Transcript IVL activities in support of international air pollution

IVL activities in support of international air pollution
policies
John Munthe
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute
Presentation outline
 Short IVL presentation
 The LRTAP convention
 Examples of national reporting performed by IVL:
- Emissions inventories and projections
- Monitoring (EMEP)
- Critical Loads - NFC
 Examples of other research and monitoring activities in
support of international air pollution policies:
The ASTA and SCARP programmes, transport research.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
IVL Swedish Environmental Research
Institute
 IVL is an independent research body focused on the
development of solutions to environmental problems
on behalf of the business sector and society.
 IVL is a limited company owned by the Foundation for
the Swedish Environmental Research Institute (SIVL).
 Government and industry are represented with an
equal number of board members in the SIVL Board and
in the IVL Company Board.
 IVL has around 170 employees.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
The Convention on long range
transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP)
 Convention signed in 1979 mainly as a result of
research leading to the discovery of transboundary air
pollution as a main cause of acidification in Scandinavia
 The aim of the Convention is to limit long-range
transboundary air pollution. Parties develop policies
and strategies to combat the discharge of air pollutants
through exchanges of information, consultation,
research and monitoring
 The Convention has been extended by eight protocols
that identify specific measures to be taken by Parties to
cut their emissions of air pollutants.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
The CLRTAP protocols
 The 1984 – Long term financing of EMEP (monitoring,
modelling, data collection and assessment)
 The 1985 – Reduction of sulphur emissions by 30%
 The 1988 – Control of Nitrogen oxides
 The 1991 – Volatile Organic Compounds
 The 1994 – Futher reduction of sulphur emissions
 The 1998 – Heavy metals
 The 1998 - Persistent Organic Pollutants
 The 1999 – Acidification, eutrophication and ozone
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
CLRTAP organisation
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Examples of IVL contributions to CLRTAP
Emission inventories
Monitoring data
Critical loads
GAINS modelling
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Swedish Methodology for Environmental
Data - The SMED Consortium
 Was established in 2000.
 Consists of four independent organizations.
 Four programme areas: Air, Water, Waste, Hazardous
Substances.
 Has performed the National Greenhouse Gas and Air Emission
Inventories since 2000.
 Since 2006, a long-term framework agreement with the
Swedish EPA to compile data and documentation for national
and international environmental reporting.
 Has an overall quality system in addition to separate systems
for each organization, and specific quality manuals for the
programme areas.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Main responsibilities, Air
SMED
Swedish Methodology for Environmental Data
SMHI
Swedish
Meteorological and
Hydrological
Institute
IVL
Swedish
Environmental
Research Institute
SCB
Statistics Sweden
SLU
Swedish University
of Agricultural
Sciences
Tools for QC,
geographical
distribution, normal
year correction
Industrial
processes, Solvent
and other product
use
Energy, Agriculture,
Waste
Land use, land use
change and forestry
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Trade
associations,
experts
Environmental
reports,
individual
facilities
Emission factors
Methodology
Data sources
Emissions
Activity data
Emission factors
Guidelines
Emissions
Activity data
Emission factors
Calculations
Models
Compilation
Activity data
Product
Register
KemI
National
authorities
Activity data
Emission factors
National
statistics
Activity data
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Annual Process of Air Inventory
Preparation
 Data collection
Improvements
 Data processing
 Compilation (reporting tables, inventory reports) SMED internal
audit
 Submission to the Swedish EPA
 National independent review, corrections, suggestions for
improvements
 Swedish EPA submits to the Ministry of Environment
 MoE submits to Conventions and EU
 International review, suggestions for improvements
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Emission trends of SO2 in Sweden
120
100
80
Energy
Industrial processes
60
Transport
Waste
40
20
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
Gg SO2
SO2 Total
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Emission trends of NOx in Sweden
350
300
250
200
Transport
Energy
Industrial processes
150
Waste
100
50
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
0
1990
Gg NOx
NOx total
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Monitoring of air pollution for EMEP
 IVL is responsible for most of the EMEP monitoring in
Sweden, under contract to the Swedish EPA.
 Rural background measurements are made at eight
monitoring stations across the country.
 The monitoring network measures sulphur and nitrogen
compounds, mercury and other heavy metals and
persistent organic pollutants in air and precipitation.
 Ozone and particles are measured in air and base
cations in precipitation.
 Through IVL, Sweden has unbroken air quality data for
some parameters for more than 30 years.
 Also monitoring activites for reporting to ICP Forest,
ICP Integrated Monitoring
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Yearly means of SO2-S in rural background air in Sweden
6
1978-2005
5
SO2-S (µg m-3)
4
3
2
1
0
1978
1981
1984
1987
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
Aneboda
Bredkälen
Djursvallen nedre
Docksta
Gammtratten
Granan
Gårdsjön
Hoburgen
Jädraås
Kindlahöjden
Pålkem
Rickleå
Rörvik/Råö
Sjöängen
Sännen
Vavihill
2005
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Regional throughfall
monitoring network
Wet deposition
Dry deposition
open field
air
concentration
ground water
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Sulphur deposition in forests
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Critical loads
 Sweden and IVL were closely involved in the
development of the critical loads concepts 20 years
ago.
 The Swedish National Focal Centre for critical loads
modelling and mapping activities is based at IVL.
 It is responsible for co-ordinating the critical loads
mapping activities in Sweden and compiling national
critical loads datasets and maps from data supplied by
Swedish experts.
 Sweden and IVL have taken strong action in developing
critical loads to include dynamic aspects.
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Research in support of the Convention
and other international initiatives
 The ASTA programme -International and National
Abatement Strategies for Transboundary Air Pollution
1999 – 2002 (IVL in cooperation with several Swedish
Universities)
 SCARP – Swedish Clean Air Research Programme,
2006-2009 (2010 - 2012) (IVL in cooperation with
several Swedish Universities)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Main research topics in SCARP (and
ASTA)
 Dynamic modelling of acidification and recovery in
forest soils and lakes – development of new concepts
for critical loads for acidification
 Nitrogen impacts on plant species diversity –
development of new concepts for critical loads for
nitrogen deposition.
 Particles – mechanisms for formation of secondary
particles – implementation of process descriptions ion
atmospheric models
 Ozone effects on vegetation – development and
aplication of flux based effect criteria (ASTA)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Main research topics in SCARP (and
ASTA)
 Development of national version of Integrated
assessment mode GAINS – also cooperation with
Russia, Ukraine and Belarus
 Economic valuation of air pollution impacts
 Non technical measures (behavioural changes)
 Human health impacts of air pollution - health effects
related to short- and long term exposure to air
pollution with emphasis on exposure to particles from
road traffic, local wood burning and long range
transport (SCARP)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Key activities within the transport sector
 Implementation and evaluation of road transport
emission models (European models ARTEMIS,
Handbook of Emissions Factors, COPERT)
 Development of user-friendly tools to assess
environmental and climate impact from transports
 Close collaboration with NTM – Network for Transport
and the Environment (http://www.ntm.a.se/)
 Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM)
 Real-world (on-road and onboard) emission
measurements
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
On-Road Emission Measurements by Optical Remote Sensing
NO, HC, PM, CO2
FEAT (Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test)
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Urban monitoring and dispersion
modelling
Diffusive samplers for
mapping air pollutant
concentrations
VOC in Swedish cities
40
Nonane O-xylene MP-xylene Etylbenzene
Butylacetate Octane Toluene Benzene
15*
µg/m3
30
700*
150*
20
60*
15*
80*
10
0
Älmhult
Göteborg Karlstad
Stockholm Östersund Lycksele
* 1000 inhabitants
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Dispersion modelling – wood burning
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
Other activities at IVL....
 Assessment of Best available technology and
technology standards
 Cost efficiency och control measures
 Policy evaluation including economic instruments
 Expert advice on emissions, dispersion and impacts of
Hg, POPs
 Expert advice on urban air quality
 Shipping emissions
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009
More information...
 www.ivl.se
 www.scarp.se
 [email protected]
IVL activities in support of international air pollution policies
John Munthe. March 31, 2009