Transcript Windows Forensics - University of Washington

Windows Forensics
24 Jan 2008
TCSS431: Network Security
Stephen Rondeau
Institute of Technology
Lab Administrator
Agenda
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Forensics Background
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Operating Systems Review
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Select Windows Features
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Vectors and Payloads
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Forensics Process
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Forensics Tools Demonstration
Forensics Background
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Inspection of computer system for evidence of:
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crime
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unauthorized use
Evidence gathering/preservation techniques for
admissibility in court of law
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Consideration of suspect's level of expertise
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Avoidance of data destruction or compromise
Operating System Review
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What does an OS do?
Operating System Review
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What does an OS do?
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starts itself
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low-level management of:
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higher-level management of:
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interrupts, time, memory, processes, devices (storage,
communication, keyboard, display, etc.)
file system, users, user interface, apps
addresses issues of fairness, efficiency, data
protection/access, workload balancing
Select Windows Features
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Kernel vs. User Mode
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Kernel features (architecture)
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device drivers
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installable file system
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object security
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Services
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User accounts, passwords and privileged groups
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Security policies
Computing Devices: Simplistic
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Computing Device
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takes some input
processes it
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provides some output
connects device
Data
Computing
Device
OS, services,
applications
Network
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input
Hub
output
Computing Devices: Reality
In
Human
K/M/touch,etc.
Data
Scanner/GPS
Out
Human
A/V
In/Out
Data
Storage Device, PC/Express Card,
Network, Printer, Etc.
Computing Devices: Connections
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removable media
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PC/Express Card
wired
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floppy,CD/DVD,flash,microdrive
serial/parallel,USB,Firewire,IDE/SATA,SCSI/SAS
twisted pair
wireless
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radio (802.11, cellular, Bluetooth)
Infrared (IR)
Ultrasound
Vectors and Payloads
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Vector: route used to gain entry to computer
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via a device without human intervention
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via an unsuspecting or willing person's actions
Payload: what is delivered via the vector
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malicious code
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may be multiple payloads
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spyware, rootkits, keystroke loggers, bots, illegal
software, spamming, etc.
Forensics Process
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Assess (after permission is granted)
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Acquire
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determine how to approach affected system(s)
inspect physical environment
watch out for anti-forensics, booby-traps
consider how to stop computer processing
capture volatile data
copy hard drive
Analyze
Volatile Data
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All of RAM, plus paging area
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Logged on users
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Processes (regular and services)
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Process memory
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Buffers
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Clipboard
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Network Information (incoming and outgoing)
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Command history
Nonvolatile Data
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Partitions
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Files
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hidden, streams
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Registry Keys
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Recycle Bin
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Scheduled Tasks
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User Account and Group Information
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Logs
What to Look For
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Know baseline system: what to expect of good system
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Malware Footprint
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in logs
on file system (changed dates/sizes, hidden)
in registry
in startup areas
in services list
in network connections
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Abnormality: function, performance, traffic patterns
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Cross-check with multiple tools
Microsoft Tools
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Basic
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Network tools
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netstat -anob, nbtstat, ping, tracert, arp, netsh, ipconfig
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dir /ah, dir /od, dir /tc, findstr, cacls
File
Services
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Prevent: Windows Update, Time Service, Routing and Remote Access,
LocalService, NetworkService, Runas
Inspect: net user/group/localgroup, Active Directory Users and Groups,
Event Viewer, EventCombMT, systeminfo, auditpol, Security
Configuration Manager
Fix: Malicious Software Removal, Security Configuration Manager
net start/stop, sc, services.msc
Process:
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tasklist, taskkill, schtasks
External Tools
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www.sysinternals.com
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variety of Windows tools to monitor and analyze
www.e-fense.com: Helix
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Windows tools
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Windows Forensics Toolkit™
trusted commands
RAM/disk imaging, password recovery tools
some www.sysinternals.com tools
bootable to Knoppix with many file system tools
www.rootkit.com
Advice
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For your systems:
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Prevent:
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Analyze:
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update, monitor, block, isolate, backup
find vectors and payloads
Recover:
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off-network restore, re-install or re-image
block vectors and/or payload effects before going onnetwork
References
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Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery,
Harlan Carvey, Addison-Wesley 2005
Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit ,
Harlan Carvey, Syngress 2007
File System Forensic Analysis,Brian Carrier,
Addison-Wesley 2005
Rootkits, Greg Hoglund and James Butler,
Addison-Wesley 2006