Transcript Symbolism in Lord of the Flies

Symbolism in Lord of the Flies
English 12
Golding’s Use of Symbolism

Symbolism is the “frequent use of words,
places, characters, or objects that mean
something beyond what they are on a literal
level” (Wheeler).

William Golding uses so much symbolism in
Lord of the Flies that many critics agree that it
is an allegory- a writing that has “a double
meaning” (Wheeler).
Title- Lord of the Flies

Before even opening the novel, the readers
of Golding’s work are face to face with a
symbol—the title.

Lord of the Flies is “a name applied to the
Biblical demon Beelzebub” thus
symbolizing evil (Rosenfield, p.174).
Lord of the Flies

(Flickr)
In the novel, the Lord
of the Flies is the
name is given to the
pigs head that the
hunters put on a stick
sharpened at both
ends. “This head is
for the beast. It’s a
gift” (Golding, 140).
The Conch Shell???
Conch Shell

The conch shell, which is  For the children in
“used to call the children
the story, the conch
to assemblies,” serves as
shell is an important
a symbol of order and
object. Rosenfield
authority (Cox, 170).
points out that “the
conch must be held
by a child before
that child can speak
at councils” (173).
(Flickr)
Conch Shell (cont.)

C.B. Cox points out that the conch is more than
“just a symbol of order” (170). From the
beginning of the novel, Golding describes the
conch with much precision and detail. When the
conch is broken, the reader feels “that sadness
which comes when any object of exquisite beauty
is broken. The symbolic meaning, that this is the
end of the beauty of justice and order” on the
island (Cox 170-71).
Signal Fire???

At their second
council meeting,
Ralph tells the rest of
the boys, “We can
help them to find
us…We must make a
fire” (Golding, 37).
The boys agree
because they want to
be rescued.
(Flickr)
Signal Fire (cont.)

(Flickr)
Paulette Michel-Michot
states: “The fire which
must be kept burning is
the symbol of their hope
for rescue, of their
attachment to civilization,
for it will reveal their
presence on the island to
the outside world”
(Michel-Michot, pg.
176).
The dead parachutist??
Parachutist

Cox describes the dead parachutist as a “symbol
of adult evil” (171). When the boys kill Simon as
he attempts to tell them the truth about the beast,
they show the “adult evil” as “part of themselves”
(Cox, 171).

Frank Kermode calls the dead parachutist “an
ugly emblem of war and decay that broods over
the paradise and provide the only objective
equivalent for the beasts the boys imagine.
(Kermode, 226).
Characters

Golding also uses symbolism in the various
characters of the story. According to MichelMichot, he “makes them work out archetypal
pattern of human society or of different
conflicting tendencies within the individual”
(176).

We can find symbolic meaning in the four main
characters of Lord of the Flies: Ralph, Jack,
Piggy, and Simon.
Ralph???

Ralph



(Flickr)
Represents civility, order,
logic
A symbol of Good
Ralph and Jack “are two
polarizing figures” in the
novel (Michel-Michot).
Ralph is a symbol of
democracy because “he
sought ways to maintain
parliamentary
procedures, to respect
freedom of speech, to
rule through persuasion,
with the consent of the
governed” (Spitz, 173).
Jack???
Jack




Represents our savage
instincts played out
A symbol of Evil, violence
Spitz calls Jack “authorian
man” and compares him to
the dictators “Hitler and
Mussolini” (173).
Spitz also discusses Jack’s
appearance calling him a
“Satanic figure with his red
hair and black cape” (173).
(Flickr)
Piggy???




Ralph’s Ally
True and wise
friend
Victim
Piggy’s physique
and intelligence
make him an
outcast.
Piggy




Represents the adult world
A symbol of intelligence
David Spitz compares Piggy to “Socrates, the voice
of reason” (173). One example of his sense of
reason is shown when the boys’ first fire gets out of
control. Piggy tells the others, “The first thing we
ought to have made was shelters on the beach…
How can you expect to be rescued if you don’t put
first things first and act proper” (Golding, 44).
When Piggy is killed, “with his death all sense, all
reason is gone; the ultimate madness sets in” (Spitz,
173).
Simon???




Different
Tends to faint
Quiet, shy
Introverted
Simon





Represents intuitive insight and self-awareness
Symbolizes the beginning of the end
A symbol of morality
In Lord of the Flies, Simon signifies “the Christfigure, the voice of revelation” (Spitz, 172).
In an interview with James Keating, William
Golding states: “Simon is a saint” (Keating, 219).
Examples of Simon as Christ-like

There are several events involving Simon that portray him as
a Christ-like or Biblical figure:
 The first event occurs when Simon feeds the littluns
described in the following passage:
“Then, amid the roar of bees in the afternoon sunlight,
Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach,
pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them
back down to endless outstretched hands” (Golding, 55).
Simon (cont.)

This passage
“unmistakably evokes the
Biblical accounts of
Christ amid the breadhungry masses”
(Spangler, 233). Like
Jesus, Simon provides his
followers, in his case the
littluns, with plenty of
food to satisfy their
hunger.
Simon (cont.)


When he discovers that the beast is the dead
parachutist, “like Moses, then, he comes
down from the mountain bearing the truth”
(Spitz, 172). Also, like Moses, he is not
listened to.
Secondly, his death symbolizes the
Crucifixion of Jesus. Like Jesus, Simon was
trying to tell the others the truth. For this, he
was slain.
Roger

Roger ~ “Silent”
and sadistic
Targets the “littluns”
The only one to
premeditate murder
Kills without
conscience
Represents Pure evil
Sam & Eric
Described as barely
having enough skin to
cover both, bulletheaded, and they
finish each other’s
sentences
The last to remain
loyal to Ralph
Represent the tug-ofwar within us to
remain good

Roger ~ “Silent”
and sadistic
Targets the “littluns”
The only one to
premeditate murder
Kills without
conscience
Pure evil
The Littluns
Represent the
common folk,
who easily
follow the lead
of others into
savagery when
there is no
enforced
structure in
society
Symbolism Search Activity 1

The conch & Piggy’s glasses

Have 5-7 GOOD Explanations Each!!

In pairs, search through Chapters 1 for
sentences which mention these objects.

Record the page number, the sentence, and
a statement about how it is being used
symbolically
The Conch

Mystery, power, authority, worth
Piggy’s Glasses

Security, comfort, utility, Piggy’s
helplessness, ownership, civilization
Ralph


Ralph is introduced to us first as “the fairhaired boy” (Golding, 5).
As the story progresses, Ralph emerges as
a leader. “It is he who find that conch and
arranges that when there is a meeting he
who hold the conch shall speak” (Forester,
228).
Piggy



Piggy is introduced to the reader as being short, fat,
and wearing “thick spectacles” (Golding, 5).
Piggy’s glasses play an important role in the novelthey are used to start the fire.
As the novel progresses, we learn that Piggy is the
“brains of the party” (Forester, 228). When Piggy and
Ralph found the conch, it was Piggy that said, “We
can use this to call the others. Have a meeting…”
(Golding, 15). This way of thinking exemplifies
Piggy’s intelligence.
Jack


Jack is introduced as being “tall, thin, and bony”
(Golding 17). He has red hair, and is wearing a
black hat and cloak. “His face was crumpled and
freckled, and ugly without silliness” (Golding,
17).
When all the boys gather to have a meeting and
are discussing the idea of a chief, Jack states with
arrogance, “I ought to be chief…because I’m
chapter chorister and head boy” (Golding, 20).
Simon


Simon is introduced to the reader as “the choir
boy who had fainted” (Golding, 20). Then,
Golding describes him as “a skinny, vivid little
boy, with…straight hair that hung down, black
and coarse” (Golding, 22).
In the novel, Simon plays the role of the Christlike figure. In an interview, Golding himself calls
Simon “a saint” (Kermode, 219).
Works Cited






Cox, C.B. “A review of ‘Lord of the Flies.’ ” Critical Quarterly 2.2 (Summer
1960): 112-17. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Vol. 58.
Detroit: Gale, 1990. 170-72.
Flickr. Yahoo! Inc. 16 July 2008. http://www.flickr.com/
Forester, E. M. “Introduction.” Lord of the Flies: Casebook Edition. Ed.
James R. Baker & Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1988.
Golding, William. Lord of the Flies: Casebook Edition. New York : Penguin
Group, 1988.
Kermode, Frank. “The Meaning of It All.” Lord of the Flies: Casebook
Edition. Ed. James R. Baker & Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr. New York: Penguin
Group, 1988.
Lambert, Bruce. “Obituary.” New York Times (June 20, 1993): p.38.
Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 81. Detroit:
Gale, 1994. 316-17. .
Works Cited (cont.)





Michel-Michot, Paulette. “The Myth of Innocence.” Revue des langues vivantes
28.4 (1962): 510-20. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Vol.
58. Detroit: Gale, 1990. 175-77
Rosenfield, Claire. “Men of Smaller Growth: A Psychological Analysis of
William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies.’ ” Literature and Psychology 11.4 (Fall
1961): 93-101. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Vol. 58.
Detroit: Gale, 1990. 172-75.
Spangler, Donald R. “Simon.” Lord of the Flies: Casebook Edition. Ed. James
R. Baker & Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr. New York: Penguin Group, 1988.
Spitz, David. “Power And Authority: An Interpretation of Golding’s ‘Lord of
the Flies.’ ” The Antioch Review 30.1 (Spring 1970): 21-33. Contemporary
Literary Criticism. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale, 1981. 172-73.
Wheeler, Dr. Kip. "Literary Vocabulary." Dr. Wheeler's Hompage . 06 June
2008. Carson-Newman College. 12 July 2008
<http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms.html>.