Transcript Chapter Three: Supporting Details
ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© 2010 Townsend Press
Unit Two: Chapter 8
•
attrition
•
circumvent
•
cohesive
•
grievous
•
inundate
•
oblivious
•
reticent
•
robust
•
sanction
•
vociferous
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1
attrition
–
noun
•
Sports teams are constantly looking for new talent to replace players lost through
attrition
—those who retire, quit because of injuries, and so on.
•
Colleges try not to have a high rate of
attrition
. They want students to stay until graduation, rather than drop out early.
Attrition
A.
means an increase in numbers.
B.
C.
a natural loss of individuals.
ill health.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1
attrition
–
noun
•
Sports teams are constantly looking for new talent to replace players lost through
attrition
—those who retire, quit because of injuries, and so on.
•
Colleges try not to have a high rate of
attrition
. They want students to stay until graduation, rather than drop out early.
Attrition
A.
means an increase in numbers.
B. a natural loss of individuals.
C.
ill health. Retiring and quitting because of injuries are two examples of a natural loss of individuals drop out early individuals .” from sports teams. In the second item, the words suggest that attrition means “ a natural loss of
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2
circumvent
–
verb
•
If we take this roundabout route, we can
circumvent
hour traffic and get home early.
the rush-
•
I had to swerve to the right to
circumvent
a huge pothole.
Circumvent
A.
B.
C.
means to avoid.
to meet head-on.
to make smaller. Number 28
circumventing
his opponents Photo: James E. Foehl/U.S. Navy
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2
circumvent
–
verb
•
If we take this roundabout route, we can
circumvent
hour traffic and get home early.
the rush-
•
I had to swerve to the right to
circumvent
a huge pothole.
Number 28
circumventing
his opponents
Circumvent
C.
means A. to avoid.
B.
to meet head-on.
to make smaller. Taking a roundabout route would be a way to avoid the rush-hour traffic. Swerving would be a way to avoid hitting a pothole. Photo: James E. Foehl/U.S. Navy
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3
cohesive
–
adjective
•
For a
cohesive
pie dough, one that doesn’t fall apart, be sure to add enough liquid.
•
A family needs to be
cohesive
—to stay together even when stresses and strains threaten to tear it apart.
Cohesive
A.
means connected.
B.
C.
popular.
large.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3
cohesive
–
adjective
•
For a
cohesive
pie dough, one that doesn’t fall apart, be sure to add enough liquid.
•
A family needs to be
cohesive
—to stay together even when stresses and strains threaten to tear it apart.
Cohesive
means A. connected.
B.
C.
popular.
large. A pie dough that doesn’t fall apart is one that is connected together. In the second item, the words cohesive means “ connected .” stay together or sticks suggest that
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4
grievous
–
adjective
•
The death of a beloved pet is a
grievous
loss for a child.
•
The assassination of a great leader, such as Mahatma Gandhi or Martin Luther King, Jr., often does
grievous
harm to a society.
Grievous
A.
means preventable.
B.
C.
unavoidable. terrible.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4
grievous
–
adjective
•
The death of a beloved pet is a
grievous
loss for a child.
•
The assassination of a great leader, such as Mahatma Gandhi or Martin Luther King, Jr., often does
grievous
harm to a society.
Grievous
A.
means preventable.
B.
unavoidable. C. terrible.
The death of a beloved pet is a a great leader can do terrible terrible loss. The assassination of harm to a society.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5
inundate
–
verb
•
During the heavy rains, the river overflowed and
inundated
fields, destroying all the crops.
the
•
After his brief announcement at the beginning of the press conference, the President was
inundated
with questions from reporters.
Inundate
A.
means to flood.
B.
C.
to strengthen. to go around. “I’m so
inundated
with paperwork that I can’t even find my desk!”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5
inundate
–
verb
•
During the heavy rains, the river overflowed and
inundated
fields, destroying all the crops.
the
•
After his brief announcement at the beginning of the press conference, the President was
inundated
with questions from reporters.
Inundate
means A. to flood.
B.
C.
to strengthen. to go around. “I’m so
inundated
with paperwork that I can’t even find my desk!” If the river overflowed, it would press conference tend to flood flood the surrounding fields. Reporters at a the President with questions.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6
oblivious
–
adjective
•
The driver continued into the intersection, apparently
oblivious
to the fact that the light had turned red.
•
It’s easy to spot two people in love. They are the ones who,
oblivious
to everyone else present, see only each other.
Oblivious
A.
means angry about.
B.
C.
not noticing. overwhelmed by.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6
oblivious
–
adjective
•
The driver continued into the intersection, apparently
oblivious
to the fact that the light had turned red.
•
It’s easy to spot two people in love. They are the ones who,
oblivious
to everyone else present, see only each other.
Oblivious
A.
means angry about.
B. not noticing.
C.
overwhelmed by. Since the drive went through the red light, he seems noticed not noticing the other people around them. not to have the light. If the two people see only each other, they are
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7
reticent
–
adjective
•
Lamar is very
reticent
about his first marriage; he never talks about his former wife or what led to their divorce.
•
It’s odd that many people who love to gossip about someone else are so
reticent
about their own lives.
Reticent
A.
means dishonest.
B.
C.
quiet. unaware.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7
reticent
–
adjective
•
Lamar is very
reticent
about his first marriage; he never talks about his former wife or what led to their divorce.
•
It’s odd that many people who love to gossip about someone else are so
reticent
about their own lives.
Reticent
A.
means dishonest.
B. quiet.
C.
unaware. The words being quiet never talks about suggest that Lamar is marriage. In the second item, gossiping about others is contrasted with about their own lives. quiet about his first
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8
robust
–
adjective
•
Once an energetic,
robust
weakened by illness.
man, Mr. Rand has been considerably
•
A number of weightlifters who were previously
robust
ruined their health and vigor by taking steroids.
have
Robust
A.
means very noisy.
B.
C.
sickly. strong and well.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8
robust
–
adjective
•
Once an energetic,
robust
weakened by illness.
man, Mr. Rand has been considerably
•
A number of weightlifters who were previously
robust
ruined their health and vigor by taking steroids.
have
Robust
A.
means very noisy.
B.
sickly. C. strong and well.
In contrast with being weakened by illness, Mr. Rand used to be energetic, strong, and well . If the weightlifters have ruined their health and vigor, they must have previously been strong and well .
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9
sanction
–
verb
•
By greeting the dictator with extreme courtesy and fanfare, the ambassador seemed to
sanction
his policies.
•
Many people whose children attend religious schools would like the government to
sanction
the use of public funds to help pay for their education.
Sanction
A.
means to grant approval of.
B.
C.
to criticize severely. to remember.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9
sanction
–
verb
•
By greeting the dictator with extreme courtesy and fanfare, the ambassador seemed to
sanction
his policies.
•
Many people whose children attend religious schools would like the government to
sanction
the use of public funds to help pay for their education.
Sanction
means A. to grant approval of.
B.
C.
to criticize severely. to remember. Since the ambassador was so extreme in his greeting, he seemed as if he was granting approval of the dictator’s policies. Parents of children in religious schools would like the government to grant approval of the use of public funds to support those schools.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10
vociferous
–
adjective
•
When male loons sense that their territory is being invaded, they give
vociferous
cries of challenge.
•
The principal became angry and
vociferous
, shouting at students who tried to sneak out of the fire drill.
Vociferous
A.
B.
C.
distant.
mild. loud. means
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10
vociferous
–
adjective
•
When male loons sense that their territory is being invaded, they give
vociferous
cries of challenge.
•
The principal became angry and
vociferous
, shouting at students who tried to sneak out of the fire drill.
Vociferous
A.
B.
distant.
mild. C. loud.
means In order to protect his territory, the male loon challenges an intruder with loud cries. If the principal shouted at the students, he became loud .
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
1.
The chatty, slow-moving clerk at the checkout counter seemed __________ to the fact that the line of impatient customers was growing longer and longer.
2.
A quiet, polite discussion may be better than a(n) _______ argument, but some people get more satisfaction out of yelling and shouting.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
1.
The chatty, slow-moving clerk at the checkout counter oblivious customers was growing longer and longer.
The clerk seems to be unaware that the line of customers is growing.
2.
A quiet, polite discussion may be better than a __________ argument, but some people get more satisfaction out of yelling and shouting.
A quiet polite discussion is contrasted with a noisy argument.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
3.
In many places, the law doesn’t __________ gambling— but the officials don’t do much to stop it, either.
4.
A half-hour of aerobic exercise every other day will help you stay __________.
5.
People sometimes do odd things to __________ regulations. In New York, when saloons were illegal, one owner called his place “O’Neal’s Baloon.”
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
3.
In many places, the law doesn’t __________ gambling— but the officials don’t do much to stop it, either.
In many places, the law doesn’t allow gambling.
4.
A half-hour of aerobic exercise every other day will help you stay __________.
Aerobic exercise will help you stay healthy and strong .
5.
People sometimes do odd things to __________ regulations. In New York, when saloons were illegal, one owner called his place “O’Neal’s Baloon.” Calling a saloon a “baloon” was a way to go around the law.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
6.
If you want your essay to be _________, stick to your point.
7.
Alzheimer’s disease is a disaster for the patient and a(n) _________ burden for the family.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
6.
You have to stick to your point to make your essay unified .
7.
Alzheimer’s disease is a disaster for the patient and a _________ burden for the family.
Alzheimer’s disease is a terrible burden for the family of the patient.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
8.
Some days we’re ________(e)d with junk e-mail—it can take an hour to delete all the unwanted messages.
9.
The cutting down of the rain forests has caused a dangerous rate of _________ among species that live in those forests.
10.
Some people who could benefit from counseling avoid seeing a therapist because they prefer to be _________ about private matters.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
F.
attrition oblivious
B.
G.
circumvent reticent
C.
cohesive
H.
robust
D.
grievous
I.
sanction
E.
inundate
J.
vociferous
8.
Some days we’re ___________ with junk e-mail—it can take an hour to delete all the unwanted messages.
Since it takes an hour to delete the junk e-mail, they must be flooded with it.
9.
The cutting down of the rain forests has caused a dangerous rate of _________ among species that live in those forests.
Cutting down the rain forests would cause a decrease in the number of species that live in those forests.
10.
Some people who could benefit from counseling avoid seeing private matters.
People who avoid counseling may be reluctant to speak matters. about private