Transcript Ch 1 - Latibeaudiere.com

Information Communication
and Technology Class
By: Mr. Latibeaudiere
March, 2011
Introduction
This chapter talk about computer systems
and how information is processed in
those machine.
Input,processing,output
The three basic stages before any task can be
complete witch are input, processing and
output. What is a program. The most
commonly used input devices and output and
what means GIGO ‘garbage in garbage out’
Data information
 What means data. the types of data which are
numeric, text, dates, graphics and sound.
Concepts
A computer is an information processing
machine. Computer process data to produce
information. The most common mist take
made by people when they talk about
computers is to believe that are intelligent
‘thinking machine’. Everything that a
computer on its being told exactly what to do
and how to do it by a human.
Parts of the computers
 Hardware is the name given to any part
of a computer that you can actually
touch. An individual piece of hardware
is called a device.
Fig. 1.2: the part of the computer
Input
devices
Central processing
Unit (CPU)
Backing storage
devices
Output
devices
The central processing
 The central processing unit (CPU) s the part
of the computer where the searching and
sorting of data, calculating and decisionmaking goes on. The CPU is describe as the
‘brain’ of the computer, but this isn`t really
true because computers aren`t able to think
for themselves. The CPU contains the main
memory, the control unit and the arithmetic
and the logic unit (ALU). The main memory
holds the program instruction and the data.
Central processing unit
PROCESSOR
ALU
Main
memory
CONTROL
UNIT
Data flow
Control flow
instruction flow
Input
And
Output
devices
m
 The set of instruction that humans give
computers are called programs and software.
Software that caries out a particular type of
task for a user is often called application
software. Word processor, spreadsheets,
databases, programs to control or fly aero
planes to calculate a company payroll or keep
track of how many cans of baked beans are
left in a supermarket are all example of
applications software.
There many reasons for using and some of this are:
 Computer can work much faster than humans can.
 Computers never get tired or need a rest;
 Computers can do jobs that it would be dangerous for
a humans to do;
 Computers can store large amounts of information in
a very small space;
 Computer can find information very quickly;
 Computers never lose or misplace information.
Input, processing and output
 Whenever a computer is used it must work its
way through three basic stages before any
task can be completed. This are input,
processing and output.
 A program is a set of step by step instructions
which tell the computer exactly what to do
with input in order to produce the require
output.
Input
 The stage of computing is concerned with
getting the data needed by the program into
the computer.the most commonly used input
devices are the mouse and the keyboard.
Processing
 The program contains instructions about what
to do with the input. What the computer
produce at the end of this stage, the output,
will only be ass good as the instructions given
in the program. In other words if garbage has
been put into the program; garbage is what
will come out of the computer. This is know
as GIGO; or garbage in garbage out.
Output
 The output stage of computing is
concerned with “giving out” processed
data as information in a form that is
useful to the user.the most commonly
output devices are the screen and the
printer.
Data and information
 Data s any collection of numbers; character
or other symbol that has been coded into a
format that can be input to a computer and
processed.data has no meaning or context.
There many types of data the many types of
data can be input into a computer and
processed are numeric; text; dates; graphics
and sound.
Numeric
 Numeric data types are spilt into two different
sort. First is a whole number that has no
decimal point in it. Second is real. A real
number is one with a decimal point in it
Text
 Text data includes any character on the
keyboard. Text is also called string
dates
 Dates are often created as a kind of data on
their own and stored in[pside the computer in
a very special way that makes them easier to
process.
Graphics
 Diagrams, picture and scanned images store
on a computer in special graphics files.
Sound
 Any sound can be recorded in digital form for
use by a computer.
Always
remember
A computer processes data to turn it useful
information.
Questions
 1. Describe what happens at each of the
stage of computing listen below.
(a) input:
(b) processing:
(c) output:
 2. Answer the following
(a) what is meant by the term data?
.(b) Give an example of 2 different data types.
(c)What s meant by the term information.
(d)Give one example of information.
.
 3. Put the computer memory size listened
below into increasing order of size with
the smallest first and the bigger last.
10mb 100 m 5gb 50mb 500 m
.
 4. Mr. Brown is divorced with two children. She
recently returned to full-time education and is in
the third year of a science degree. She has taken
out student loans of L5000. She regularly
plays squash at the local sport center. She does
not have any credit cards. She rents a council
house from her local authority.
(a)Using only the information given above; write
down five facts about Mr. Browns which are likely
to be stored in a computer database.
(b) Explain briefly the different between information
and data.
.
Thanks