Chapter Six, Section Two
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Transcript Chapter Six, Section Two
The White House Staff
&Cabinet
“Presidential Advisers and
Executive Agencies”
Helping the President
Helping the President
To help the president
with all of their many
tasks, the “Executive
Office of the
President” (“EOP”)
was created in 1939.
This includes advisors,
clerks, secretaries, and
other specialists.
The “E.O.P”
The “EOP” has
approximately 2,000
employees and
operates on a budget
of over $100 million
dollars per year.
The “E.O.P”
The “E.O.P”
The “EOP” has five
divisions to assist the
president:
–
–
–
–
White House Office
OMB
NSC
Office of
Administration
– CEA
“White House Office”
The “White House
Office”, also known as
the “White House
Staff”, has a staff of
over 500 people who
work directly for the
president.
It is lead by the “chief
of staff”, who is the
most powerful
member of this staff.
“White House Office”
This office determines
who can see the
president and reads
most of the reports
and letters sent to the
president.
Their job is to brief
the presidents on these
reports or letters.
“Chief of Staff”
The current White
House “Chief of
Staff” for President
Obama is Dennis
McDonough.
He is one of the
president’s most
trusted advisors.
“Office of Management and
Budget” (“OMB”)
The “Office of
Management and
Budget” (“OMB”)
helps prepare the
president’s budget and
helps monitor
hundreds of
government agencies.
“Office of Management and
Budget” (“OMB”)
The current director of
the “OMB” for
President Obama is
Sylvia Mathews.
The director works
directly for the
president and reports
to him personally.
“National Security Council”
(“NSC”)
The “National
Security Council”
(“NSC”) helps the
president coordinate
military and foreign
policy.
“National Security Council”
(“NSC”)
This departments is
made up of four
advisors:
– Vice President
– Secretary of State
– Secretary of
Defense
– Joint Chiefs of Staff
“National Security Council”
(“NSC”)
The “Joint Chiefs
of Staff” is made
up of the top
commanders of
each branch of the
U.S. military.
“Office of Administration”
The “Office of
Administration”
assists the president.
It’s main task is to
help people who
request information
under the “Freedom
of Information Act”
“Council of Economic Advisers”
(“CEA”)
The “Council of
Economic
Advisers” (“CEA”)
helps the president
carry out the role of
economic leader.
“Council of Economic Advisers”
(“CEA”)
The current “CEA”
director for
President Obama is
Alan Kreuger.
“The Cabinet”
The “Cabinet” is a
group of advisors
that include the
heads of the 15
executive
departments.
“The Cabinet”
“The Cabinet”
The advisors all
carry the title of
“secretary”.
The only exception
is the head of the
Department of
Justice, who is the
Attorney General.
“The Cabinet”
The newest
department to be
created was the
“Department of
Homeland
Security” in 2002
(after 9/11)
“The Cabinet”
It’s main goal was
to consolidate our
defenses against
potential terrorist
attacks.
Janet Napolitano is
the current
secretary.
“The Cabinet”
The main
responsibility of the
Cabinet is to advise
the president on all
matters.
Although NOT
mentioned in the
Constitution, every
president since
Washington has had a
Cabinet.
The Vice President
The vice president
has historically had
a limited role.
Recently, they have
been given more
responsibilities
over the year.
The “First Lady”
The “First Lady” has
no set responsibilities
that are listed in the
Constitution.
Over the years, they
have become very
active in a variety of
issues.
The Federal Bureaucracy
The Federal
Bureaucracy is the
name given to the
millions of
employees
(“bureaucrats”)
and agencies that
help run the U.S.
government.
The Federal Bureaucracy
The bureaucracy has
three (3) basic jobs:
– Turn new laws into
action
– Run the day to day
operation of the
government
– Regulate various
activities within the
government.
Independent Agencies
Although not part
of the “Cabinet”,
these agencies are
still accountable to
the president.
Independent Agencies
“Executive
Agencies” are
responsible for
specialized areas.
“NASA” is an
example.
Independent Agencies
“Government
Corporations” are
run like private
businesses, but
they are NOT for
profit
The U.S. Postal
Service is an
example.
Independent Agencies
“Regulatory Boards
and Commissions”
have the task of
protecting the public.
They do NOT report
to the president.
The “F.C.C.” is an
example
Who gets these jobs?
Many of these top
jobs go to “political
appointees”
(trusted friends or
advisors of the
president)
They usually serve
until the president
leaves.
Who gets these jobs?
“Civil Service
Workers” make up
90% of the work force
and keep permanent
jobs.
They are chosen based
on their performance
in the “civil service
system”.
Who gets these jobs?
Before 1883, most
“civil service” jobs
were given out
through the “spoils
system”
This is where jobs are
given as reward for
political support.
“To the victor go the
spoils”…
Who gets these jobs?
The “Civil Service
Reform Act” of 1883
placed limits on the
number of jobs a
president can give to
their supporters.
Who gets these jobs?
Today, we use the
“merit system” where
jobs are given out
based on high
standards and exams.
Who gets these jobs?
The “Office of
Personnel
Management”
(“OPM”) today
controls and operates
the civil service
system.