Transcript Slide 1

ENERGY STORAGE
FOR
SMART GRIDS
Akshay Ahuja
Business Analyst
India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF)
12 Oct 2014
Need for Energy Storage
Balance supply-demand mismatch
Utilize storage for peak periods
Renewable Integration
Frequency support
Reliable power supply
Defer/reduce the need for new generation
capacity and transmission upgrades
• Microgrids
• Electric Vehicles
• Emergency support
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Energy Storage Technologies
Mechanical
Electrical
• Pump Hydro
• Compressed Air –
CAES
• Flywheel - FES
• Capacitors
• Superconducting
Magnetic Coil
Chemical
• Hydrogen
( Electrolyser
/Fuel Cell)
Electro-Chemical
• Secondary
batteries (Lead
Acid/Li/NaS etc.)
• Flow Batteries
(Redox/Hybrid)
Thermal
• Sensible heat
storage (Molten
Salt)
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Large Scale Energy Storage Technologies
Compressed Air Energy Storage
Pumped Hydro (PHS)
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Employs off-peak electricity to pump water
from a reservoir up to another reservoir at a
higher elevation
Can be sized up to 2 GW; Discharge duration
6-30 hours
Efficiency: 80-85%; Life: 50-60 years
Siting/Permitting/Env. Impact issue
Projects in India: 1.45 GW Sardar Sarovar
Pumped Storage Power Station in Gujarat;
900
MW
Purulia
Pumped
Storage
Hydroelectric Power Plant in WB
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Use off-peak electricity to compress air
and store it in a reservoir
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Above ground : up to 400 MW
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Discharge Duration: upto 30 hours
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Efficiency: 65%; life: 30 years
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Geological/siting issue
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Batteries
Lithium-ion
Lead-Acid
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Capacity range: upto few MW’s,
Discharge duration: upto 4 hours
Cheap
Suitable for short duration application.
Efficiency: 75%
Disposal issue – toxic; less life
Projects in India: 40 kW Khareda
Lakshmipura Microgrid in Rajasthan
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Capacity range: upto few MW’s;
Discharge duration: upto 4 hrs
Fast growing, commercial and mature
Leading technology platform for EV and
PHEV
Short
and medium duration
applications
Life: 15 years; Efficiency: 90-95%
40 MW LiB Project in Sendai, Japan
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Batteries
Sodium-Sulphur
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Capacity range: upto few MW’s;
Discharge duration: upto 8 hours
Suitable for grid support application
Life: 15 years; Efficiency: 75%
Requires operating temperature 300-350
degree Celsius, which makes it hazardous
and combustible
Flow Batteries
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34 MW NaS Project in Rokkasho, Japan
Capacity range: few MW’s; Discharge
duration: 5-6 hours
Electrolytes stored in separate tanks
which prevents deposition
Suitable for utility scale applications
Life: 20 years; Efficiency: 75-80%
Complexity of the design due to pumps
and power control systems
Projects in India: 40 kW Sun-carrier
Omega Net Zero Building in Bhopal
25 MW Flow battery Project in California, USA
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Other Technologies
Flywheel
• Rotational energy is stored in a large rotational cylinder where the energy is
maintained by keeping its speed constant. A vacuum chamber is used to reduce
friction, and the rotors are made of carbon fibre composites suspended by magnetic
bearings.
• Although flywheels have power densities 5 to 10 times that of batteries—meaning
they require much less space to store a comparable amount of power—there are
practical limitations to the amount of energy (kWh) that can be stored.
• Typical flywheel applications include power quality and UPS uses, as seen in
commercial products. Research is under way to develop more advanced flywheel
systems that can store large quantities of energy.
Thermal Energy Storage
• Systems use cold water, hot water or ice storage to store the heat and use for later.
The efficiencies vary with the material. They are important for integrating large
scale renewable energy as concentrated solar thermal technology can be used as a
reliable and despatchable source of energy to balance the supply and demand.
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Overview of Possible Applications
» Many new technologies, but what are the applications?
• Some technologies such as pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy
storage, hydrogen and thermal storage are characterised by their ability to
store energy over time (several hours)
• Others, e.g. batteries and flywheels, are characterised by their ability to
deliver power very fast
Batteries
and flywheels
PHS, CAES, H2 and
thermal storage
Storage duration
Several seconds
to several minutes
Several hours to several
days or weeks
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Overview of Possible Applications
Generation
Ancillary Services
– Frequency Regulation
– Spinning Reserves
Capacity
– Peak Energy
Transmission &
Distribution
• Upgrade deferral
End-users
• Power Quality/UPS
• Onsite renewables
– Reduce circuit and line
overload
• Grid resiliency
– Back-up power
Reliability
– Frequency Response
• Voltage support/power
quality
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Technology Matrix
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Capital Cost Trend
Source: India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA)
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New Business Models
AES Energy Storage has commissioned over 100 MW of
energy storage for grid services around the globe in past 4
years
Projects include
– Supporting Coal Generation unit for synchronous
reserves
– Frequency regulation in Chile
– Also exploring direct contracting with utilities for
energy storage as service in California and Long
Island, NY
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New Business Models
ESSCO: Energy Storage Solution Companies; BEMS/FEMS: Building/Factory Energy Management System
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Opportunities in Indian Market
• India plans to integrate 50GW renewables (30 GW wind and 20 GW Solar)
between 2014-2020.
• Proposed ancillary service introduction by CERC could create a 3-4 GW
opportunity for frequency regulation by 2018
• 600,000 telecom towers – 70% + utilize DG for backup / primary source have
been mandated by regulators to reduce diesel consumption
• Over 100,000 Bank ATMs that need backup solutions
• India Plans to Install 26 Million Solar-powered Water Pumps (over 9 Million
diesel powered water pumps in operation)
• Over 300 million people currently do not have access to grid electricity and
India’s National Mission for energy access aims to provide at least 8 hours of
access by 2017
• India’s National Electric Mobility Mission aims to get 6 million EV / HEVs
(including 2 wheelers) on road by 2020
• Indian railways is 5th largest rail network with over 65,000 km of rail network
and is driving integration of energy storage for public transportation systems
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Some Initiatives in India
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has identified high potential application
areas. Looking at the increasing importance of energy storage for integrating renewable energy,
the MNRE propose to support demonstration projects for energy storage to assess feasibility of
energy storage technologies for small scale and grid connected MW scale renewable energy
applications.
MNRE is looking to support demonstrations of energy storage technologies in each of the
following categories:
• Integrating large-scale wind and solar generation into the transmission grids.
• Rural Micro Grids
• Micro grids in commercial, industrial, residential, defense or other applications
• Large scale standalone systems
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Some Initiatives in India
Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (PGCIL)
To find suitability of battery technologies for grid scale storage system in India, Power Grid
Corporation is India (PGCIL) is inviting bids for energy storage demonstration projects. PGCIL is
inviting tenders for energy storage systems under 3 categories:
• Lithium Ion batteries
• Advanced lead Acid batteries &
• Sodium Nickel Chloride / Alkaline/ Flow Battery
This demonstration project could establish the criteria for integration of large scale energy
storage for grid integration of renewable as well as ancillary services in India
State Governments Initiatives
• The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) introduced the country’s first
electric zero-emission bus in the Bangalore city
• Gujarat Government will soon introduce a pilot project to run ‘electric buses’ for public
transport between the state capital Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad
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Thank You!!
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