Transcript Hitachi Forum

Insired Education: Technology,
Teaching and Learning
Joan Walker, Ph.D.
Pace University
School of Education
February 29, 2012
Hitachi Forum
Context
• Psychology
• Higher education
– Teacher Preparation
• New technologies
Transformation
You are
here
Technology
Education
Innovation is
here
Opportunity
Limitation
Opportunity
•
•
•
•
•
•
Engagement
Collaboration
Autonomy
Exploration
Access
Possibility
Limitation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Passivity
Isolation
Control
Compliance
Resistance
Overwhelment
A design issue
• “…the center of gravity is outside the child. It
is the teacher, the textbook, anywhere and
everywhere you please except in the
immediate instincts and activities of the
child.”
John Dewey, The School and Society (1915)
The Ivory
Tower
Formal
Knowledge
The Real
World
troublesome
void
Practical
Knowledge
Cognitive Apprenticeship
(Greeno; Lave & Wenger; Rogoff; Vygotsky)
Noticing patterns
Critical thinking
Memory
Transfer
Cognition
The Social
Context
Simulation
• Stepping into an interactive space and
reacting in real time to authentic situations
• Situational awareness
– Noticing
– Anticipating
– Decision-making under stress
– Time-limitations
Processing
Assimilation
vs.
Awareness
An example
Simulation & Skill Development in
Teacher Education
1. Parent-teacher communication
2. Classroom management (TSR)
Parent-teacher communication
• Goal: Immerse PSTs in a novel situation they
will regularly perform in the future
• PTC
• Design: Sequential cases, increasing difficulty
– Gaming, inquiry cycle
• 2 methods:
– Vicarious
– SIMs
Vicarious: Blended Approach
Online
• Log on to secure site
Phase 1:
• Complete efficacy survey
• Read case
– Generate strategies
– Ask questions
Phase 2:
• Watch and critique 2
simulations
Phase 3:
• Choose best & justify
In class
• Class discussion
• Access to how experts
addressed the challenge
• Written reflection
• Introduction of the next
challenge or case
Expert benchmarks
Confidence in personal ability to
communicate with families
6
5
4
3
2
1
Experts
Graduate
F[2, 145] = 50.18, p < .01
Undergraduate
If you were the teacher what would
you do?
Expert
Graduate
Undergraduate
1. Opening
57
24
8
2. Gather information
100
77
100
3. Share information
100
71
67
4. Action plan
100
71
67
Positive relationship
86
75
61
Accept emotions
57
10
2
Manage flow
100
10
1
Red = p < .05, numbers are %
If you were the teacher, what
questions would you ask?
100
%
80
60
40
20
0
Basic
Student-centered Partnership-oriented
Experts
Graduate
Undergraduate
What have I learned about my
students?
• They are confident, despite their lack of
experience.
• They tend to use some professional
communication strategies more than others.
• Although they value gathering information,
they ask low-level questions.
Critique 2 video models
• Rated each teacher along 7 dimensions.
• Groups did NOT differ in their evaluations.
Model 1:
• Over-structured
• Weak responsiveness
Model 2:
• Strong responsiveness
• Weak structuring
• Contrast tugs at and reveals values & beliefs.
Which model is better?
• 100% of experts chose video model 2
• 62% of candidates chose model 2
• Now what do I know about my students?
– Dispositions toward ‘partnership’
Engagement
• “Although it wasn't a
complicated task it was
extremely beneficial. I
hope to do more
assignments like this in
the future, or even take
part in the creation of an
assignment like this one.”
• “It was fun and easy; I
didn't mind watching the
realistic videos and
answering the questions.
• It was challenging
because I had to really
look for a lot of different
things within the videos
and it caused me to
watch them more than
once.”
Vicarious learning
• “It isn’t always easy to
speak to someone else
about their child. It was
good to see both
teachers and their
strengths &
weaknesses and to pick
up on them and learn
from them. “
• “I learned that … you
need to represent
yourself, not only
through your facts, but
in the way you dress,
speak, and show
confidence.
• You also need to work
together.”
Current variations on a theme
1. Conducting simulated conferences
2. Comparing outcomes across conditions
– Vicarious
– Simulation
3. Building an online course
– Thinkfinity/Verizon
Classroom Management: TSR
• Critical to student engagement and learning
• Major contributor to teacher burnout
– Rates in urban schools at ~50% within 5 years
Loss of human capital
A solution?
Avatars
Teach LivE
How does TeachLivE work?
• Pace instructor provides session objectives to
TeachLivE (University of Central Florida).
• Pace instructor sets up processes with candidates:
• planning lessons
• interacting with avatars
• reflecting on the interactions
• During the individual or group sessions, avatars
respond to ‘the teacher’ in ways that develop the
session objectives.
To foster reflection Pace faculty use
• Protocols to enhance observation and
recording for teaching and research
• Immediate feedback and sharing
– One-on-one “coaching” model
– Whole class “studio” model
• Video for reflection
TeachLivE enhances teacher
preparation by • Helping candidates experience teaching as a complex
activity
• Providing multiple opportunities to practice under nofault conditions (scrimmage)
• Eliciting real-time decision-making
Awareness/interpretation of “student” behavior
Incorporating “student” diversity
Efforts to engage “students” in learning
Pilot work
• Focus: Dispositions or Authoritarianism
– Surveys and scenarios
• 10” microteach, “1st day of school”
– Expectations
– Communication
– Excitement about learning
• HUGE variability in approaches and reactions to
the technology
– The simulation makes values and beliefs visible in a
way that other instructional strategies have not.
The avatar lab is realistic.
100 %
80
60
40
20
0
Disagree
UG-Adolescent
Neutral
UG-Childhood
Agree
Grad-Mixed
The avatar lab supported my learning.
100 %
80
60
40
20
0
Disagree
UG-Adolescent
Neutral
Agree
UG-Childhood
Grad-Mixed
Conclusion: Cross-Cutting Themes
•
•
•
•
Learner-centered
Multi-sensory / experiential
Bounded risk-taking
Ownership / engagement
• Multiple stakeholders
• Collaboration (FSCP)
• Preparation for future learning
• Pervasive
– Selection
– Please mind the gap.
Your thoughts?