area proportional to 1/size:
Given 1cm3 of material
1cm3 cube
1mm3 cubes
1nm3 cubes
Proportion of surface atoms:
1cm3 cube
1mm3 cube
1nm3 cube
6m2
6000m2
6cm2
1 in 107
1 in 103
80%
Properties at the nanoscale - optical
Lycurgus chalice ~400AD
70nm particles
of gold and silver
[Johann Kunckel
~1670, Germany]
Diffused light
Focussed light
“Nanotechnology has given us
the tools…to play with the
ultimate toy box of nature –
atoms and molecules.
Everything is made from
it….The possibilities to create
new things appear limitless”
Horst Stormer
Lucent Technologies and Columbia
University, Nobel Prize winner.
Shape - synthesis
Temperature
(900-1190C)
Big catalyst flower
Cone
Flowers
Nanowires
Pressure
Nanowires flowers
(1-20 Torr)
Graphite
Flow rate
(50-500 sccm)
Family of SiC nanostructures
Same element…different
properties
•Semiconductor
•Hard
•Electrical insulator
•Perfectly symmetrical molecule
•Soft
•Electrical conductor
CARBON
•Strong
•Metallic or
semiconducting
World Funding for Nanotechnology (2004)
Private
1300
Private
1700
2.000
1.000
0
Member
States +
Associated
1.339
EC
477
Europe
States
400
EC in 2007
Expenditure (M$)
3.000
Private
1400
Public
1.872
Federal
991
Public
900
US
Japan
Others
Source : European Commission(2004) : Private figures based on upon Lux Research
Courtesy : E. Andreta
Predicted value of Nano Industry
Many studies of the MNT industry have been carried out
and have predicted the future value of business

Estimated at $1,000
million p.a. in 10 years time
It is not just the value of the MNT industry that is important, but
also the economic impact MNT will have across manufacturing,
the medical field, and defence

Additional annual sales of nearly $3,000 million p.a. in new
or improved industrial products and medical systems are
predicted through the use of MNT devices in 10 years time
Key MNT Market Areas for the UK

Healthcare and Biotechnology

Automotive and Aerospace

Information and Communications Technologies

Food and Drink

Advanced Manufacturing

Advanced Materials

Energy

Security and Environmental
Nanotechnology for water
applications
• Nanomembranes for water purification,
desalination, detoxification
e.g. carbon nanotube
engineering
Nanotechnology for water
applications
• Nanosensors for detection of
contaminants and pathogens
Nanotechnology for water
applications
• Nanoporous material for water purification
Nanotechnology for water
applications
• Oxide nanomaterials for pollution
degradation
• Magnetic nanoparticles for water treatment
and remediation