Transcript Document

Adobe Photoshop
Tutorial
Part Two
Retouching A
Scanned Image
Reset All Tools.
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To ensure that all the tools
you will use in this tutorial
are set correctly, you will
reset them to their
default settings.
Click the tool icon, top left;
click the menu radial
button, just to the right
From the Tool Presets
pull-down menu, choose
Reset All Tools.
Open the Fruit Image.
Open the Fruit file, located in your
Desktop copy of the Photoshop Files
folder.
 Use the embedded profile
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Rotate the Image.
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To turn the image so that it has the
correct orientation, from the Image
menu, select Rotate Canvas :
90˚ CW.
Cropping At the Border.
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Trimming unwanted areas of an image will
make the file size smaller, improving
performance of the Photoshop program.
You will use the
cropping tool to
eliminate the
black border on
this image.
Select With Cropping Tool.
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“Get” the cropping tool from
the toolbox.
Drag the cropping tool’s
marquee from the upper
left corner to the lower
right corner of the image.
You may alter the cropping
selection in a number of ways,
or you may deselect and start over.
Altering the Cropping Selection.

You may alter the selection border of
the cropping tool in the following ways:
Drag from one of the handles on the
cropping rectangle to adjust its size or
angle of rotation.
 Drag from within the cropping rectangle to
move the entire rectangle.
 Cancel the selection by clicking any tool.

Zoom in for Cropping Control.
Type – + a few times to zoom in, then
scroll (press the
spacebar and drag)
to one of the corners
of the image.
 You will be adjusting the position of the
cropping rectangle so that you can crop
off the unwanted black border.

Adjust Cropping Selection.
Drag from the handle at the corner of
the cropping marquee. Position the
marquee so that it falls exactly on the
inside edge of the black border.
 Scroll to the opposite corner and do the
same.
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before
after
Complete the Crop.
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To complete the cropping procedure,
press the Return key.
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You may instead
double-click inside the
cropping marquee.
Double-click on the
zoom tool in the toolbox.
Save As.
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As in all computer programs, you should save
your work-in-progress periodically to avoid
potential losses.
Choose Save As from the File menu.
Choose Photoshop from the File Format
menu.
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Do not save your work-in-progress compressed.
When asked, click Replace to replace the
original Fruit file.
Adjusting Image Size/Resolution.
We can use Photoshop to increase or
decrease the image’s size and
resolution independent of one another.
 Images can be made smaller without a
loss in quality.
 Images made larger, with resolution
increased by re-sampling, usually will
demonstrate a loss of image quality.

The Image Size Dialog Box.
From the Image Menu, choose Image Size.
The Image Size dialog box appears.
 Here you can control:
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The pixel
dimensions of
the image.
 The printing
dimensions of
the image
 The resolution
of the image.

Decrease the Image Size.
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In the Pixel Dimensions Height box,
enter 378 pixels. (Be sure units are set to pixels.)
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The Width will decrease proportionately to
about 449 pixels,
with the resolution
remaining at 72 ppi.
The file size will
decrease to
about 495K.
Complete the Resize.

If you accidentally enter the wrong numbers,
you can restore the
original values by
holding down the
Option key and
clicking the
Reset button.
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If the numbers are correct, click OK, and then
Save the image.
Sharpening the Image.
Images that are “soft” (slightly blurred or
out of focus) can be improved using
various sharpening filters.
 From the Filter menu,
choose Sharpen :
Unsharp Mask.
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This filter will increase
apparent sharpness
by increasing edge contrast.
Unsharp Mask Values.
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Drag within the small window to see
other parts of the image. Dragging in
the window will momentarily remove the
effect, allowing you to
toggle between the
sharpened and the
unsharpened image.
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Deselect Preview and experiment with
different settings.
Complete the Sharpening.
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A range of 50% to 15% in Amount works best
for most images.
The Radius determines the depth of pixels
affected at the edge to be sharpened.
The Threshold determines how much
difference there has to be between adjacent
pixels before
sharpening is
applied.
Click OK.
Cleaning Up Dust.
The Dust & Scratches filter cleans up
“noise” in an image by seeking out small
areas of differing pixels and blurring
them.
 Using the zoom tool,
click once on the
lower left corner of the
image. You can see
some dust in this area.
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Select the Dusty Area.
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Using the rectangular marquee tool,
select the bottom left corner
containing the dust.
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To cancel a selection and
do it over, choose None from
the Select menu, or type – D .
From the Filter
menu, choose
Noise : Dust
& Scratches.
Dust and Scratches Dialog Box.
Deselect Preview and experiment with
different settings to observe the effect in
the small window.
 Enter a radius of 16
pixels and a threshold
of 11 pixels. Click OK.
 Deselect the dust area (Select : None)
and double-click on the zoom tool.
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Erasing a Blemish.
You will remove the bruise on the pear
by “sampling” color from the
surrounding skin and “painting” it onto
the pear with the rubber stamp tool.
 With the zoom tool, drag a square
around the pear to zoom into it.
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Select the Rubber Stamp Tool.
Select the rubber
stamp tool in the toolbox
to call up its options.
 In the options bar (top of window),
choose aligned.
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Change Brush Size.
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From the options bar, change
the brush size for the rubberstamp tool to “Soft Round
17 pixels.”
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Position the rubber stamp’s pointer just below
and to the
left of the bruise
on the pear.
Set the Sample Origin Point.
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Option-click (hold the option key and click
mouse) to set the origin point for the sample
from the unbruised part of the pear. You will
paint with pixels from this sample.
Move the pointer over the bruised area and
begin dragging to paint over the bruise.
Change the sampling area for variety and a
realistic effect.
Save the file.
before
after
Making Local Color
Corrections.
There are numerous ways to make
adjustments in the brightness, color,
contrast, and saturation (color intensity)
of the image.
 We can also constrain any of these
adjustments to specific areas of the
image by various means.
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A Little Magic.
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Click the “magic wand” tool in the
toolbox to select it. The magic
wand tool makes selections based
upon the similarity of pixels in the area
you click.
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Its options will appear in the Options bar above.
Set the Tolerance.
The magic wand tool selects adjacent
pixels that fall within a specified color
range, or tolerance.
 The numbers may range from 0 (only
identical pixels will be selected) to 255
(all pixels will be selected)
 In the Options bar, set the tolerance
to 40.
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Select the Background
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Click the upper left portion of the image
to select the gray stone background. Not
all background areas will be selected.
Adjust the Saturation.
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From the Image menu,
choose Adjust : Hue/Saturation.
The Hue/Saturation dialog
box appears.
Drag the dialog box by
its title bar until you
can see the image.
Move the Saturation
slider to +50 to increase the intensity of colors
in the selected area. Click OK.
Adjust the Brightness.
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With the background still selected,
choose Adjust : Brightness/Contrast
from the Image menu.
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The Brightness/Contrast dialog box appears.
Slide the Brightness to 10 and the
Contrast to 10 to bring
out more of the texture
in the background.
 Click OK, Deselect, and Save.
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Using the History Palette.
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From the Window menu, select History.
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The History Palette shows the 20 most recent
“states” of your image.
(You can increase or
decrease this number).
By clicking on any one of these
“states,” you can return the
image to its appearance at
that state.
Returning to Another State.
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When you click on an earlier
state, the image returns to
that state and everything
beneath that state in the
History Palette is grayed-out.
If you then make a change to the image, the
grayed-out states in the History Palette will
be eliminated.
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The History Palette will then continue from the
state where you made the change.
To Preserve a History State.
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You can create a “snapshot” of any History
State that you wish to preserve.
Select any State you choose.
From the History Palette
pull-down menu, select
New Snapshot.
The chosen state
will then appear as
a new snapshot and
will always remain available.
Other Adjustments.
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Photoshop allows you to quickly lighten
(dodge), darken (burn-in), or adjust the
saturation of an area using a brush-like
tool (the Toning tool).
First, we will “dodge” a shadow area to
lighten it.
Using the Zoom tool, click once to zoom in
to a 2:1 view. If necessary, scroll so that
you can see the upper-right of the image.
Dodge the Shadow.
Hold the mouse button down on the
Toning Tool in the toolbox.
 Select the Dodge tool.
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Drag to lighten the shadow in the cloth.
before
after
Change Brushes.
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From the Options bar, Select the “Soft
Round 100 pixel” brush.
Using the Burn Tool.
The “burn tool” option of the Toning Tool
makes a part of the image darker.
 Select the Burn tool
from the Toolbox.
 In the Options bar, set the slider to
reduce the Exposure to 20 percent.
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Burn In the Apricot Highlight.
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Position the burn pointer on the lower
apricot, and drag along the crease of
the apricot to darken the shadows and
help to define its shape.
before
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Save the image.
after
Using the Lasso Tool.
Double-click the zoom tool to
return to a 1:1 view of the image.
 Select the lasso tool in the toolbox.
 In the Options bar, set the Feather
radius to 20 pixels.
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This means that 20 pixels on either side of the
selection will be partially selected, resulting in a
soft-edged selection.
Lasso the Main Subjects.
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Using the lasso cursor, draw a
continuous selection encompassing the
plate, the apple, and the two roses.
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When you release the
mouse button, the final
selection border appears
slightly smaller due to
the feather value.
Invert the Selection; Hide Edges.
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From the Select menu, choose Inverse to
select everything that
is outside of the
selection border.
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From the View Menu, deselect Extras
( – H) to hide the selection border, making it easier
to see the changes.
Another Control for Pixel Values.
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From the Image menu, choose Adjust :
Levels ( – L).
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The Levels dialog box shows the brightness
values of all pixels and their distribution
throughout the image in a histogram.
The Levels dialog box offers more control than
the Brightness/Contrast command.
In the Levels dialog box you can control
separately the brightness of shadows,
midtones, and highlights.
The Levels Dialog Box.
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Move left to darken
midtones, move right
to lighten midtones.
Move right to
darken shadows.
Move left to lighten
highlights.
Move right to lighten shadows.
Move left to darken highlights.
Input to the Levels Dialog Box.
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You will use the Levels dialog to adjust the
tonal values, and thus change the midtones,
shadows, and highlights of the image. The
Preview check box lets you see the effect of
changes to the image.
Drag the middle slider
to .65. Lower values
will darken the image
and higher values will
lighten it.
Click OK.
The Levels Tool Makes Bright.
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Next, we will lighten those parts of the
picture which are within the selection.

Choose Inverse from the Select menu to
select all that wasn’t
selected before.
The selection border
appears around the
original selection.
Hit – H to Hide the
selection borders.
Hit – L for the Levels dialog box.
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Adjust the Levels.
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Use the middle (gray) slider or enter a value of
1.20 in the center text box. This will create more
highlights in the midtones.
Use the shadows (black)
slider or enter 10 in the
left text box. This will
darken the shadows.
Use the highlights
(white) slider or enter
235 in the right text box.
This will brighten the highlights.
Changed Emphasis.
Click OK.
 Deselect the selection.
 Save the file.
 The image now
is darker around
the outside and
lighter, for
emphasis, around
the subject.
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Alter the Saturation
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The sponge tool allows you to saturate or
desaturate color for dramatic effect.
Select the Sponge from the
Toning Tools in the toolbox.
In the Toning Tools Options
palette choose Saturate from
the mode menu.
Saturate the Fruit.
Drag the sponge cursor over the
different items of fruit to increase their
color saturation for dramatic effect.
 You can change the sponge tool to
Desaturate if you wish to reverse any
changes, or you may always Revert to
the last saved version of the image (File
menu : Revert).
 When finished, Save.
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Before and After.
before
after
Select the Apple.
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Select the rectangular marquee
tool in the toolbox.
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Drag to select
a rectangular
area including
only the apple.
A Useful Key-Combination Sequence.
To copy the selection into a new image
file, there is a useful sequence of
key-combinations.
 Type -C; then -N; then hit return; then
-V.
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-C copies the selection to the clipboard; -N
makes a new image; hitting return ok’s
making the image the same size as the
clipboard; and -V copies the clipboard
contents into a new layer in the new image.
Just the Apple.
Save the resulting new file
to your ZIP disk as “Apple.”
 Type – + a couple of times to
enlarge the window size.
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Click once on the Foreground Color
square in the toolbox to pick a color
you’ll later use to fill a shape.
The Color Picker.
The Color Picker will appear.
 With H (Hue) selected, you can drag the
slider up or down to pick a different
color.
 You can click in
the square to
change the
brightness and
saturation.

Enter the Numbers.
You can also “pick a color” by entering
precise numerical values.
 Make a dark brown foreground color by
entering H(hue)= 20; S(saturation)= 60;
and B(brightness)= 30.
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Create a New Layer

Click in the pull-down menu for the
Layers palette and choose New Layer...
•In the dialog box, name
the new layer “button.”
Make a Rectangular Selection.
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Be sure that the “button”
layer is selected.
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Use the Rectangular
Marquee tool to make
a selection across the
bottom of the image
area.
Fill the Selection With Color.
From the Edit menu, select Fill.
 In the Fill dialog box, select Foreground
Color, 100% Opacity and Normal Mode.
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The Rectangle is Filled.
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The rectangular selection
on the button layer
is now filled with the
Foreground Color.
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Type – D to deselect the rectangle.
Make Your Button 3-D.
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To make the button look as if it
were 3-D, we’ll add a “bevel and
emboss” to it.
From the Layer menu, select
Layer Style : Bevel and
Emboss…

Click OK for the default settings
in the dialog that results.
Create a Button Shadow.
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From the Layer menu, select Layer Style :
Drop Shadow…
In the resulting dialog box, click OK for the
default settings.
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Your button lay now has a
drop shadow, as well as
the bevel and emboss. It
appears to be a button
that can be “pressed.”
Put Your Name on the Apple.
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Select the Type tool in the Toolbox.
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Click to make a text insertion point
near the center of
the brown rectangle.
The Type Tool Options.
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In the Options bar, select a font of your choice.
Select 14 pt. size and anti-aliased smooth.
Type your first and last names.
If this size and font does not fit within your
button, select the type with the type tool and
change the options.
Select your type with the type tool.
Sample the Apple.
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Click in the Color box to
bring up the Color Picker.
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Instead of using the Color Picker,you will
sample a color from within
the apple.
Move the cursor onto the Apple image
and the cursor becomes an eyedropper.
Click On The Yellow.
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Click the eyedropper cursor
on the yellow area near the
stem of the apple.
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That color will be selected in the
Color Picker.
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Click OK.
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The pixels sampled
by the eyedropper
will determine the
color of the text.
Try It Till You Like It.
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If you are not satisfied with the appearance of
your text, select it with the type tool, and edit
it.
If you ARE satisfied, use the Move
Tool to position the text
exactly where you want it.
From the Layer menu,
Flatten Image.
Save the file.
DO NOT MAKE THE CAPTIONS FOR YOUR PROJECT PHOTOS
THIS WAY! Put captions in “file info” of original files; make captions in
PowerPoint when you turn in the photos in the PowerPoint show.
Saving for the Web.
Photoshop will allow you to save an
“optimized” version of your image which
is compressed for quality and bandwidth
settings appropriate for the Internet.
 From the File menu, select Save
for Web…
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This will export the image into
“ImageReady,” Photoshop’s web-image
companion program.
Your Image in ImageReady.

Click on the “4-UP” tab to see the image
optimization choices.
Image Optimization Choices.
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In the “4-Up” window, you
will see four versions of your
image, each one representing
a different set of
web-optimization options.
Generally, you should select
an option using JPEG when
your image is a full-color photograph.
Download Information.

Underneath each of the “4-Up” images
will be information about
the file size and the
download time projected
for the image after it is placed within a
web page.
For a Non-Photographic Image.
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For a non-photographic image, or one containing
large areas of flat color, GIF optimization rather than
JPEG is preferred.
Select One; Save Optimized.
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To finish your work, select a
JPEG optimization for the apple
picture, changing the parameters
so that you achieve a download
time of under four seconds
with satisfactory image quality.
Click OK; You will be prompted for a file name and
location for saving the optimized file. Save it on your
Desktop as “apple.jpg.”
After saving the optimized file, you’ll be returned to
Photoshop and your pre-optimized file. Since you’ve
already saved this file, you can quit Photoshop.
We’ve Learned To...
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Rotate an image.
Crop an image and adjust its size.
Sharpen.
Remove dust.
Use the rubber stamp to clone.
Adjust hue and saturation.
Lighten and darken; Dodge and burn.
Copy and paste a selection to a new image.
Use the Color Picker to fill a selection.
Add text.
Optimize and save for the web.