Transcript Modern Latin America - Bishop Amat Memorial High School

IB - CUBA
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CUBA
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CUBA
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Cuba
• United States playground
– Politically – interventions
– Gangsters – gambling, no
prohibition
– Nightclubs
– Investment
• Dictators
– Machado
– Batista
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Fidel Castro
• Born 1926
– Oriente province
– 23,000 acre sugar
plantation
• Jesuit schools
– University of Havana
law school
– 1950 graduates
• Specialized in working
with poor
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Fidel, Raúl and Ramón Castro
Moncada
• 1952 Castro runs for
Senate
• Batista coup ends that
• July 26, 1953
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165 men
Attack barracks
Southeast of Santiago
Half (Castro’s) force
killed
M-26-7
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Raul and Fidel exiled to Mexico
Plot return and overthrowing Batista
Meets Ché Guevara
They return in November, 1956 on the
Granma
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José Antonio Echevarría, Fidel Castro, and René Anillo in
Mexico City, Aug. 29, 1956.
Granma
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CUBA
• L to R: Che, Today
Che is dead, killed
while trying to
generate revolution in
Bolivia. Raul is
(Temporary) President
and head of the
military.
Fidel is Fidel.
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Invasion
• Land December 2,
1956
• 82 men onboard!
• At sea for 7 days
• Landed in swampy
area of the Oriente
• 70 die the rest head for
the Sierra Maestra
Mountains
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Sierra Maestras then Victory
• Wandering & fighting for 2 years
• Herbert Mathews interview – New York Times
– Crucial in turning public opinion
– Very positive for Fidel
• Finally victorious January 1, 1959
• Fidel enters Havana January 8, 1959
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Fidel’s Revolution
• Needed peasant support
– Never in large numbers
– Never in leadership
– Middle-class origin &
leadership
• Fidel held rural & Batista
held Urban areas
– Phoney elections
– Voters abstain
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Castro and the US
• The early years
– US loses trust in
Batista
• Embargo arms
to both sides
• State Dept. and
White House
unsure about
Fidel
• CIA & Defense
KNEW
1959 Junior World Series
Minneapolis Millers vs. Havana
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1959
• Batista time is up,
– Leaves January 1, 1959.
– Flies to Ciudad Trujillo, Dominican Republic
• Political vacuum
– Disgust with old politics
– Looking for social justice
– Need for independence - US
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Developing Revolution
• Revolutionary courts – 550 executions
• Land reform – no foreign ownership
• Huber Matos
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Long time supporter
Breaks with Castro
Jailed for 15 years
Stalin-like repression
1960 Crucial Year
• Nationalization – brings right up against US
– Oil – demands refineries process cheap Soviet crude
• They refuse
• He expropriates
– Eisenhower drops sugar quota
– US embargo
• Soviets saw an opportunity
– Trade one dependency for another?
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Institutionalization of Revolution
• Committees for the
Defense of the
Revolution (CDRs)
– Civil defense
– Threat real
• External – exile flights
• Internal – the
recalcitrant
– Monitoring of ideals
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• Attacked legacy of the
past
– Illiteracy cut in ½
– Health care
• Disease
• Malnutrition
• Housing slower
• Rich & middle classes
flee
Bay of Pigs
• CIA hardliners coming up
with ideas
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Exploding cigars
LSD laced cigars
Thallium salts in his shoes
TB in his scuba suit
200lb (90kg) of high
explosives under the
podium where he was due
to speak
– a radio station rigged with
noxious gas to a poison
syringe posing as an
innocuous ballpoint pen .
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• April, 1961
– Exile invasion
• Backed by Eisenhower
• Kennedy wanted lower
profile
– No air support
– No urban uprising
– Couldn’t get to the hills
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• October, 1962 – Thirteen Days
• Brinksmanship
– Superpowers – US & USSR
– Fidel on outside looking in
– Kennedy gave Khrushchev an out with Turkey
weapons
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What Happened?
• Accomplishments
– Virtually no illiteracy
– Public healthcare
• Infant mortality – 2/3
cut
• Life expectancy
– 1960-63
– 1992-76
– Wiped out prostitution
– 1975 Family Code –
men ½ of all chores
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• Fall of Soviets 1989 –
1992
– Production
• Oil shipments 86% 
• Food imports 42% 
• Economy 29% 
– Drop in living standard
– Concessions to capitalism
• Ownership of small farms,
taxis, and family
restaurants
• Tourism
• Prostitution back
Guantanamo Bay
• Article VI of appendix to Cuban
Constitution - 1902
– Agrees to lease naval coaling station
– Gives US sovereignty in the area
• Treaty, 1934, reiterates agreement
– Basically grants a perpetual lease only broken
by US abandoning the land
– Pay $4,085/yr.
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Vocabulary
Fidel Castro
Ché
Guevara
Moncada
Sierra Maestras
Bay of Pigs
Cuban
Guantanamo
Missle Crisis Bay
Committees for the
Defense of the
Revolution
Huber
Matos
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Granma
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Cuba
• Havana Harbor
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CUBA
• Havana
University
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Cuba
• Havana
University
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CUBA
• Jose Marti
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CUBA
• MARTI
REVOULTIONARY
SQUARE
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CUBA
• CHE’
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CUBA
• CHE’
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CUBA
• ROLLING
CIGARS
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CUBA
• CUBAN
FARM
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CUBA
• CUBAN
WOMAN
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CUBA
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