Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Consorzio RFX

RFX-mod in the European fusion
programme:
priorities for 2009 and medium-term plans
Piero Martin & M.E. Puiatti
on behalf of the RFX-mod team
Consorzio RFX- Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla fusione, Padova, Italy
RFX-mod 2009 programme seminar, Padova, January 20-22, 2009
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Welcome to a live facility!
2008: rich of excellent results, which
– met the goals of the program,
– dramatically advanced our knowledge of RFP,
– gave a brighter and clearer vision on its future,
– and are having a significant impact on the broader fusion community.
We can build on that !
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Info on the workshop
Margherita Basso, Federica Bonomo, Elisa Carlini and Alessandro Fassina:
– workshop organizers
Enrico Scek Osman and Paolo Barbato:
– Computer & videoconference support
Agenda is tight: please be on time with your talks, so we can have enough time for
discussion
– Informal meeting, feel free to ask whatever you want (more or less…)
Group picture this morning @coffee break (next to RFX, follow the crowd)
Lunch at the RFX cantine (guests ask for ticket to Margherita)
Dinner tonight (we leave from here)
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
RFX timeline
1991 - 1999
RFX operation
2000 - 2004
Shut-down and upgrade
2005 - now
RFX-mod
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
The fusion-oriented RFX mission
1.
understanding the RFP physics and optimizing confinement to
assess the configuration reactor’s potentials
2.
Providing state-of-the-art facilities for developing active
control of MHD stability in fusion devices and in ITER in
particular
3.
contributing to the understanding of fusion science, in
particular:
– to test tokamak physics at the extreme of low field
– to improve predictive capabilities for the “numerical tokamak”
– to study analogies and synergies with the stellarator
2009 IAEA
2008
RFX-mod
Fusion
programme
Energy Conference,
workshop, Padova,
Geneva 20-22
- P. Martin
January, 2009 - P. Martin
Accomplishing the goal, supporting the missions
Since its restart at the end of 2004, RFX-mod has continuously progressed towards its
goals, in particular in:
– Performance extension and understanding of RFP physics,
– reliability of plasma operation,
– ability of addressing key topics in MHD stability feedback control and
– integration with the international fusion programme
– ability of building an efficient and agreed programme
Guidelines for the RFX-mod programme are the seven missions identified in the EFDA
work-programme and endorsed by the EU commission facility review panel
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
A positive 2008 !
A new regime (Single Helical Axis), discovered at I>1 MA,
provides a substantial improvement in confinement and robust
core electron transport barriers.
Active MHD mode control has contributed to the
improvement of RFX performance and to the tokamak effort:
– Induced rotation of RWM’s
– Benchmark of ITER codes
– Advanced control modelling, in particular for multimode cases
Broad and supportive recognition of RFX-mod science and technology, both at
European and international level
– Increasing collaborations with tokamak and stellarator communities (both ways)
– Excellent visibility at international conferences (EPS, APS, IAEA)
– Increasing confidence in RFX-mod as a key player in the EU fusion program
Increasing effort on education (with very positive response!)
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
RFX-mod: new physics at 1.5 MA
upgraded MHD active control: 2008
with MHD active control: 2006
no MHD active contro 2004l
(s)
A new regime is discovered,
where the plasma spontaneously self-organizes in a single-axis helical state,
with strongly improved core confinement.
2009 IAEA
2008
RFX-mod
Fusion
programme
Energy Conference,
workshop, Padova,
Geneva 20-22
- P. Martin
January, 2009 - P. Martin
A new boundary condition
R&D Needs and Required Facilities for the Development of
Fusion as an Energy Source
Report of the Fusion Facilities Review Panel
October 2008
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
The time-line of the facility review
It is conceivable and reasonable that within 5 years we are in a position of making a
statement on the RFP confinement at high current and on its perspectives, i.e. to
“complete” the mission of the present device.
This is accompanied with the complementary effort in MST (current drive, advanced
regimes, diagnostics….), and with the programs of T2R and RELAX
The time frame of the facility review report gives time to design a strategy based on
the results of the present RFX-mod
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
From the facility review report:
These ITER and DEMO priorities must be complemented by
Pursuing innovation for:
– Improving theoretical understanding based on first-principles;
– Developing novel solutions in physics and technology and unifying
experimental and theoretical knowledge from different confinement
schemes;
– Extending fusion physics and technology, and the relevant data bases.
– New ideas from science driven R&D, access to professional and
academic excellence in the fusion disciplines and adjacent fields and
intensive links to universities will be vital for optimal progress in the longterm development of fusion energy.
Maintaining and renewing the staffing basis of the Programme
– The training of young scientists and engineers is a particularly important
task for the long-term future of the programme.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
From the facility review report
While recommending for the core projects a clear top-down R&D
planning, the Panel is aware that the overall research field is still too
wide to rely exclusively on such an approach.
As a complementary part of the programme, there must be an effort of
sufficient weight to explore more tentative perspectives for innovations
and improvements in areas where R&D options are still too open for
exclusively pursuing target-oriented top-down approaches.
Unifying the knowledge from the experimental and theoretical work on
different confinement schemes (in particular the Tokamak and the
Stellarator, but also others such as the Spherical Tokamak and the
RFP) will be an interesting area for the exploration of possible
innovative concept improvements.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
An integrated facilities road-map
“The Reversed Field Pinch RFX is contributing with results in
otherwise inaccessible parameter ranges and there is, for the next
years, scope and interest for these studies.”
“Research on RFX is contributing to the understanding of a range of
physics features in toroidal plasmas.”
– Mission 2, Reliable Tokamak Operation: “On RFX specific studies for the active
MHD and plasma wall control can be undertaken.”
– Mission 4, Physics and technology of long pulse and steady state: “RFX can offer
a contribution to the physics and control of resistive wall modes and to feedback
systems”
– Mission 5, Predicting Fusion performance: “An intensive activity in theoretical work
and numerical modelling must interact with comprehensive experimental studies in a
wide parameter range in order to validate the capability of codes to predict fusion.
Capabilities exist experimentally in particular by the step-ladder facilities COMPASS ASDEX-UG (and DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod) JET (and JT-60U) and by devices which can
access different shapes and features, in particular MAST, TCV, the circular
Tokamaks TORE SUPRA, FTU, TEXTOR and the Reversed Field Pinches RFX (and
EXTRAP) as well as the Stellarator TJ-II.”
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Challenges and options
Unless something dramatically changes, it is likely that a healthy fusion
programme needs a portfolio of devices and concepts, and a strong science
effort (see report).
The case for RFP as a fusion device to support the international program in the
ITER era is still well open, and we need to work strongly to defend it
Completing the mission does not mean that, while we are doing it, we do not think to
an extended and more ambitious one, of course always taking into account
scientific results
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
A strong momentum with interesting times
VERY POSITIVE SCIENTIFIC
OUTCOME FROM RFX
ENTHUSIASTIC PARTICIPATION IN THE
SCIENTIFIC (both physics AND engineering)
PROGRAMME
THE INTERNATIONAL FUSION PROGRAMME IS
UNDERGOING A VERY PROFOUND AND
DYNAMIC CHANGE
CHALLENGES and
OPPORTUNITIES
WELL DEFINED OBJECTIVES FOR RFX IN THE ITER ERA
Explore confinement, MHD control, fusion physics, contribute to fusion performance prediction,
education, maintenance of a strong and motivated experimental team for future projects
A vision for a strong sci & tech program is required
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Project work, innovation and scientific excellence
fostered in the report
The broader scientific and technological R&D for ITER and DEMO in
the associated laboratories including the joint exploitation of JET is
undertaken under EFDA by pan-European (and international) task
forces and topical groups*.
(*) Also on ASDEX-Upgrade, RFX and other facilities the programmes
for forthcoming periods of exploitation are set up, by international calls
for proposals with the criterion of optimally serving the established R&D
objectives. Subsequently they are executed by corresponding
international task forces.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Guidelines for the 2009 programme
Supported by the success of the first 2008 attempt, also for 2009 the details of the experimental
work-programme will be defined on the basis of a public call for proposals.
This has been open to EU and international laboratories and universities, with the aim of opening
even more the RFX-mod facility to the community use. The call for proposal has been launched in
early December, together with the new Task Force Structure.
128 proposals
8 external institutions making proposals (3 EU, 2 JP, 3 USA)
451 experimental days requested (vs. ≈ 120-130 “good run days” expected)
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
2008 task force structure
TWO TASK FORCE LEADERS FROM EXTERNAL LABS:
ENEA Frascati and University of Wisconsin, Madison
RFP performance: high
current operation and
advanced scenarios
Carraro, Sarff
MHD and active control
of instabilities
Buratti, Zanca
SOME TIMES
ORGANIZING THE
EXPERIMENT WAS
HARDER THAT
RUNNING IT….
Databases and scaling
laws
Pasqualotto
Density control and
plasma-wall interaction
Cavazzana, Dal Bello
VERY GOOD JOB,Optimization of RFX-mod
>120 exp. proposals for
Particle, momentum
discharges: RFP, tokamak
THANK
YOU
VERY
MUCH
!
2008, also from external
and non-standard
and energy transport
Spolaore
laboratories
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
plasmas
Bolzonella, Zanotto
2009 task force structure
RFP performance: high
current operation and
advanced scenarios
Particle, momentum
and energy transport
MHD and active control
of stability
Magnetic and fuelling
optimization
PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT TEAM
DATA VALIDATION AND SCALING TEAM
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
2009 task force structure
RFP performance: high current operation and advanced scenarios
» Rita Lorenzini, Francesco Milani
MHD and active control of instabilities
» Giuseppe Marchiori, David Terranova
Particle, momentum and energy transport
» Gianluca Spizzo, Nicola Vianello
Magnetic and fuelling optimization
» Roberto Cavazzana
Program implementation support team
» Samuele Dal Bello, Loris Zanotto
Data validation and scaling team
» Paolo Franz, Monica Spolaore
MST “ambassador”
» Brett Chapman
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
High current operation: optimization towards 2 MA
The 2007 and 2008 experience shows that a careful optimization of the scenario,
including MHD active control, is an essential ingredient for the success of the high
current operation.
2008 was mainly dedicated to exploration of 1.5 MA, mainly driven by the new results
and by the IAEA deadline
During 2009 the work on the high current operation will proceed along two
synergistic main projects:
– optimization of the 1.5 MA scenario
– initial exploration of the current regime between 1.5 and 2 MA, where the optimization
and the scenarios developed for point 1) will be used.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
2 steps strategy
This 2-steps strategy acknowledges that the route towards the nominal target current of
RFX-mod, 2 MA, has to be followed:
– preserving machine safety,
– Improving the diagnostic portfolio (Ti, B over all)
– making each additional step ahead in current based on a well-optimized discharge, and
– allowing for an adequate amount of time for physics and technology exploration at
intermediate current (e.g., the very successful RWM and turbulence experiments are
normally conducted at lower currents).
This guarantees that 2 MA will be reached in the safest and most performanceeffective way.
Within this framework, we expect that the achievement of a baseline 2 MA
plasma, ready for full exploitation of confinement, will be an integrated
goal of both the 2009 and 2010 experimental campaigns.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Density control
Goal: sustainment of the high-confinement helical configuration at
high density.
The strategy proposed to solve the problem consists in two steps, one
short-term and one medium-term.
– The first one (short term), on a short term, is based on the use of
pellets to fuel the plasma core and on a series of experiments for
optimizing the pre-loading of the wall.
– A second project (medium term) concerns first wall lithization, to
reduce recycling
• Initially Li pellets will be injected into the plasma, and subsequently a Liquid
Lithium Limiter will be installed for a more uniform coverage. Collaboration in this
field has been established with the ENEA laboratories in Frascati, as the technique
has been already successfully applied to FTU (Mazzitelli, tomorrow).
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Key science topics (more in the TF sessions)
Transport (helical)
Equilibrium and stability (helical)
Turbulence
Current Drive
Preparation for the power beam injector installation (on loan from AIST)
Collaborations and synergies with other RFP, tokamaks and stellarator
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
MHD active control, with significant external
collaborations
A significant fraction of the experimental programme will be devoted to experiments on active
feedback control of MHD stability. This program will build upon the fact that a thick shell is no
longer necessary for the RFP.
The experiments will aim at optimizing existing techniques and developing new ones for the control
of
– resistive wall modes (RWM) and
– tearing modes.
The RFX-mod coil system will also be used for projects at the forefront of MHD active stability
worldwide programme and co-ordinated with the EFDA workprogramme (e.g. ITER code
benchmarking, studies on mode non-rigidity and on the effect of partial coil coverage, mode locking
and un-locking studies, study on non-resonant perturbations).
Moreover, an intense activity on control engineering will be realized, to develop new control
algorithms and tools, which will be tested in RFX-mod.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
6 sessions
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Some of us are facing big challenges…
We look forward of seeing you soon back !
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
The end
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Developments on feedback control in low-rotation plasmas
The MHD feedback control system can be on purpose “downgraded” both in power and
number of coils, to study tokamak-relevant problems
– The effect of reduced available power
– Effects of mode non-rigidity with a reduced set of coils
– Interaction between RWMs and Tearing Modes (TM)
2009 IAEA
2008
RFX-mod
Fusion
programme
Energy Conference,
workshop, Padova,
Geneva 20-22
- P. Martin
January, 2009 - P. Martin
Developments on feedback control in low-rotation plasmas
The MHD feedback control system can be on purpose “downgraded” both in power and
number of coils, to study tokamak-relevant problems
– The effect of reduced available power
– Effects of mode non-rigidity with a reduced set of coils
– Interaction between RWMs and Tearing Modes (TM)
2009 IAEA
2008
RFX-mod
Fusion
programme
Energy Conference,
workshop, Padova,
Geneva 20-22
- P. Martin
January, 2009 - P. Martin
Interesting times
RFX-mod is producing very good results, with reliable operation and strong integration of the various components of the
team
The case for fusion relevance is now fully open
RFX team might be a world leader in MHD control
We are giving key contributions in collaboration with tokamak
We are publishing good papers
There is interest and resonance in the international community
This is true because we are a well-identified team based on RFX, even when we work outside.
Synergy counts.
There is an extra-value in being a team, for now AND for the future, for physicists and engineers
Like on a bike: to avoiding falling down we need to run… …together !
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ - Frascati (FTU)ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ - DIIIDﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ EXTRAP-T2Rﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ - RELAXﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ - MSTﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ASDEXﾊ ﾊ ﾊ ﾊ - PPPL
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
Advanced RWM control and mode un-locking
Active rotation of non-resonant wall-locked RWM is induced by applying
complex gains (keeping the mode at the desired constant amplitude)
RWM amplitude
RWM phase
Bolzonella, Igochine et al, PRL 08
2009 IAEA
2008
RFX-mod
Fusion
programme
Energy Conference,
workshop, Padova,
Geneva 20-22
- P. Martin
January, 2009 - P. Martin
From the facility review report
The dedicated ITER and DEMO oriented work should therefore be
complemented by innovative R&D aimed at opening new options and
improving present modelling by improving the theoretical understanding
based on first principles, developing novel solutions in physics and
technology and extending fusion physics and technology knowledge and
the relevant data bases.
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin
The international fusion programme is undergoing a very profound and dynamic change, mainly driven by ITER.
We have to play this game: better we do it as best as we can.
A success of RFX is a necessary condition for the survival and development of a plasma physics and
engineering group in Padova with its own identity and the goal of becoming a main actor in the next
generation of fusion devices (ITER, FAST, …)
A vision for a strong sci & tech program required
– Exploitation of RFX-mod
– Innovation and creativity to enhance our contribution to tokamak main stream
– Focussing on leading topics, both for RFX and collaborations:
• Building a Consensus & implementing the decisions
– Start NOW to build the future
2009 RFX-mod programme workshop, Padova, 20-22 January, 2009 - P. Martin