Transcript Persuasive Essay Body and Conclusion

Persuasive Essay Body and
Conclusion
Intro
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Your Introductory Paragraph is as follows:
1) Hook
2) background information
3) Thesis statement includes three arguments. These three
arguments will become your topic sentences.
Thesis example
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School officials should allow energy drinks and soda on
school because money from students buying the drinks
can help the school, the drinks provide students with an
energy boost and school officials should not have control
over what students can put in their bodies.
Body Paragraphs
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A good persuasive paragraph should have three body
paragraphs.
These should be your THREE biggest reasons for your
side of the argument.
Body Paragraphs
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The body should consist of at least three paragraphs.
Each paragraph is based on a solid reason to back your
thesis statement.
Since almost all issues have sound arguments on both
sides of the question, a good persuasive writer tries
to anticipate opposing viewpoints and provide
counter-arguments along with the main points in
the essay.
The last body paragraph ( we will focus on this
one later on in the week) will be used to address
these counteragruments.
Body Paragraphs
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The first sentences is the TS or TOPIC SENTENCE
This should be the first argument listed in the thesis
statement.
Ex: In our example thesis our first argument is that the drinks
can raise money for school.
Topic Sentence:
When students buy drinks at school, the money goes directly to
the school to help fund programs and pay for school supplies.
What follows the Topic Sentence?
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Concrete Detail #1 (CD) – this is a fact.
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Ex: The school board said the school would get 75 cents for
every drink sold.
Every Concrete detail needs a Commentary. A
commentary talks specifically about the fact and how
it ties to the topic sentence and thesis.
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This s your opinion on the fact ( but do not use ‘I”)
--Ex: Schools need the extra money to help fund programs
that the district cannot pay for.
The following are different ways to support
your arguments:
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We will look at four you can choose from to use in your
writing.
Option One: facts
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Facts - A powerful means of convincing, facts can come
from your reading, observation, or personal experience.
Note: Do not confuse facts with truths. A "truth" is an
idea believed by many people, but it cannot be proven.
Statistics
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Statistics - These can provide excellent support. Be sure
your statistics come from responsible sources.
Always cite your sources.
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List them at the end of your essay. Within the essay, put the
author’s name in parenthesis
Quotes
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Quotes - Direct quotes from leading experts that
support your position are invaluable.
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Remember to cite these sources as well.
Examples
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Examples - Examples enhance your meaning and make
your ideas concrete. They are the proof.
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Cite your sources here as well.
What comes next?
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End your body paragraphs with a transition sentence.
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The transition sentence should summarize what you have
said in this paragraph and hint at what is coming up in the
next paragraph.
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Example:
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Energy drinks will not only raise money for the school’s
necessary expenses, but also give students extra energy to
focus in class.
Review of Body Paragraph Structure:
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Topic Sentence
Concrete Detail ( fact from research)
Commentary ( your opinion)
Concrete Detail (another fact from research)
Commentary ( your opinion)
Transition Sentence
You will have a total of three of these: one paragraph per
reason listed in your thesis.
Repeat this for your three body paragraphs:
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Body paragraph one: reason 1
Body Paragraph two: reason 2
Body paragraph three: reason 3
Let’s take some time to start writing…..
Bellwork October 4th:
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Think of someone you deeply respect. Discuss the
qualities that make you respect them as a person.
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10 sentences
Paragraph Five: Counterarguments
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Begin this paragraph with a Concession:
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concession: an acknowledgement of part of your opponent's
argument as being valid.
Remember that a concession is not a form of weakness. In fact
a concession is a strength as it finds common ground with your
opponent and establishes your ethical appeal: you are a
reasonable person willing to listen to /acknowledge that there
are more sides to an issue than yours.
2. Bring up the opposing arguments:
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You can’t ignore compelling opposing evidence.
address strong arguments on the other side; if you don’t,
it looks like you are not well prepared and have not
looked at the issue you are writing about from all
perspectives.
Example
Ex: Some school officials said the drinks should not be
reintroduced onto the campuses because the drinks are linked
to obesity. Studies have also shown that overuse of pizza,
bread, and other food sold on campus could be bad for
students’ health. Why is the school board focusing on the
worst possible outcome?
3. Argue your side :
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Clarify why your side of the argument is still right even
though they do make some good points.
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Build off of what the other side says to make your
argument even stronger
Review of paragraph Five:
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1. Concession: tell the other side they have some valid
points
2. List some of their reasons/ arguments
3. Argue your side as making more sense despite their
good reasons.
Proposal for a Student Club to
Discuss Current Events
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It’s true that after-school programs can be difficult to set up
and keep going. Even if a club is popular at the beginning,
students can lose interest and drop out. Also, these programs
are sometimes expensive and can add too much to our school
budget. These are good reasons to question starting up
another after-school club. The Discussion of Current Events
Club deserves special consideration, however, because it might
be very popular. After all, students like to discuss and even
argue. They just need a place to go and a little direction to help
guide the discussion. Additionally, this program would not be
very expensive, since members would not travel, and the
program does not need any extra equipment.
Ending the essay: The Conclusion
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1. Now restate the thesis ( change words, but keep the
meaning the same)
1)
2. End with a powerful appeal to emotions, logic, or
ego. This gets the readers to do something. We will
look at three types to end on. You will choose one.
Ethos, Pathos and Logos
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Ethos = an ethical or moral argument ( appeal to
authority)
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Pathos = an emotional argument ( an appeal to
emotions)
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Logos = a logical argument ( an appeal to logic)
Ethos
The word "ethos" came from the Greek word ethikos
meaning moral or showing moral character. Aristotle
contends that a speaker must establish moral credibility in the
minds of the audience at the beginning of his or her
speech. In order to do so, the speaker must show that he or
she has expertise in the subject matter of the speech and that
he or she is disconnected from topic (i.e., the speaker does
not and will not have a direct interest or an ulterior motive for
convincing their audience).
For example, when a trusted doctor gives
you advice, you may not understand all of
the medical reasoning behind the advice,
but you nonetheless follow the directions
because you believe that the doctor knows
what s/he is talking about.
Ethos = an appeal to ethics
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Ethos: Ethos is related to the English word ethics and refers to the
trustworthiness of the speaker/writer.
Ethos is an effective persuasive strategy because when we believe
that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing
to listen to what s/he has to say.
Likewise, when a judge comments on legal precedent audiences tend
to listen because it is the job of a judge to know the nature of past
legal cases.
For example, professional football players have
established their credibility in sports by playing in
the NFL. If it tells us that VIZIO is the best plasma
television for watching the game, we believe that
he knows what he is talking about.
If you use this device, find a spokesperson who
agrees with you and end with them.
Pathos = an emotional
argument
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An effective use of pathos will alter the mindsets of the
audience through the use of emotional appeal.
Both words and pictures can achieve this appeal. In this
picture, Haitian children are collecting water. Children and
adults spend all day digging for water because most of Haiti
does not have access to water.
Pathos
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Pathos: Pathos is related to the words pathetic, sympathy and
empathy.
Those who wish to persuade you will play with your emotions.
They may persuade you with fear, love, patriotism, guilt, hate or
joy.
A majority of arguments in the popular press are heavily
dependent on appealing to your emotions.
Although the use of pathos can be manipulative, it is the
cornerstone of moving people to action and it will continue to
be used again and again.
Appeals to pathos touch a nerve and compel people to not
only listen, but to also take the next step and act in the world.
If you use this technique: then find something emotional
relating to your topic and share it, making an emotional
connection to your readers and getting them to “feel”.
Logos
Logos means logic
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Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the
intellect.
Logos appeals to the left side of the audience's
brain. The audience finds certain patterns,
conventions and modes of reasoning to be
convincing and persuasive. The audience relies on
reasoning and facts to make its decision. Numbers,
polls and statistics are also examples of the
persuasive use of logic.
REVIEW
Ethos, Pathos and Logos
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Ethos = an ethical or moral argument
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Pathos = an emotional argument
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Logos = a logical argument
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Choose one of these to end your essay on. Use the one
you think could be the most powerful.You want the
“Wow” factor at the end .
Time to write….
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Counteragrument Paragraph
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Concession
List the opposing arguments
Argue your side despite their reasoning
Conclusion
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Restate the thesis
End with a powerful use of ethos, pathos, or logos