Transcript Introduction to Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology for Health Professions
Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder
7th Edition
The Digestive System
Chapter 8
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Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,
and Functions of the Digestive Systems
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Major Structures and Accessory
Organs of the Digestive System
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Mouth
• Primary Function
– Begins preparation of food for digestion
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– or/o
– stomat/o
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Structures of the Tongue and Oral Cavity
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Pharynx
• Primary Function
– Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pharyng/o
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Esophagus
• Primary Function
– Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– esophag/o
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Stomach
• Primary Function
– Breaks down food and mixes it with digestive
juices
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– gastr/o
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Structures of the Stomach
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Small Intestine
• Primary Function
– Completes digestion and absorption of most
nutrients
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– enter/o
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Large Intestine
• Primary Function
– Absorbs excess water
– Prepares solid waste for elimination
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– col/o, colon/o
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Structures of Large Intestine
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Rectum and Anus
• Primary Function
– Controls the excretion of solid waste
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– an/o
– proct/o
– rect/o
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Liver
• Primary Function
– Secretes bile and enzymes to aid in the
digestion of fats
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– hepat/o
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Gallbladder
• Primary Function
– Stores bile and releases it to the small intestine
as needed
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– cholecyst/o
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Pancreas
• Primary Function
– Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into small
intestine as needed
• Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
– pancreat/o
(continues)
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Pancreas
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• an/o
– anus, ring
• chol/e
– bile, gall
• cholecyst/o
– gallbladder
• col/o, colon/o
– colon, large intestine
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• -emesis
– vomiting
• enter/o
– small intestine
• esophag/o
– esophagus
• gastr/o
– stomach, belly
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• hepat/o
– liver
• -lithiasis
– presence of stones
• -pepsia
– digest, digestion
• -phagia
– eating, swallowing
(continues)
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• proct/o
– anus and rectum
• rect/o
– rectum, straight
• sigmoid/o
– sigmoid colon
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Questions
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Question
The hydrochloric acid in the human stomach is
strong enough to dissolve a nail.
True or False?
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Answer
True
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Question
How many pounds of force can the jaw muscles
provide to bring the back teeth together for
chewing?
a. 50
b. 200
c. 500
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Answer
c. 200
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Question
If 80% of the human liver was removed, it could
still function and would eventually regenerate to
its original size.
True or False?
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Answer
True
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Question
The body’s longest internal organ is the small
intestine at an average length of about:
a. 20 feet
b. 10 feet
c. 5 feet
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Answer
a. 20 feet
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