Transcript OUTLINE - Bilkent University

OUTLINE
Subject : Compare Windows and Linux
Operating Systems
Hacer ÇONDUR &
Yasemin Tuğba TATLIBAL
History of Computer
• The ancient of computer is abacus.
• first electronical
computer
• found by ENIAC.
• weigth was 30 ton
• 20.000 vacuum
tubes.
• It was very huge.
• First personnel
computer
• created by IBM in 1980.
• Small computers was
developed by IBM.
• This small computers
O/S was MS-DOS.
• MS-DOS was ancient of
the Windows.
• Then,computers are
developed day by day.
What is the Operating System?
• (O/S) is a
-computer program
-manages the hardware and software
-resources of a computer.
-controlling and allocating memory
-prioritizing system requests
-controlling input and output devices,
-facilitating networking, and managing files.
• (O/S) is the first thing loaded onto the computer.
• without the operating system, a computer is useless.
History of Operating System
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1970 Unix
1984 Apple Macintosh OS
1990 Windows 3.0
1991 Linux
1995 Windows 95
2000 Windows 2000 and
Windows XP
Windows and Linux Operating System
• The ancient of Windows
is MS-DOS.
• Windows is a software.
• Versions of the
Windows are
-Windows 95
-Windows 98
-Windows NT
-Windows 2000
-Windows XP(new
version
• The ancient of Linux is
UNIX.
• Linux is a software.
• Versions of the Linux
are
-Mandreke Linux
-Mandriva Linux
-SuSe Linux
-Ubuntu Linux
-Pardus Linux (made in
Turkey )
What is the file system?
• method for storing
• organizing computer files and the data
• to make it easy to find and access
them.
• storage device such as a hard disk or
CD-ROM
• Many filesystems found on common
operating systems
Windows File Systems
• include FAT which is File Allocate Table.
• File Allocate Table is a partially
-patented file system
-developed by Microsoft
-for MS-DOS and versions of Microsoft Windows.
• a cluster is the unit of disk space allocation for
files and directories.
• Fragmentation is a allocate/separate.
• Defragmentation is a deallocate.
Fragmente and Defragmente
• The data which is wanted to save with
operating system.
• Fragmentation is parçalanma.
• Example
- MyComper/Manage/Disk
Rotation/Fragmente or Defragmente…
Defragmentation
• defragmentation eliminates fragmentation in file
systems
• FAT - with a defragmentation utility
• NTFS - include a defragmentation utility..
• ext2 uses an offline defragmenter called e2defrag.
• ext3 has no defragmentation tool, but can be
temporarily downgraded to ext2.
• JFS provides the defragfs utility. (IBM operating
systems only)
• XFS provides an online defragmentation utility
• Note: Linux filesystems try to keep defragmentation
low as long as you keep 20% empty space.[2
FAT12,FAT16,FAT32,NTFS
• FAT32
• FAT12
-The newest FAT type
-The oldest type of FAT uses
-no limitation
-No support for hierarchical
-supported by
directories.
-Windows95,98,2000
-limited directories and root
• NTFS
• FAT16
- New Technology File System
-FAT16 is less popular then
- high-performance
FAT32
- Defragmenta(disk
-limited directories and root
birleştirici) is very quickly
-15 sectors per track clusters
- Windows 2000, XP, Server
size went down from 2
2003 and Vista
sectors to just 1.
COMPARING FAT 12 ,16,32
NTFS
Platter, Sector, Track, Cluster
• Hard Disk has a many platter, read and write head
and spindle motor.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Platter is made by glass and ceramic.
They use ceramic
resistance then covers surface
with magnetic films.
Platter save information with sectors and
tracks.
Each sector include 256 or 512 bytes.
All sectors occur tracks in the platters.
Clusters are small place which separates
components above the hard disk.
Save the files or programs, move these
clusters.
Platters
Track and Sector
Converts to NTFS from the FAT32
• Explain
-CONVERT disk driver: /FS/NTFS
• Example
-CONVERT C: /FS/NTFS
• Other converts…
What is the Linux file system?
• Has a many file system.
• Such as
-minix (first file system)
-ext FS (Extended File System)
-ext2 FS (The Second Extended File System)
-ext3 FS (Third Extended File System)
-ext4 FS (Fourth Extended File System)
-JFS ( Journaling File System)
-XFS
-NSS
-NFS
-ISO9660
GROUP OF JOURNAL FILE SYSTEM
• Some file system include journal system
-JFS
-GPFS
-GFS
-Ext3
-ext4
- XFS
JFS (Journaling File System)
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•
•
•
•
•
High performance and scalability
Journaled
POSIX extended access controls
used by IBM in AIX and OS/2.
feature rich file system ported to Linux
to allow for ease of migration of existing
data.
• It has been shown excellent performance
across a variety of workloads.
JFS
Group of POSIX
-ext2
-ext3
-ext4
-GFS
-GPFS
-JFS
-XFS
POSIX
• Portable Operating System Interface
for UNIX
• Suitable for IEEE
• What is IEEE ?
Minix
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is an open source
based on a microkernel architecture.
Andrew S. Tanenbaum wrote the o\s
to be used for educational purposes;
MINIX also inspired the creation of Linux.
name derives from the words minimal and
UNIX.
Today MINIX is not used by people.
filename length limitation to 14 characters
allowed 2 gigabytes of data
filenames of up to 255 characters.
Ext FS (Extanded File System)
• first file system created specifically for the Linux
operating system.
• It was designed by Rémy Card
• to overcome certain limitations of the Minix file
system.
• Powerful and extensible.
• Block size is 1024 bytes
• a file of 1025 bytes will occupy two 1024 byte
blocks.
• this means that on average you waste half a block
per file.
EXT3
EXT4
NTFS
X Font Server
The Novell Storage Services
Linus Tarvolds
&&
Bill Gates
•Linus Torvalds developed.
•Bill Gates developed.
•The ancient of Linux is
UNIX.
•The ancient of Windows
is MS-DOS.
COMPARE
AND
OS
COMPARE
AND
OS
COMPARE
AND
OS
Suse Linux
and Windows XP
COMPARE
and
-kernel is the central component of most computer OS.
-managing the system's resources
-communication between h/w and s/w components.
-Memory ,processors and I/O devices
-applications must control to perform their function.
•
•
•
•
Has a monolithic kernel.
GNU (GNU’s is Not UNIX)
GNU is a operating system.
Presented by Novell
company
• Suse’s name came from
Software Und System
Entwicklung
• produce by Germany
has a hybrid kernel.
• Is created MS-DOS
• Presented by Microsoft
Corparation
• Windows’s name came from
windows eXPerience
• Produce by America
Monolithic Kernel
and
• A monolithic kernel
• a high-level virtual
interface over computer
hardware
• implement operating
system services such as
-process management,
concurrency
-memory management in
one or more modules
Hybrid kernel
• Hybrid kernel
- combining aspects of
microkernel and monolithic
kernel.
- example of a hybrid kernel
is the NT kernel inside
Windows NT, Windows
2000, Windows XP,
Windows 2003, and
Windows Vista.
LINUX
Monolithic Kernel
AND
WINDOWS
Hybrid Kernel
Why does virus not enter Linux OS?
• Open source
• Blogged by
programmers
• Programmers write
patch(yama)
• Linux do not allow
to users all rights.
• http://youtube.com/watch?v=IfH285cN
35g (linux kicks windows)
• http://youtube.com/watch?v=3yy51hIfI
QU (windows errors)