Transcript East Asia Review

East Asia Review
These are questions regarding
China, Korea and Japan from the
1998-2008 Regents
Question 1
• In China, the development of civil service
examinations and a belief in filial piety
reflect the influence of
• (1) Shinto
(3) Confucianism
• (2) Animism (4) Buddhism
Question 2
• One way in which the travels of Marco
Polo and Ibn Battuta are similar is that
they resulted in
• (1) an increased interest in different
cultures
• (2) the development of slavery
• (3) a reduction in trade
• (4) the discovery East Asia
Question 3
• The Portuguese control of Macao and the
British control of Hong Kong in China are
examples of
• (1) collectivization (3) self-determination
• (2) imperialism (4) containment
Question 4
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Commodore Matthew Perry’s visits to Japan in
1853 and 1854 resulted in the
(1) colonization of Japan by the United States
(2) transfer of spheres of influence to China
(3) introduction of Christianity to Japanese
society
(4) opening of trade and diplomatic relations
with Japan
Question 5
• A primary reason for Japan’s involvement in the
• Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese
War was to
• (1) acquire natural resources in Manchuria and
• Korea
• (2) control trade and markets in Southeast Asia
• (3) end Japan’s policy of isolationism
• (4) remove foreign invaders from Japanese soil
Question 6
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“. . . Seventy thousand people were killed
instantly, and many more would die — 60,000 by
November and another 70,000 by 1950. Most of
them would be victims of a new method of killing
— radiation. . . .”
— Ronald Takai
The situation described in this passage was the
direct result of which World War II event?
(1) blitz of London
(2) attack on Pearl Harbor
(3) D-Day invasion of Normandy
(4) bombing of Hiroshima
Question 7
• In 1989, the government of China responded to
• the challenge of protests in Tiananmen Square
by
• (1) halting trade with the West
• (2) allowing democratic elections
• (3) sending in tanks and troops to end the
• demonstrations
• (4) calling for a special session of the United
• Nations Security Council
Question 8
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Confucianism had a strong impact on the
development of China mainly because this
philosophy
(1) established a basic structure for military rule
(2) provided a basis for social order
(3) contained the framework for a communist
government
(4) stressed the importance of the individual
Question 9
• A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages
during the 15th century was to
• (1) promote trade and collect tribute
• (2) establish colonies in Africa and India
• (3) seal off China’s borders from foreign
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• (4) prove the world was round
Question 10
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What was one impact of industrialization on
Japan during the Meiji Restoration?
(1) Japan became more isolated from world
affairs.
(2) Demand for natural resources increased.
(3) Japan became a colonial possession of
China.
• (4) Traditional practices of Bushido were
• reintroduced
Question 11
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The Four Modernizations of Deng Xiaoping in
the 1970s and 1980s resulted in
(1) an emphasis on the Five Relationships
(2) a return to Maoist revolutionary principles
(3) a move toward increased capitalism
(4) the end of the communist system of
Government
Question 12
• One way in which Ho Chi Minh, Fidel
Castro, and Kim Jong Il are similar is that
each
• (1) set up democratic governments
• (2) used Marxist political principles
• (3) overthrew a ruling monarch
• (4) promoted Confucian principles
Question 13
• Which geographic factor had the most
influence on the development of Inca
society and Japanese society?
• (1) frequent monsoons
• (2) large deserts
• (3) mountainous topography
• (4) tropical climate
Question 14
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One way in which the Sepoy Mutiny in India, the
Zulu resistance in southern Africa, and the Boxer
Rebellion in China are similar is that each
resulted from
(1) government policies of ethnic cleansing
(2) attempts by democratic forces to overthrow
the monarchy
(3) native reaction to foreign interference in the
region
(4) government denial of access to fertile
farmland
Question 15
• Which belief is most closely associated
with the philosophy of Confucianism?
• (1) nirvana (3) prayer
• (2) reincarnation (4) filial piety
Question 16
• The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo
are most closely associated with which
group in Japanese history?
• (1) emperors (3) peasants
• (2) warriors (4) merchants
Question 17
• One similarity between the Sepoy Mutiny
and the Boxer Rebellion is that they
• (1) opposed European imperialism
• (2) ended an established dynasty
• (3) resulted in the redistribution of land
• (4) instituted communist governments
Question 18
• A similarity between the Polish group Solidarity
• in 1980 and the Chinese protesters in
Tiananmen Square in 1989 is that both groups
• (1) supported movements for democracy
• (2) succeeded in ending communism
• (3) encouraged military occupation by the Soviet
• Union
• (4) favored increases in military spending
Question 19
• The status of Hong Kong changed in July
1997 when the city
• (1) was returned to China
• (2) was closed to international trade
• (3) became an independent nation
• (4) adopted a capitalist economy
Question 20
• Kim Jong Il and Fidel Castro are 21stcentury leaders who believe in the ideas of
• (1) Karl Marx
• (2) Adam Smith
• (3) Siddhartha Gautama
• (4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Question 21
• One similarity between the ancient
civilizations in Egypt and in China is that
they developed
• (1) nomadic lifestyles
• (2) monotheistic belief systems
• (3) democratic governments
• (4) written forms of communication
Question 22
• Which statement about the geography of Japan
is most accurate?
• (1) Location has made it easy to invade.
• (2) The irregular coastline has many natural
• harbors.
• (3) Large plains are its primary physical feature.
• (4) Earthquakes do not threaten the islands.
Question 23
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What was one long-term impact of Marco Polo’s
visit to China?
(1) The Chinese began construction of the Great
Wall.
(2) The principle of divine right was introduced
to China.
(3) Christianity rapidly spread throughout the
Yuan Empire.
(4) Europeans increased trade with China.
Question 24
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During the 19th century, European nations
established spheres of influence in China mainly
to
(1) profit from the ivory trade
(2) introduce Islam to the Chinese people
(3) gain commercial advantages in China
(4) obtain human rights for Chinese citizens
Question 25
In China, Deng Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations
led to
(1) a decrease in industrialization
(2) a decreased interest in investments by foreign
businesses
(3) an increase in the emphasis on collective
farming
(4) an increased use of free-market practices
Question 26
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The ancient cultures of both the Incas and the
Chinese adapted to the physical geography of
their region by
(1) developing terrace farming on hillsides
(2) building chariots to protect their open plains
against invaders
(3) becoming maritime traders
(4) constructing harbors to encourage
exploration
Question 27
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What was a direct result of the Opium War in
19th-century China?
(1) Japan gained control of Hong Kong.
(2) Kublai Khan rose to power in China.
(3) Chinese ports were opened for trade with
European powers.
(4) Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) fled to
Taiwan.
Question 28
• Which pair of leaders used political purges,
• including the killing of opposition groups, as a
• means of maintaining control of the
government?
• (1) Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) and Emperor
• Hirohito
• (2) Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong
• (3) Simón Bolívar and Bernardo O’Higgins
• (4) F. W. de Klerk and Indira Gandhi
Question 29
• One similarity between animism and
Shinto is that people who follow these
belief systems
• (1) practice filial piety
• (2) worship spirits in nature
• (3) are monotheistic
• (4) are required to make pilgrimages
Question 30
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Buddhist temples are found in Japan.
Most Indonesians study the Koran.
Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin
America.
These statements illustrate a result of
(1) westernization
(2) cultural diffusion
(3) economic nationalism
(4) fundamentalism
Question 31
• Both European medieval knights and
Japanese samurai warriors pledged oaths
of
• (1) loyalty to their military leader
• (2) devotion to their nation-state
• (3) service to their church
• (4) allegiance to their families
Question 32
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Egypt builds the Aswan Dam to control
flooding and produce hydroelectric power.
China builds the Three Gorges Dam to control
flooding and improve trade.
Brazil builds the Tucuruí Dam in the tropical
rain forest to produce hydroelectric power.
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Which conclusion can be drawn from these
statements?
(1) Societies often modify their environment to
meet their needs.
(2) Monsoons are needed for the development of
societies.
(3) Topography creates challenges that societies
are unable to overcome.
(4) Land features influence the development of
diverse belief systems.
Question 33
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One way in which the Tang dynasty, the Gupta
Empire, and the European Renaissance are
similar is that they all included periods of
(1) religious unity
(2) democratic reforms
(3) economic isolation
(4) cultural achievements
Question 34
• Which pair of belief systems share a belief
that spirits reside in natural objects and
forms?
• (1) Hinduism and Confucianism
• (2) Islam and Judaism
• (3) Shintoism and animism
• (4) Christianity and Buddhism
Question 35
• Which statement about the Tang dynasty is a fact
• rather than an opinion?
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(1) Technical advances would have been greater
if the Tang dynasty had lasted longer.
(2) China’s best emperors came from the Tang
dynasty.
(3) The Tang emperors granted government jobs
to scholars who passed examinations.
(4) The culture of the Tang dynasty was superior
to that of the Han dynasty.
Question 36
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What was a long-term impact of Marco Polo’s
trips to China?
(1) The Silk Roads replaced the all-water route
to Asia.
(2) The Chinese forced the Europeans to trade
only in Peking.
(3) China was isolated from other countries.
(4) Trade increased between China and Europe.
Question 37
• The Sepoy Rebellion was to India as the
Boxer Rebellion was to
• (1) Russia (3) Japan
• (2) China (4) Italy
Question 38
• One reason for Japan’s rapid
industrialization during the Meiji
Restoration was that Japan had
• (1) rejected Western ideas
• (2) used its access to the sea for fishing
• (3) relied on traditional isolationist policies
• (4) reformed its political and economic
systems
Question 39
• One reason the Japanese followed a
policy of expansionism before World War
II was to gain
• (1) warm-water ports
• (2) control of Tibet
• (3) additional natural resources
• (4) control of the Suez Canal
Question 40
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“Korea Divided at 38th Parallel”
“Hungarian Revolution Crushed”
“Missile Sites Spotted in Cuba”
The events in these headlines contributed to the
(1) development of peacetime alliances
(2) collapse of the Soviet Union
(3) rejection of imperialism by Western nations
(4) tensions between the superpowers
Question 41
• One reason the Chinese Communists
were able to gain control of China was
primarily due to the support of the
• (1) peasants (3) foreigners
• (2) landed elite (4) warlords
Question 42
• Which nation had the greatest influence on
the recent histories of Taiwan, Hong Kong,
and Tibet?
• (1) India (3) China
• (2) South Korea (4) Russia
Question 43
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“. . . We cannot and must not allow ourselves to
have the message of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
fade completely from our minds, and we cannot
allow our vision or ideals to fade, either. For if we
do, we have but one course left for us. And that
flash of light will not only rob us of our vision, but
it will rob us of our lives, our progeny
[descendants], and our very existence.”
— Tadatoshi Akiba, Mayor of Hiroshima
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With which issue is Mayor Akiba most concerned?
(1) depletion of the ozone layer
(2) treatment of infectious diseases
(3) nuclear proliferation
(4) international terrorism
Question 44
• Both Inca farmers and Japanese farmers adapted
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(1) engaging in overseas expansion
(2) growing crops suited to desert climates
(3) building terraces into the mountainsides
(4) reclaiming land from the sea by building dikes
Question 45
• Which civilization first developed a civil service
• system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured
• porcelain?
• (1) Aztec (3) Japanese
• (2) Chinese (4) Roman
Question 46
• Which two belief systems teach that there
are spirits in nature?
• (1) Shinto and animism
• (2) Hinduism and Confucianism
• (3) Judaism and Christianity
• (4) Islam and Buddhism
Question 47
• Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and
• Ibn Battuta because they
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(1) serve as primary sources about trade and
culture
(2) provide the basis for European holy books
(3) include advice on how to be a democratic
ruler
(4) present unbiased views of life in Africa and
Asia
Question 48
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“. . . I am willing to admit my pride in this
accomplishment for Japan. The facts are these:
It was not until the sixth year of Kaei (1853) that
a steamship was seen for the first time; it was only
in the second year of Ansei (1855) that we began
to study navigation from the Dutch in Nagasaki;
by 1860, the science was sufficiently understood
to enable us to sail a ship across the Pacific. This
means that about seven years after the first sight
of a steamship, after only about five years of
practice, the Japanese people made a transPacific crossing without help from foreign
experts. I think we can without undue pride
boast before the world of this courage and skill.
As I have shown, the Japanese officers were to
receive no aid from Captain Brooke throughout
the voyage. Even in taking observations, our
officers and the Americans made them
independently of each other. Sometimes they
compared their results, but we were never in the
least dependent on the Americans. . . .”
— Eiichi Kiyooka, trans., The Autobiography of
Fukuzawa Yukichi, The Hokuseido Press, 1934
Question 48
• Which set of events is most closely associated
• with the nation described in this passage?
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(1) end of the Opium War → creation of
European spheres of influence
(2) end of the Tokugawa Shogunate →beginning
of the Meiji Restoration
(3) fall of the Manchus → rise of Sun Yixian
(Sun Yat-sen)
(4) imperialism in China →start of World War II
Question 49
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One similarity between Mikhail Gorbachev’s
perestroika and Deng Xiaoping’s Four
Modernizations is that each
(1) allowed elements of capitalism
(2) maintained the democratic process
(3) strengthened communism
(4) increased global tensions
Question 50
• One similarity between the Korean War and the
• Vietnam War is that both wars were
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(1) resolved through the diplomatic efforts of the
United Nations
(2) fought as a result of differing political
ideologies during the Cold War
(3) fought without foreign influence or assistance
(4) caused by religious conflicts
Question 51
• Which practice in medieval Europe was most
• similar to a Japanese warrior’s code of bushido?
• (1) indulgences (3) chivalry
• (2) serfdom (4) tribute
Question 52
• The exchange of silks and spices and the spread of
• Buddhism along the Silk Roads are examples of
• (1) cultural diffusion (3) ethnocentrism
• (2) self-sufficiency (4) desertification
Question 53
• Which two cultures most influenced the
• development of early Japan?
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(1) Greek and Roman
(2) Chinese and Korean
(3) Egyptian and Mesopotamian
(4) Indian and Persian
Question 54
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The Opium Wars in China and the expedition of
Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan resulted in
(1) the economic isolation of China and Japan
(2) an increase in Chinese influence in Asia
(3) the beginning of democratic governments in
China and Japan
(4) an increase in Western trade and influence in
Asia
Question 55
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What was a direct result of the Meiji Restoration
in Japan?
(1) Japan became a modern industrial nation.
(2) The Tokugawa Shogunate seized control of
the government.
(3) Russia signed a mutual trade agreement.
(4) Japan stayed politically isolated.
Question 56
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One similarity in the leadership of Jomo
Kenyatta, José de San Martín, and Sun Yixian
(Sun Yat-sen) is that they
(1) supported nationalistic movements
(2) organized communist rebellions
(3) opposed trade with other nations
(4) established democratic rule in their countries
Question 57
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• Scholars take civil service examinations for
government positions.
• Students form Red Guard units to challenge
counterrevolutionaries.
• Students demonstrate for democratic reforms
in the capital and are killed by government
troops.
These statements describe the changing role of
students in which nation?
(1) Japan (3) Russia
(2) China (4) India
Question 58
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civilizations to develop and flourish.
• In the 1500s and 1600s, control of the Strait of
Malacca determined who traded in the Spice
Islands.
• Because Japan is an island that is mostly mountainous,
people live in densely populated areas
along the coast.
Which conclusion is best supported by these
statements?
(1) Major urban centers are found only along
rivers.
(2) The geography of a nation or region influences
its development.
(3) Without mountains and rivers, people cannot
develop a culture.
(4) The spread of new ideas is discouraged by
trade and conquest.
Question 59
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Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia
is most accurate?
(1) Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code
to China.
(2) Roman legions introduced Christianity to
India.
(3) Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle
East.
(4) Chinese ideas and practices spread into
Korea and Japan.
Question 60
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“. . . Let the king and his ministers labor with a
mutual sympathy, saying, ‘We have received the
decree of Heaven and it shall be great as the longcontinued
years of Hsia; yea, it shall not fail of the
long-continued years of Yin.’ I wish the king,
through the attachment of the lower people, to
receive the long-abiding decree of Heaven. . . .”
— Clae Waltham, ed., Shu Ching, Book of History
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Which concept is being referred to in this
passage?
(1) dynastic cycle (3) natural rights
(2) matriarchal society (4) monotheism
Question 61
Question 61
Question 62
Question 63
Question 63
Question 64
Question 65
Question 66
Question 67
Question 68
Question 69
Question 70
Question 71
Questions 72/73
Question 74
Question 75
Question 76
Question 77
Question 78
Question 79
Question 80/81
Question 82
Question 83
Questions 84/85
Question 86
Question 87
Question 88
Questions 89/90
Question 91
Question 92
Question 93
Question 94
Question 95
Question 96
Question 97
Question 98
Question 99
Question 100
Question 101
Question 102
Question 103
Question 104
Question 105
Question 106/107/108
Question 109
Question 110
Questions 111/112
Question 113
Question 114
Questions 115/116
Question 117
Question 118
Question 119
Question 120
Question 121
Question 122/123
Question 124
Question 125
Question 126
Question 127
Question 128
Question 129
Question 130