Transcript Slide 1

Carbon monoxide is
a by-product of
combustion, present
whenever fuel is
burned without
enough air (oxygen).
It is produced by
common home
appliances, such as
gas or oil furnaces,
gas refrigerators,.
gas clothes
dryers, gas
ranges, gas
water heaters or
space heaters,
fireplaces,
charcoal grills,
and wood
burning stoves
Fumes from
automobiles and gaspowered lawn mowers
may also contain
carbon monoxide and
can enter a home
through walls or
doorways if an engine
is left running in an
attached garage.
Other sources include
fire places, industrial
processes, cigars,
smoldering fires, etc.
Fortunately the CO combusts
if it reaches another part of
the combustion zone if the
temperature is still high
enough and there is sufficient
oxygen.
Note: With cigars and
cigarettes the CO produced
is inhaled by the smoker and
combines with the smoker's
blood to form
carboxyhemoglobin. This
emoves the CO from second
hand smoke .
Carbon Monoxide is
and odorless, tasteless,
and non-irritating,gas
making it difficult for
people to detect. This
gas also known as the
Silent Killer. Carbon
Monoxide is a
dangerous gas that
KILLS PEOPLE
Once exposed to
Carbon Monoxide it
seeks into your Lungs
with every breath you
take making it to a
deadly way into the air
sacs of your lungs were
it binds with
haemoglobin (is the
iron-containing oxygentransport
metalloprotein in the
red blood cells).
The Red Blood Cells carry oxygen threw your body. The
problem is Carbon Monoxide latches on to haemoglobin
more quickly than Oxygen(O2) and its starts taking over
on the most basic of levels. Your cells are lithely
suffocating
With in Minutes a person can feel flue symptoms such as:
Headaches
Sore
eyes
Runny
noise
When it attaches at 10 to 15 percent of the bloods
haemoglobin you feel:Dizzy
Confused
Achy
At 30 to 40 percent a person feels:Drousy
Lethargic
And
leads to a Coma
At 60 to 70 percent
Its
death
According to the CDC
500 people die from
accidental Carbon.
Monoxide poisoning
Nearly 2,000 people
make suicide using
this gas by inhaling
car fumes

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can happen within a matter of minutes and is responsible for more
deaths than any other single poison. This odorless, colorless poison can hurt you slowly in low levels,
cause permanent neurological dysfunctions in moderate levels or take lives in higher levels. Protection
against this deadly poison is as easy as installing a simple carbon monoxide detector in your home or
office.

CO emissions produced whenever fuel such as gas, oil, kerosene, wood or
charcoal is burned. The amount of CO produced while using fuel-burning
appliances is usually not harmful. It becomes hazardous when appliances are
used improperly or are not functioning adequately.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious threat that people need to get
informed about. By educating ourselves on the dangers of CO we can
significantly reduce the health risk as well as save lives. Although everyone
needs to be aware of the dangers, some people are more susceptible than
others. The following are more susceptible to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Foetuses

Infants

Elderly People

Those who suffer from anaemia, respiratory or heart disease
You Can Prevent Carbon Monoxide
Exposure
•Do have your heating system, water heater and any other gas, oil, or coal burning appliances serviced by
a qualified technician every year.
•Do install a battery-operated CO detector in your home and check or replace the battery when you
change the time on your clocks each spring and fall. If the detector sounds leave your home immediately
and call 911.
•Do seek prompt medical attention if you suspect CO poisoning and are feeling dizzy, light-headed, or
nauseous.
•Don't use a generator, charcoal grill, camp stove, or other gasoline or charcoal-burning device inside
your home, basement, or garage or near a window.
•Don't run a car or truck inside a garage attached to your house, even if you leave the door open.
•Don’t burn anything in a stove or fireplace that isn’t vented.
•Don’t heat your house with a gas oven.
Precautionary Measures
Routinely at the beginning of every heating
season home owners should have their fuel
burning appliances checked by a qualified
technician. Appliances deteriorate with time
and can be a health risk to those who live in
the home.
Besides having your appliances inspected,
those using fuel-burning appliances should
have their homes equipped with carbon
monoxide detectors to provide added peace of
mind. Appliances can break down any time of
year so it is important to have a back-up
system in place to keep you informed when
CO levels increase. A CO detector should be
placed on every floor in the home to provide
the best protection. Also knowing which
carbon monoxide detectors to choose and
knowing how CO detectors work can help
With carbon dioxide, it is
important to distinguish
between natural and manmade sources. One of the
largest sources of
atmospheric carbon
dioxide is through plant
and animal decay as
microorganisms break
down the dead material,
releasing carbon dioxide
into the air as part of the
process. Other naturally
occuring sources include
forest fires and volcanoes.
Burning fossil fuels is a
primary source of
greenhouse gases caused
by man; as the chemical
energy in a hydrocarbonrich fossil fuel is
converted into heat,
carbon dioxide is
produced as a byproduct.
Forest clearing - or
deforestation - and the
burning of solid waste,
wood, and wood
products are also sources
of atmospheric carbon
dioxide.
The troposphere is the lower part of the atmosphere, of about 10-15
kilometres thick. Within the troposphere there are gasses called
greenhouse gasses. When sunlight reaches the earth, some of it is
converted to heat. Greenhouse gasses absorb some of the heat and
trap it near the earth's surface, so that the earth is warmed up. This
process, commonly known as the greenhouse effect, has been
discovered many years ago and was later confirmed by means of
laboratory experiments and atmospheric measurements.
Life as we know it exists only because of this natural greenhouse effect,
because this process regulates the earth's temperature. When the
greenhouse effect would not exist, the whole earth would be covered in ice.
The amount of heat trapped in the troposphere determines the temperature
on earth. The amount of heat in the troposphere depends on concentrations
of atmospheric greenhouse gasses and the amount of time these gasses
remain in the atmosphere. The most important greenhouse gasses are
carbon dioxide, CFC's (Chlor-Fluoro-Carbons), nitrogen oxides and
methane.
Since the industrial revolution in 1850 began, human processes have
been causing emissions of greenhouse gasses, such as CFC's and carbon
dioxide. This has caused an environmental problem: the amounts of
greenhouse gasses grew so extensively, that the earth's climate is
changing because the temperatures are rising. This unnatural addition to
the greenhouse effect is known as global warming. It is suspected that
global warming may cause increases in storm activity, Melting of ice caps
on the poles, which will cause flooding of the inhabited continents, and
other environmental problems
Together with hydrogen, carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas. However,
hydrogen is not emitted during industrial processes. Humans do not contribute to
the hydrogen amount in the air, this is only changing naturally during the
hydrological cycle, and as a result it is not a cause of global warming.
Increasing carbon dioxide emissions cause about 50-60% of the global warming.
Carbon dioxide emissions have risen from 280 ppm in 1850 to 364 ppm in the
1990s.
In the previous paragraph various human
activities that contribute to the emission of
carbon dioxide gas have been mentioned. Of
these activities fossil fuel combustion for energy
generation causes about 70-75% of the carbon
dioxide emissions, being the main source of
carbon dioxide emissions. The remaining 2025% of the emissions are caused by land
clearing and burning and by emission from
motor vehicle exhausts.
Most carbon dioxide emissions derive from
industrial processes in developed countries, such
as in the United States and in Europe. However,
carbon dioxide emissions from developing
countries are rising. In this century, carbon
dioxide emissions are expected to double and
they are expected to continue to rise and cause
problems after that.
Carbon dioxide remains in the troposphere
about fifty up to two hundred years.
The first person who predicted that
emissions of carbon dioxide from
the burning of fossil fuels and other
burning processes would cause
global warming was Svante
Arrhenius, who published the
paper "On the influence of carbonic
acid in the air upon the
temperature of the ground" in
1896.
In the beginning of the 1930 it was
confirmed that atmospheric carbon
dioxide was actually increasing. In
the late 1950s when highly
accurate measurement techniques
were developed, even more
confirmation was found. By the
1990s, the global warming theory
was widely accepted, although not
by everyone. Whether global
warming is truly caused by
increasing carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, is still debated.
Rising carbon dioxide concentrations in
air in the past decades
Carbon dioxide is essential for internal
respiration in a human body. Internal
respiration is a process, by which oxygen is
transported to body tissues and carbon
dioxide is carried away from them.
Carbon dioxide is a guardian of the pH of
the blood, which is essential for survival.
The buffer system in which carbon dioxide
plays an important role is called the
carbonate buffer. It is made up of
bicarbonate ions and dissolved carbon
dioxide, with carbonic acid. The carbonic
acid can neutralize hydroxide ions, which
would increase the pH of the blood when
added. The bicarbonate ion can neutralize
hydrogen ions, which would cause a decrease
in the pH of the blood when added. Both
increasing and decreasing pH is life
threatening. Apart from being an essential
buffer in the human system, carbon dioxide is
also known to cause health effects when the
concentrations exceed a certain limit.
Asphyxiation:- Caused by the release of carbon dioxide in a confined or
unventilated area. This can lower the concentration of oxygen to a level that is
immediately dangerous for human health
Frostbite. Solid carbon dioxide is always
below -78 oC at regular atmospheric
pressure, regardless of the air
temperature. Handling this material for
more than a second or two without proper
protection can cause serious blisters, and
other unwanted effects. Carbon dioxide
gas released from a steel cylinder, such as
a fire extinguisher, causes similar effects
Kidney damage or coma. This is
caused by a disturbance in chemical
equilibrium of the carbonate buffer.
When carbon dioxide concentrations
increase or decrease, causing the
equilibrium to be disturbed, a life
threatening situation may occur
Carbon dioxide is a gas which harms humans and animals although it
makes plants survive since they use it for photosynthesis.
First of all Carbon Dioxide is created by burning fuels and also
mammals breathing out. To prevent it from increasing:
We have to use as much less electricity
as much as we can
We can plant
more trees to
decrease it.
Storing carbon dioxide below ground may prevent polluting
above - A new analysis led by an MIT scientist describes a
mechanism for capturing carbon dioxide emissions from a power
plant and injecting the gas into the ground, where it would be
trapped naturally as tiny bubbles and safely stored in briny
porous rock. This means that it may be possible for a power plant
to be built in an appropriate location and have all its carbon
dioxide emissions captured and injected underground throughout
the life of the power plant, and then safely stored over centuries
and even millennia. The carbon dioxide eventually will dissolve in
the brine and a fraction will adhere to the rock in the form of
minerals such as iron and magnesium carbonates.