Transcript The Sports Medicine Team

Chapter 1: Fitness Professionals,
Coaches, and the Sports Medicine
Team: Defining Roles
© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
• Growing demand for well-educated,
professionally trained personnel to
supervise and oversee recreational sport and
physical activity
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Coaches
Fitness professionals
Recreation specialists
Athletic administrators
Others interested in various aspects of exercise
and sports science
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• Injury is a part of athletics
– Athletes have a right to expect that those that
are overseeing their particular view their health
and safety as a priority
– Critical to have individuals that are aware of
both treatment and prevention
• Should be able to recognize injury, provide basic
medical assistance and refer injured individual to
appropriate medical personnel
• Well-trained professionals are not always healthcare
professionals and may be in violation if they attempt
to provide treatment and care
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What Is Sports Medicine ?
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• Sports medicine refers to a broad field of medical
practices related to physical activity and sport
– Defined by American College of Sports Medicine
(ACSM) as multidisciplinary
– Includes physiological, biomechanical, psychological
and pathological phenomena associated with exercise
and sport
– Clinical application in these areas is aimed at improving
and maintaining functional capacities for physical labor
and support
• Sports medicines generally focuses on areas of
performance enhancement, injury care and
prevention,
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Human
Performance
Injury
Management
Exercise Physiology
Practice of Medicine
Biomechanics
Sports Physical Therapy
Sport Psychology
Athletic Training
Sports Nutrition
Sports Massage
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Sports Medicine Organizations
• Sports medicine organizations tend to have many
goals
– Upgrade field by devising and maintaining a set of
professional standards (code of ethics)
– Bring professionals together in collegial fashion for
exchange of ideas, critical thinking and research for
advancement of profession
– Provide opportunities for individuals to work together
toward singleness of purpose
• Many national organizations have state and local
associations, serving as extensions of the larger
body
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Historical Development of Sports
Medicine Organizations
•International Federation of Sports Medicine (1928)
•American Academy of Family Physicians (1947)
•National Athletic Trainers Association (1950)
•American College of Sports Medicine (1954)
•American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (1972)
•National Strength and Conditioning Association (1978)
•American Academy of Pediatrics, Sports Committee (1979)
•Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTA (1981)
•NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical
Aspects of Sports (1985)
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Athletic Healthcare in Organized vs.
Recreational Sports Activities
• Delivery of healthcare is dependent on whether
the event is organized or recreational
• Organized activity
– Generally competitive
– Involves teams, leagues (secondary schools,
collegiate and professional teams)
– Players of the sports medicine team (coach,
athletic trainer, physician) are employed on full- or
part-time
– College setting may also have nutritionist, sports
psychologist, strength & conditioning coach,
massage therapist
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• Recreational activity
– Can be competitive but often times is done
more for leisure and is much less formal
– City and community-based recreational leagues
and teams
– Often include fitness-oriented events
– Sometimes recreational athlete will hire a
personal fitness trainer
– If injury occurs they are more likely to consult
with a family physician, sports chiropractor or a
sports physical therapist
• Typically, care provided on a fee for care basis
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The Players on the Sports
Medicine Team
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• Provision of healthcare requires a group
effort to be most effective
• Involves a number of individuals
• Each member of the team must perform
specific functions relative to caring for the
injured athlete
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How does the Fitness
Professional Relate to the
Sports Medicine Team?
• Focus of the group is on improving
performance
• Argument can be made that by an athlete
achieving a higher level of fitness, injuries
are less likely to occur
• The relationship between performance
enhancement and injury prevention is
critical
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• Personal Fitness Trainer
– Responsible for designing a comprehensive
exercise program to meet an individuals needs
and goals while also considering a person’s
health history
– Field emerged in the 1970’s and expanded
tremendously in the 1980’s
• Become an incredibly fast growing and expansive
field
• Work with all types of individuals
– No single standard qualification for a person to
practice as a fitness trainer
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– Four primary organizations
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American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM)
National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA)
American Council on Exercise (ACE)
These organizations have specific requirements,
mandatory testing/retesting, renewal periods, and
continuing education
• Some even require a formal educational degree in
exercise science or another related field
– All personal fitness trainers should be certified in
CPR1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1,
National Safety Council2 or American Heart
Association3)
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– Strongest growth segment of the fitness
industry
– Providing increasing services in postrehabilitation training, sports conditioning,
special medical needs, and weight management
– Working with a variety of client populations
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• Strength & Conditioning Coaches
– Oversee fitness of an athlete
– Often employed at the collegiate level for both
team and individual training sessions
– Typically certified by the NSCA
– All strength & conditioning coaches should be
certified in CPR1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2
(Red Cross1, National Safety Council2 or
American Heart Association3)
– Must work with the athletic trainer when it
comes to modifying a strength training program
relative to injury
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– Strength & conditioning coaches are typically
not available at the high school level
• The athletic trainer or team coach typically assume
this roles in these situations
• Will require both program development and
overseeing the weight room
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How does a Recreation
Specialist Relate to the Sports
Medicine Team?
• A recreation specialist plans, organizes, and
oversees leisure activities and athletic
programs in local recreation camp and park
areas; in playground; in health clubs and
fitness centers; in the workplace; and in
theme parks
• Required to ensure that the environment is
safe.
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• Should an injury occur to a participant, they
should be able to provide immediate and
correct first aid and then refer for additional
medical assistance
• All recreation specialist should be certified
in CPR1,2,3 and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red
Cross1, National Safety Council2 or
American Heart Association3)
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• Recreation and Parks Directors
– Serve as an advisor to local and state recreation
and park commissions to manage
comprehensive recreation programs in a variety
of setting
– Develop budgets for recreation programs
• Recreation supervisors
– Serve as liaisons between parks director and
recreation leaders
– Plan, organize and manage various activities;
may also direct special activities or events
• Recreation leaders
– Responsible for daily operations of the
recreation program
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• Activity specialist
– Provide instruction and coach groups in specialties
(i.e. swimming or tennis)
• Camp counselor
– Lead and instruct campers in outdoor-oriented
forms of recreation
• Recreational therapist
– Work in acute healthcare settings; working to treat
and rehabilitate individuals with specific health
conditions
– Utilize leisure activities to improve and maintain
client’s general health and well-being
– May also provide interventions that help to prevent
further medical problems © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
The Role of the Athletic
Administrator in the Sports
Medicine Team
• Has a significant impact on the sports
medicine team
• Responsible for hiring personnel (i.e.
coaches, ATCs, strength coaches,
nutritionists, team physician)
– Must be sure that all individuals have the
necessary credentials and are willing to work as
a team
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• Must also oversee and develop policies &
procedures, risk management plan, and
emergency action plans
• Responsible for the budget and for funding
all aspects of an athletic healthcare program
– Salaries, supplies, equipment, insurance
• Commitment of the administrator can have
a tremendous impact on the success of the
athletic program
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Role of the Coach in the Sports
Medicine Team
• Coach must be aware of the responsibilities
of each individual associated with the team
– If there is no athletic trainer, this becomes even
more critical
• Coach must understand limits of their
ability to function as a health care provider
in the state in which they are employed
• All coaches should be certified in CPR1,2,3
and in basic First Aid1,2 (Red Cross1,
National Safety Council2 or American Heart
Association3)
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• Construct injury
prevention
conditioning programs
• Possess appropriate
coaching licenses and
certifications
• Must provide high
quality and properly
fit protective
equipment
• Have understanding of
skill techniques and
environmental factors
associated with sport
• Apply proper first aid
if necessary
• Continuing education
• Function as a coach
• Be CPR and First Aid
certified
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Roles and Responsibilities of
the Athletic Trainer
• Work with athletes from time of injury to
resolution
• Directly responsible for all phases of health
care in an athletic environment
• May be employed in a variety of settings
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Colleges/Universities/Secondary schools
Sports medicine clinics / Corporate settings
Amateur/Professional athletics
Military/NASA
Equipments sales/marketing
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• Must have extensive background in formal
academic preparation and supervised
practical experience
• Guidelines are set Board of Certification
– Both in academic coursework and clinical
experience
• Upon meeting the educational guidelines
applicants are eligible to sit for the
examination
• Upon passing the certification examination
= BOC certification as an athletic trainer
– Credential of ATC
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• Injury prevention
– Ensure appropriate
training, monitor
environment, nutrition,
maintain & fitting
equipment, appropriate
use of medication
• Recognition, evaluation,
assessment of injuries
• Immediate care of
injuries and illnesses
– (Minimum of CPR and
First Aid)
• Treatment, rehabilitation
and reconditioning
– Knowledge of equipment,
manual therapy, therapeutic
modalities
• Organization &
administration
– Budgeting, inventory, injury
records, supervision of
assistants and students,
dealing with insurance
matters
• Professional responsibility
– Educating the public
through seminars, research
& providing good care
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Responsibilities of the Team
Physician
• Athletic trainer works under direct
supervision of physician
• Physician assumes a number of roles
– Serves to advise and supervise ATC
• Physician and ATC must be able to work
together
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• Compiling medical histories and conducting
physical exams
– Pre-participation screening
• Diagnosing injury
• Deciding on disqualifications
– Physician must have the final say on when the
athlete should return to activity
• Attending practice and games
• It is imperative that the team physician
promote and maintain consistently high
quality care
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Relationship Between the
Sports Medicine Team and
Athlete
• Primary concern should be that of the
athlete
– All individuals must work cooperatively in the
best interest of the athlete
– Coach should differ to the medical staff and
support decisions regarding athlete health care
• Close communication between all parties
involved is critical
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• All parties must work to develop solid
working relationship
• Each member will have to gain trust and
confidence in the skills and abilities of each
other
• Imperative that the athlete is kept wellinformed
– Coach and ATC must make a point of
educating the student-athlete
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Family and the Sports Medicine
Team
• Parents will also be involved at the high school
and junior high school level
– Parent’s decision must be of a primary
consideration
• Athletic trainer must be prepared to deal with
multiple healthcare providers at parents request
– May be dictated via parent’s insurance plan
• Must also be sure that athlete and family are
familiar with Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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Other Members of the Sports
Medicine Team
• Physicians
• Dentist
• Podiatrist
• Nurse
• Physicians Assistant
• Sports Chiropractors
• Physical Therapist
• Massage Therapist
• Orthotist/prosthetist
• Equipment Personnel
• Exercise Physiologist
• Biomechanist
• Nutritionist
• Sport Psychologist
• Emergency Medical
Specialists
• Strength & Conditioning
Coach
• Referees
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