Transcript Slide 1

Office of the Director
Defense Research and Engineering
National Security Workforce Challenges:
Current Initiatives
Presented
by
Dr. Bill Berry
Acting Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
(Laboratories and Basic Sciences)
15 January 2005
1
A National Issue
• “An Emerging and Critical Problem of the
Science and Engineering Workforce”1
– 12 Major studies (1999-2004) make essentially the same point
– A few studies did not consider security clearance needs and rely
on relaxation of immigration rules
• Growing need for U.S. citizens in national security
activities
1. National Science Board Companion Paper to “National Science and Engineering
Indicators 2004”, National Science Foundation, April 2004
2
U.S. Production of S&E Graduates*
U.S. College and University Graduates, 1966-2001
Baccalaureates
(Millions)
1.5
1.0
Degrees, all fields
1994
0.5
2001
S&E Degrees
(excluding Engr Tech and Health/Med Sci)
0.0
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
Academic year ending in . . .
*Source: Data provided by the NSF, September 2003
3
U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&E Graduate
Student Enrollment (1994-2001)
*Source: National Science Foundation – Graduate Students and Post Doctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001
Science Disciplines
23000
Aliens with
Temporary Visas
U.S. Citizens + Permanent
Resident Aliens
18000
U.S. Citizen + Perm
8 Yr. Delta
1994 / 2001
Physics
Chemistry
13000
Math/Applied
Computer Sciences
8000
3000
Computer Sci.
Math/Applied
Chemistry
Physics
Computer Sci.
Math/Applied
Chemistry
Physics
-2000
+14.1%
-9.9%
-27.2%
-25.3%
Table I-24
U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&E Graduate
Student Enrollment (1994-2001)
*Source: National Science Foundation – Graduate Students and Post Doctorates in Science and Engineering: Fall 2001
Engineering Disciplines
20000
Aliens with Temporary
Visas
U.S. Citizens + Perm.
Resident Aliens
U.S. Citizen + Perm
8 Yr. Delta
15000
1994 / 2001
Aerospace
Chemical
Electrical
10000
Engineering Science
Industrial/Manufacturing
Mechanical
5000
Metallurgical/Materials
Nuclear
Nuclear
Metallurgy/
Materials
Mechanical
Engineering
Sciences
Industrial/
Mfg.
Electrical
Chemical
Aerospace
Nuclear
Metallurgy/
Materials
Mechanical
Industrial/
Mfg.
Engineering
Sciences
Electrical
Chemical
0
Aerospace
-18.9%
-33.0%
-26.2%
-29.7%
-32.1%
-49.1%
-24.7%
-21.7%
-5000
Table III5
DoD Scientists & Engineers (S&E)
• “Attrition” in DoD labs: ~13,000 Science, Math,
Engineering and Technology (SMET) departures
projected within 10 years
• The number of clearable students pursuing defenserelated critical skills degrees is small and declining
• Projected U.S. demand for S&E’s will be up 10% by
2010 (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2001)
– DoD will have tough competition for best S&Es
– Linguist needs in Science & Technology (S&T) also beneficial
6
DoD S&Es as % of Total Fed S&Es
Source: Pre-release - OPM data for NSF pub, Table B-14. Federal scientists and engineers, by agency and major occupational group: 1999-2002
1999
Total S&Es
44.2%
All sci
26.1%
Comp/Math sci 45.5%
Life sci
11.4%
Physical sci
26.7%
Social sci
20.4%
All eng
66.7%
Aerospace
44.7%
Chemical
62.3%
Civil
61.8%
EE&Comp
79.3%
Industrial
81.1%
Mechanical
88.2%
Other eng
54.6%
2000
43.5%
25.4%
43.9%
11.2%
26.2%
20.4%
66.4%
43.6%
63.6%
61.3%
79.1%
80.2%
88.2%
55.1%
2001
43.1%
25.6%
44.0%
11.0%
26.1%
19.7%
66.2%
43.0%
65.7%
60.6%
78.5%
79.4%
88.4%
55.5%
2002
43.4%
26.9%
45.3%
10.9%
26.2%
19.6%
66.7%
42.8%
67.6%
60.1%
79.1%
79.4%
89.2%
55.9%
7
DoD Civilian S&E’s
All DoD Civilians in S&E Occupational Series
Current
< BS
50+
% ≥ 50
7586
2449
32.3%
BS
54673
15390
28.1%
MS
22515
9701
43.1%
Ph.D.
5777
3262
56.5%
Total
90551
30802
34.0%
Source: DMDC Data for April, 2004
8
S&E Workforce Current Efforts Across DoD
Pre-college (K-12)
• Materials World Modules (Ray Pawlicki – Army)
• STARBASE – (Ernie Gonzales – OSD-RA)
• eCybermission – ( Kelly Stratchko – Army)
Undergraduate
─ Awards to Stimulate & Support Undergraduate Research Education
(ASSURE) (with NSF; Koto White – AFOSR)
─ Research Assistantships in microelectronics (with Semiconductor
Industries Association) (Dan Radack – DARPA)
─ Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation (SMART)
(K. Thompson – DoD/Koto White - AFOSR)
9
Current S&E Workforce Efforts Across DoD
Graduate
• National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate
Fellowships (NDSEG)
• Naval Research – Science and Technology for
Americas Readiness (N-STAR – with NSF, Bob
Kavetsky – Navy)
• SMART (Keith Thompson/Koto White – AFOSR)
10
SMART Program Components
Science, Mathematics and Research for Transformation
Congress Appropriated -- $2.5M FY 05
• Undergraduate/Graduate – US Citizens
• Critical Skills areas
• Institution independent
• 2 years support – to achieve degree
– Tuition, fees, books, lab expenses, room & board
• Satisfactory academic performance
• Work payback required
11
DoD Outreach Initiatives
•‘Taking the Pentagon to the People’ Outreach Initiative
•Technical Assistance Workshops
•Leadership Symposiums
•Student Expositions & Luncheons
•Exhibitions
•Other DoD Sponsored events at Science & Engineer related
conferences (WoC, Black Engineer, MAES, LULAC)
•Partnerships & Task Forces
•Student Luncheons & Orientations
•Symposiums
•H.S. & College Student Information & Recruitment Booths
•DoD Laboratories & Centers of Excellence in Research
12
DoD Outreach Initiatives
•Student & Faculty Employment Programs
•Student & Faculty Internships & Fellowships
•Paid & Volunteer
•External Appointing Authorities/Programs (i.e. Outstanding
Scholar, PMF)
•Student Temporary Experience Program (STEP)
•Student Career Experience Program (SCEP)
•Summer Employment Programs
•Workforce Recruitment Program for Students with Disabilities
(WRP)
•Disabled Veteran Employment Program
•On-Site Campus Visits
13
Diversity in Context
US employment population in 2003
•
•
•
•
Total Workforce 137,736 (K)
10.1% of total are SME Workforce (approx)
46.8% of total are Women
17.1% of total are Minority
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat9.pdf
http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat10.pdf
14
Information and Technology for Better Decision Making
DM DC
What Were Sep 2004 Civilian S&T End Strengths?
77,066 S&T CIVILIANS
ASSIGNED TO DoD
Other DoD
4%
Air
Force
17%
Distribution* by DoD Component
Navy
 Army
25,745
33.4%
 Navy
34,868
45.2%
 Air Force
13,420
17.4%
3,033
3.9%
 Other DoD
45%
* May not add to 100.0% due to rounding
Army
S&T WORKFORCE REPRESENTS
12% OF ALL DoD
CIVILIANS
34%
15
January 2005
Information and Technology for Better Decision Making
DM DC
Sep 2004 Distribution
of DoD Civilian S&T Workforce
PERCENT FEMALE
100%
S&T Civilians
80%
Total DoD Civilians
54.8 53.6
60%
39.7
40%
36.9
39.5
34.1
30.2
34.2 32.3
36.5
20%
0%
Army
Navy
Air Force
Other DoD
Total
Females Make Up Two-Fifths of S&T Workforce
16
January 2005
Information and Technology for Better Decision Making
DM DC
Sep 2004 Distribution
of DoD Civilian S&T Workforce
PERCENT NON-WHITE
100%
S&T Civilians
80%
Total DoD Civilians
60%
40%
20%
19.5
31.7
28.1
27.4
20.3
23.3
23.8
18.1
27.3
19.8
0%
Army
Navy
Air Force
Other DoD
Total
One-Fifth of S&T Workforce is Non-White
17
January 2005
Critical Issues Remain
Keeping students on the Path
Capture them in the DoD and National Security
Workforce
Attracting the “Underrepresented Majority”
(women, minorities) to S&E careers
18
Backup
19
Awards to Stimulate & Support Undergraduate
Research Education (ASSURE)
• Joint DoD/NSF undergraduate research program based on National Science
Foundation Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) site program
• Support ~20 summer research sites in DoD relevant science and engineering
(~10 students/site; avg. award 3 years; 8-10 weeks)
• Army, Air Force, & Navy representatives select sites for DoD funding
• Participants must be US citizens or permanent residents
• Encourages participation of women, underrepresented minorities, & students
from institutions where research opportunities are limited
• Air Force is lead service for administering this program
• FY04 ASSURE budget: $4.5M
20
eCYBERMISSION
Shows Students that Math, Science and Technology can be
interesting and exciting
• Supports Army’s intent “to give back to the Nation”
• Attracts an audience of children beyond math/science “stars”
• Web-based adventure: team competition activities, games, puzzles with
solid learning points
• Overview
• Web Based Competition – Team Effort
• 6-9th Grade, 3-4 Student Teams + 1 Advisor
• $500K in Prizes, ($2K-$5K/Team Member) Regional and National
21
STARBASE
• Primarily At-Risk kids
• 20 Classroom Hour experience
at DoD bases
• 45+ sites in
28 states
• Engaging
Science
and Mathematics
• Grades 5-8
22
MS&E: National Security and the
Workforce
Northwestern University Materials World Modules (MWM)
 Secondary School Curriculum
 Pedagogy integrates Inquiry and Design



Students complete a series of
hands-on, inquiry-based
activities in each module
Each module culminates in
design challenges
Inquiry cycle
Design cycle
• Identify question.
• Propose explanation.
• Create and perform
• Identify problem.
• Propose design.
• Build and test
experiment
• Based on results,
refine
explanation
prototype
• Based on results,
redesign
product.
Students simulate the work of
scientists (through activities that
foster inquiry) and engineers
(through activities that
Goal: Working explanation
emphasize design)
Science
Goal: Functional product
Engineering
23
Troops to Teachers
Background
Began in 1994 as transition assistance program
Financial aid for 2 years (FY 94 & 95)
Provided placement assistance from FY 96 - 01
Defense Authorization Bill of 2000 moved
responsibility to Dept of Education
 “No Child Left Behind Act of 2001” provides
financial assistance, extends program thru FY
06




24
Troops to Teachers
Program Purpose
• Recruit quality teachers for schools serving
low-income families
• Help relieve teacher shortages, primarily in
Math, Science, & Special Ed
• Assist military personnel in moving to second
careers in K-12, public school teaching
"America’s school
children need you’’
25
Where “Troops” Teach
401+
(4)
201 - 400 (5)
101 - 200 (9)
51 - 100
(9)
26 - 50
(9)
0 - 25
(15)
26
Minority Hires Compared to
All Teachers
*NEA Report - Status of the
American Public School Teacher
2000-2001
100
90%
80
58%
60
Minority
Majority
40
42%
20
10%
0
Public School
Teachers
Troops to
Teachers
27
Gender Hires Compared to
All Teachers
*NEA Report - Status of the
American Public School Teacher
2000-2001
100
79%
80
81%
60
19%
40
20
0
Male
Female
21%
Public School
Teachers
Troops to
Teachers
28
“Troops” Teaching
Math & Science
Incomplete data (~7500 “Troops” Teaching)
• ~25% (1750) of the “Troops” are teaching
Math & Science (all levels)
• ~50% M&S “Troop” Teachers are Minority
• Most of them are Male
29