Transcript Strategic Planning and Perspectives in Promoting ICT

Strategic Planning and Perspectives
in Promoting ICT-based Higher Education in Japan
International Seminar
on
Public Policies for New Technologies in Higher Education
Ministry of Education, Columbia
4-5 August, 2005
Toshio KOBAYASHI
National Institute of Multimedia Education (NIME)
http://www.nime.ac.jp/
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Overview of Historical Movements:
Modernization Process in Japan
Re-modernization
Post-industrialization
Re-construction
Internationalization
Modernization
Westernization
Re-industrialization
Digitization
Post-Industrial
Society
Industrial Society
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Globalization
Americanization
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Localization
Information Society
2
New Initiatives for Higher Education
by Innovative Technologies in Japan
• Stressed the urgent need for higher
education to respond to societal and
global changes
• Emphasized the need to match world's
best practice and to use multimedia and
flexible learning to expand and reform
higher education
• Urged to provide more opportunities for
life-long learning
• Made recommendations regarding the
hardware infrastructure and learning
environments needed for such changes
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Japan’s IT policy Formulation
IT Strategic Headquarters –
Comprehensive by all of gov’t body
Cabinet
IT Strategic Headquarters
（Headed by the Prime Minister）
All other ministries,
agencies & experts
MEXT
Ministry of
METI Public
Management
*MEXT=Ministry of Education, Science, Sports , Culture and Technology
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MEXT Organizations related to e-Learning
Main Mission
Minister’s Secretariat
Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau
Elementary & Secondary Education Bureau
MEXT
Higher Education Bureau
Responding to IT Strategy HQ, collation in MEXT etc.
Promotion of e-Learning in elementary & secondary education
Promotion of e-Learning in higher education
Science & Technology Policy Bureau
Research Promotion Bureau
Promotion of IT science & technology etc.
Research & Development Bureau
Sports & Youth Bureau
Agency for Cultural Affairs
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Copyright etc.
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e-Japan StrategyⅡ（July ２００３）
Objectives
• To improve the international competitiveness of
Japan’s human resources within the international
labor market by expanding the various available
learning options to enhance the abilities of workforce.
• To increase the number of university and graduate
courses available through distance learning via ICT
by FY2005 to approximately three times that of what
it was in FY 2001.
• To internationally deploy Japanese universities
by the Use of ICT
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Measures for Promoting e-Leaning
• Making Internet delivery an option for taking
classes.
• Making it possible for all credits required for
graduation (124 or more credits) to be taken by
distance mode.
• Making those who have graduated from an
overseas university by distance mode eligible to
enter Japanese graduate schools.
• Easing the standards for teaching facilities in
those universities / graduate schools delivering
courses solely via the Internet.
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Number of Higher Education Institutions
in Japan
Categories
National
Public
Private
Total
Institutions
Universities with
Graduate Schools
Junior colleges
Colleges of technology
Professional training colleges
87
(12.3)
87
(16.0)
76
(10.9)
66
(12.1)
544
(76.8)
392
(71.9)
708
(100.0)
545
(100.0)
12
(2.4)
45
(8.9)
451
(88.8)
508
(100.0)
55
(87.3)
5
(7.9)
3
(4.8)
63
(100.0)
15
(0.5)
193
(6.5)
2,756
(93.0)
2,964
(100.0)
Note: as of May, 1, 2004.
Source: Ministry of Education, School Basis Survey.
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Number of University Students
in Japan
National
Public
Private
Total
Universitie
s
459,500
(18.3)
105,176
(4.2)
1,941,274
(77.5)
2,505,950
(100.0)
Graduate
School
s
146,914
(60.2)
13,575
(5.6)
83,537
(34.2)
224,026
(100.0)
Note and Source: The same .
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Courses offered through Internet
(NIME Survey 2003)
4 year Universities
2 year
Colleges
Technical
Colleges
%
Natio
nal
Public
Private
Offered
3.8
0
4.9
2.0
1.7
Planning
7.3
4.5
5.0
4.0
10.2
*Part of the courses offered through Internet
4 year Universities
%
National
Public
Private
2 year
Colleges
Offered
18.4
6.2
16.9
7.7
11.9
Planning
26.4
9.2
22.5
14.4
59.3
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Technical
Colleges
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Online Education via Internet
National Univ. 2000
20.4
31.8
11.4
National Univ. 2003
43.2
Local Public Univ. 2000
14.0
Local Public Univ. 2003
10.5
16.7
71.6
28.4
24.5
35.5
18.3
use
plan to use
Private Univ. 2000
16.1
Private Univ. 2003
29.6
33.5
0
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13.5
10
58.7
25.2
20
30
40
50
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60
70
80
90
100
%
11
O nline Education via Satellite
National Univ. 2000
40.8
National Univ. 2003
40.7
Local Public Univ. 2000
Private Univ. 2000
3.3
1.7
Local Public Univ. 2003
12.8
64.2
13.4
51.5
10.8
12.8
5.0
7.6
13.2
20.8
use
plan to use
Private Univ. 2003
4.0
0
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8.8
10
12.8
20
30
40
50
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60
70
80
90
100
%
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Strategies for Promoting e-Learning
in Higher Education
MEXT（Policy）
(Strategy1)
（Strategy2）
１．Incentives (e.g. funding)
２．Mission
Survey/ Suggestion
NIME （Supporter）
University (Player)
１．Player：
１．Support：
Subject of promotion of e-Learning
Technical support for universities, etc.
２．Survey： research on e-Learning
２． Variety：
３. Promotion：
Unique initiatives at each university
３． Competition：
Dissemination of information on
e-Learning
Between universities
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Current Status of e-Learning in
Higher Education in Japan
（１）Implementation of e-Learning
ａ）By institution
Colleges and Schools
University
Junior College
Implementation of e-Learning
Increase
１，００４
１６６
１６．５％
２９９
２３
７．７％
Implementation of e-Learning
Increase
ｂ）By department
Colleges and Schools
Humanities
１８９
２９
１５．３％
Social Sciences
２９２
５８
１９．９％
Sciences
１８６
４０
２１．５％
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（ＮＩＭＥ「National Survey on ICT Use in Higher Education Institutions in Japan」（January,2004）
Current Status of e-Learning in
Higher Education (2)
（２）Accreditation of e-Learning courses
Colleges and Schools
University
Junior College
Implementation of e-Learning
Increase
１，００６
４３
４．３％
３００
６
２．０％
（ＮＩＭＥ”National Survey on ICT Use in Higher Education Institutions in Japan”（January, 2004）
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Trend of the 18-Year-Old Population
%
60
million
2.50
2.00
2.01
Percentage of students proceeding to
universities
2.04 2.05
1.98
50
1.86
1.77
1.73
1.68
1.62
1.55
1.50
High school
graduates
1.51 1.51 1.50
40
1.46
1.41
1.37
1.33
18-year-old population
1.30
1.24
1.21
1.20 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.21
1.17
1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.23
1.22 1.21 1.20
1.21 1.21 1.22 1.23
1.19 1.17 1.19
30
1.00
20
0.50
10
0.00
0
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030 year
Note: as of May, 1, 2004.
Source: Ministry of Education, School Basis Survey.
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Trends in Higher Education
• Flexible or distributed and e-Learning
• Open Universities no longer sole institution to
provide distance teaching and learning
• Duel and mixed mode introduced further into
traditional universities
• Flexible learning - strategic and
administrative policy to acquiring more
students enrolment and revenue
• Establishing FD programs and on-campus
support system
• Building global partnerships in interuniversity and between academic institutions
and Private industry
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Restructure of Higher education System
in Japan (as of April 2004)
All of the national higher education institutions
(universities and inter-university research
organizations) have been restructured to be
independent administrative institution to bring
about more flexible research activities and
personnel system
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Moving towards Incorporating National
Universities
After the Incorporation
Before the Incorporation
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in April 2004
A mere institution
attached to the
Ministry of Education
An independent body
of incorporation
Under the full control
of government
Increased autonomy and
responsibility in
university administration
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Informatization of Higher Education
Innovative Networking Technologies
• Space Collaboration System (SCS)
• Medical Information Networks (MINCS)
• Use of Broadcasting Media - University of
the Air (UAJ), University of East Asia (UAE)
• el-Net System (Lifelong Learning)
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Space Collaboration System (SCS)
Inter-university Learning Network System by Satellite
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Space Collaboration System (SCS)
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1. SCS
SCS Operation
Inter-University Learning Network
Using Satellite
•
JCSAT-3
CONT
HUB
NIME
1.5Mbps
VSAT
UNIVERSITIES
VSAT
UNIVERSITIES
HUB; Control station, VSAT; Very Sm all Aparture Term inal
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Location of SCS Participating Institutions
NIME (Hub)
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Space Collaboration System (SCS)
2002 Utilization of SCS
Internal Notice over
SCS 1%
Others
10%
Training Sessions
2%
Conferences
4%
Study Sessions
13%
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Classes
57%
Lectures
13%
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SCS (Space Collaboration System)
Connection to the International Space Station
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Space Lecture by SCS-ISS
Outline of the Connection
For the “ISS-SCS Space Lecture”
TDRS
ISS
Video
GE-2
Audio
JCSAT-3
PAS-2
Video
Audio
NASA
Teleport
SCS
NIME
Teleport
Houston, Texas
Chiba, Japan
A
V
Bldg 8 TV
Operation Center
Participating Schools
（114 Universities）
NAPA
Teleport
Napa, California
Pacific Ocean
NASA-TV
Production Center
Coordination Line
DECORDER
HYB
HYB
HYB
Bldg 2
NASA　JSC
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HYB
Telephone Line for Crew Voice　(Primary)
Telephone Line for Crew Voice　(Buck-up)
Telephone Line for N-1 (Primary)
Telephone Line for N-1　(Buck-up)
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HYB
DL
HYB
DL
Video
SW
Audio
Mixer
HYB
HYB
Production
Ctr NIME
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Medical Information Network
by Communications Satellite
for University Hospitals (MINCS-UH)
1) The first state-of-the-art digital high
definition television broadcasting system
in the world
2) Bi-directional communications
3) Security protection using digital cipher
4) Can be operated by university staff
Satellit
e
Lecture,
etc.
Lecture/Audience
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Question,
etc.
Audience
Audience
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Audience
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Hokkaido Information University
PINE-NET
ISDN
PINE-NET
Promoting Information Network for Education System
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The “el-Net System”
Communications Satellite:
Superbird B
HUB
server
National Education Center
(Headquarters;
Formal Education Training Center;
Non-Formal Education Training
Center)
server
Monbusho
(Ministry of Education,
Science, Sports & Culture);
National Science Museum;
National Youth Center
Prefectural
Education Centers
(20)
Prefectural Lifelong
Learning Centers (21)
Libraries;
Community
Learning Centers
(974)
Schools
(119)
Terrestrial Network
★ The “el” stands for “educational and learning”
★ Receiving sites are now over 2,000.
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Strategy for Promotion of e-Leaning
１．Incentives for Universities
２．Support by NIME
１．Reorganized into Independent Administrative
１．Competitive Funding (FY 2004~)
Institution (FY 2004~)
In subsidies (Grants Programs (GP) for
Contemporary Educational Needs
Initiatives)
(1) Legal reform from Inter-University Research
◎ＧＰ６ Creation of “Practical Distance
Education (e-Learning) using IT” (FY
2004~)
support for unique, pioneering
e-Learning initiatives
◎108 universities applied
→15 selected
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①
Institute Corporation
Mission-oriented
(Clear national mission)
② Efficient management using private
enterprise-style operations
（２）e-Learning Mission
① Support for building Japanese-style e-Learning
② Links with domestic universities
③ International links
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A Brief Overview of NIME
• Founded in 1978 as a supportive research
institution to research and develop course
materials for the Univ. of the Air (founded in
1983)
• Reorganized in 1997 as a core interuniversity research organization to promote
the use of multimedia technologies for higher
education
• Restructured in 2004 as an Independent
Administrative Institution to continue
providing services to higher education
institutions in Japan by the use of ICTs
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Research and Development
• Multimedia Environment
• Digital Learning Resources
• Multimedia Application
• Survey and International
Research
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Graduate Programs
• Became a member institution of the
Graduate University for Advanced Studies
• Dept. of Cyber Culture and Society
established in NIME and started offering
doctorate programs in 2001
• Accept research students from other
institutions for collaboration
• Support affiliated graduate schools
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International Collaborative Activities
• Formal Collaborative Agreements concluded
Currently with institutions in US, UK, Canada, Austria, Brazil, Thailand,
Korea and Romania
• Collaborative Research Activities
Based on the collaborative agreements and through personal contacts
• Faculty Exchange
Accept visiting foreign researchers from and send NIME faculty to major
higher education institutions all around the world
• International Conferences
Host annually international symposium, forums and workshops
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NIME Mission since Reorganization in 2004
To continue contributing to the advancement of higher education by
conducting research and development into educational methodologies
and contents for advanced media, the results of which are adopted by
universities, junior colleges, and technical colleges.
Inter-University Research Institute Corporation
Independent Administrative Institution
Effective, efficient implementation of the
tasks society considers necessary
Engage in academic research and
Provide support for universities
Mutually independent
Promotion of national policies
Long-term academic research
Short-term, strategic operations
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The Role and Mission expected of NIME
Specific Mission
① Support for the building of Japanese-style e-Learning
② Links with domestic universities
③ International Links
Specific Initiatives
① Construction of the NIME-GLAD (Gateway for
Learning and Ability Development) System
② Int’l inks such as through GLOBE
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NIME Activities in Promoting e-Learning
1. Surveys & research on e-Learning
・ including surveys on IT use in higher education
institutions in Japan and overseas
2. Support for university e-Learning activities
・ promotion of R&D on and dissemination of educational
content
・ Building of NIME-GLAD (Gateway to Learning & Ability
Development) system
3. Support for national policies
・ including surveys / analysis and reporting of results,
provide expertise to support and promote e-Learning
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NIME-GLAD
Comprehensive Higher Education Site
Gateway for Learning and Ability Development
〔System〕
〔Information Provided〕
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New LOM (Learning Object
Metadata) search function
student registration / certification
system
learning management (setting
learning goals / managing academic
records) function
e-mail notices function
conversion service to cell phone
online payments function
management of academic results /
course accreditation
self-check of professional ability
system of links to NICER
other
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•
•
•
•
•
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e-Learning courses at universities, etc
learning content at universities, etc
academic lectures at universities, etc
public seminars at universities, etc
(lifelong learning)
information on university syllabi
NIME online educational materials
Information on copyright for educators
Information on learning support
Information on searching for
elementary to lifelong education
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Universities/Learners in Overseas
Preparatory Education before
studying abroad
学習に
使える写
真集
Educational Contents
Providers
Follow-up after returning
Contents Automatic Classification
Learning
Assistance
LOM
LOM
LOM
NIME-Glad
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
Exchange each other
Lower
Secondary
School
Upper
Secondary
School
NIER
International Standard for
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
NICER
MEXT
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
LOM
Regional Information
Centers
LOM
LOM
LOM
e-Learning Courses・Learning Contents
Class syllabi and public Seminars
Conversion system
for Cell Phone
Contents
LOM
LOM
LOM
National
College of
Technology
Lifelong Learning
Centers
Help desk
Enable to search all the learning
information through metadata
Contents
Cell Phone
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Learners
University
of the Air
40
Universities
© NIME 2004
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Matters for discussion by GLOBE
• Planning for the joint ownership of searchable
information about educational content.
• Providing a service where users can perform
searches for required information across the
globe.
• Summarizing the needs of each region and
promoting the joint ownership of various
services, including the reciprocal use of
educational / learning support tools.
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Issues facing Higher Education
in the 21st Century
• To counter overseas providers (English-based)
aiming to infiltrate into education markets
elsewhere
• To provide learning materials based on your own
culture rather than depending upon sources
deriving abroad
• To overcome Culture and Language issues
• To maintain “Quality Control” of the learning
resources provided
• To preserve and protect your own Cultural Identity
• To pursue “Principle in education”
• To avoid “Educational Imperialism”
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Muchas Gracias!
Arigato!
Thanks!
Toshio Kobayashi, Professor
National Institute of Multimedia Education (NIME)
e-Mail: [email protected]
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