Transcript Computers 101 - Birdville High School

Technology 101
Basic Computer Operations
“There are 10 kinds of people in this world, those who
understand binary and those who don’t.”
What is a Computer?
dictionary:
 Computer - A device
that computes,
especially a
programmable
electronic machine
that performs highspeed mathematical
or logical operations
or that assembles,
stores, correlates, or
otherwise processes
information.
What is a Computer?
translation:
 Computer - A
device that returns
different information
than what was put
into it.
Antikythera mechanism
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
The CPU and You
What We Will Cover




Become familiar with Input/Output ports.
Learn the basic internal parts of a computer.
Monitor functions
Peripheral devices – printers, scanners, flash
drives, etc.
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Plugs, Wires, and Blinky Lights
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Power Plug – Back of power
supply
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Audio Plugs -
Blue – Audio In
Green – Audio Out (Speakers, Headphones)
Pink - Microphone
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Network
port
Network
Cable
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Network
LED lights
When the network cable is plugged in you will
see two lights on the network port, One solid (link
light) and one blinking (transfer light). If you don’t
see lights, you don’t have a connection.
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Ports
Samples of USB Cables
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
PS/2 Ports - Green – Mouse
Purple - Keyboard
PS/2 Plug
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Parallel Port
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
Serial Port
Basic Input/Output Port Layout
VGA (Video) Ports
VGA (Video) Cables
Dissecting Your Computer
The GUTS
Motherboard
The main circuit board in a computer that
connects all other devices.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A silicon chip that is responsible for all the
computations in a computer. The “brain” of a
computer.
Heat Sink w/ Fan
Speed measured in hertz, as in Megahertz (MHz)
or Gigahertz (GHz)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Increases computational speed by allowing data
to be accessed in any order.
Hard Drive
A non-volatile (permanent) storage device that
uses magnetic plates to store data.
Inside a Hard Drive
The Monitor
Adjust
Your
World
Printers, Scanners, and Other
Things With Plugs
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Network/Security
Input/Output Ports
Logging In
Internal Hardware
Locking the Workstation
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
Logging In
In Action
Server
Username: HubaN
Password: ********
H:\
Workstation
H:\
C:\Desktop
HarrisS
YoungR
HubaN
H:\
LeeJD
HubaN
GarciaK
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
Windows
Because “Welcome to Files” Didn’t Have the Right Ring to It.
A Brief Detour on Mousing
Left Click (Click) – refers to pressing and releasing the left
mouse button. This command is used to select files and icons
and move cursors. Since this is the most common button
used, it is often referred to as just “Click” or “Clicking.”
Double Click (Click-Click) - refers to pressing and
releasing the left mouse button twice in rapid succession.
This command is often used to open folders and documents
and to run programs.
Right Click - refers to pressing and releasing the right
mouse button. This command is often used to bring up a list
of frequently used commands within a given program or to
display the properties of a selected item.
A Brief Detour on Mousing
Click and Drag - refers to pressing and holding the left
mouse button and then moving the mouse. This command is
most often used to move icons or files around or to help
select multiple files or icons.
Scroll – the process of displaying more information in a
window by moving the contents of the window up and down.
This can be achieved by either using the scroll wheel on the
mouse or using the “scroll bar” on the selected window.
Mouse Over – the process in which the mouse cursor is
moved over an item, such as a button or icon, and held in
place for a brief moment to display identifying information
about the item.
A Brief Detour on Mousing
Things You Double Click:
• Shortcuts
• Folders
• Documents
Things You Click Once:
• Buttons
• Hyperlinks
• Menu Selections
• Checkboxes
• Radio Buttons
A Brief Detour on Mousing
Joining the Right Click
The Right Click menu is a very powerful and versatile tool.
Right clicking displays several options of what you can do
with whatever you Right Clicked on. The most common are:
• Cut
• Copy
• Paste
• Create Shortcut
• Delete
• Rename
• Properties
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
The Desktop
Your Vertical . . . Well, Desktop.
The Desktop
You’re Vertical . . . Well, Desktop.
Desktop
Icons
Task Bar
Start Button
Quick Launch
System Tray
The Desktop
Icons, Shortcuts, and Buttons
Icon – a graphical representation of a file
Button – a one click icon that performs a
predefined function.
The Desktop
Quick Launch Bar
The Quick Launch bar is simply a row of shortcuts that have
been turned into buttons.
To create a Quick Launch button just drag a shortcut from the
desktop to the Quick Launch bar.
The Desktop
Quick Launch Bar
This icon is quite possibly the most useful button on the Quick
Launch Bar. It’s the “Show Desktop” icon. It will minimize
EVERYTHING open and display the desktop. Very useful when
you have several windows open at once. (Windows Logo Key +
“M” does the same thing.)
The Desktop
System Tray
The System Tray (also called Sys Tray) is a row of icons that
shows the “background” programs that are running on the
computer. Often these programs startup automatically as soon
as the computer is turned on. These programs include antivirus and management programs.
The Desktop
Task Bar
The Task Bar displays all the open windows and programs
started by the user. It is used to help switch between several
programs easily.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Clicking on the Start button will bring up
the Start Menu. The Start Menu has
several options in it and many more can be
added. However, we will only go over a few
of those options.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Programs – This option will display a list of
all the programs installed on the computer
and gives the user the ability to run the
program from that list.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Settings – This option contains a few
options the most important being “Printers
and Faxes” which helps you manage the
printers installed on the computer.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Search – This allows the user to search
through a single folder or the entire
computer for a specific file or files.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Help and Support – This is a database of
frequently asked questions that a user can
search through if they want to know how to
do something on the computer.
The Desktop
Start Menu
Shut Down – Displays these options:
• Shutdown – Logs the User out and
powers down the computer.
• Restart – Logs the User out and reboots
the computer.
• Log off “username” – Logs the User out
and returns the computer to the main log
in window.
The Desktop
Important Icons
The Desktop
Important Icons
Internet Explorer –
Program used to connect to and
browse the internet.
The Desktop
Important Icons
Recycle Bin –
When a file is “deleted” it goes
to the Recycle Bin. The file can
be retrieved later if the user has
changed their minds. To
permanently delete the files the
user must “Empty” the Recycle
Bin.
NOTE: This is true for LOCAL FILES ONLY! If the file is deleted from
a network location it will NOT go to the Recycle Bin and, therefore,
cannot be retrieved later.
The Desktop
Important Icons
My Documents –
A location unique to each user
that uses the computer that
stores all of that user’s
documents and keeps them
secure.
The Desktop
Important Icons
My Computer –
The gateway into the
computer’s file system.
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
Display Properties
When Squinting Just isn’t Good Enough
Right Clicking on any empty desktop space will bring up the
Right Click Menu and at the very bottom is the option,
“Properties”. Clicking on this option brings up the Display
Properties window which looks like . . .
Display Properties
When Squinting Just isn’t Good Enough
. . . This.
Display Properties
When Squinting Just isn’t Good Enough
The Screen Resolution slider
bar is used to make the screen
“bigger” and “smaller.”
Less pixels makes the screen
“bigger.”
More pixels makes the screen
“smaller.”
Display Properties
When Squinting Just isn’t Good Enough
“Image Resolution” – wikipedia.org
Screen Resolution is the number of pixels used to create the image
on the screen.
Pixel is short for Picture Element and is a single “dot” of an entire
image.
The more “dots” the clearer the image.
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
Windows Explorer
The Bottomless File Cabinet
Windows Explorer
A drive is a
mass storage
medium such
as a Hard
Drive or a CD.
Drives are
identified with
letters from
the alphabet.
A list of Drives on a computer.
Windows Explorer
Local Disk (C:)*
The C:\ drive is always the main storage volume on the
local computer. It is where system critical files are stored
and where programs are installed to.
Windows Explorer
CD-ROM/DVD/CD-RW
This drive allows the user to access or run a CD-ROM or
DVD disk.
Windows Explorer
(U:) Drive
The U:\ drive is the location of the logged in user’s personal
files. This location is on a remote server and the “path” is
given in the name. (Huban on BisdSAN005\elms\huban)
This drive is where to store important work-related and
instructional materials you need backed up by TIMS.
Storage Space
The most common unit of storage is a byte.
Kilobyte (KB)
1,000 - thousand
1024
Megabyte (MB)
1,000,000 - million
1,048,576
Gigabyte (GB)
1,000,000,000 - billion
1,073,741,824
Terabyte (TB)
1,000,000,000,000 – trillion 1,099,511,627,776
An average Word document is about 20-25KB a page.
It takes approximately 8,388 Word documents to fill 200 megabytes.
It would take approximately 42,949 Word documents to fill one
gigabyte.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Title Bar
Displays the name of the window that is open. It also contains three
buttons:
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Minimize Button
Reduces the window to the task bar. This can help with screen clutter
when the user has several windows open.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Maximize Button
Increases the window’s size to fill the entire screen. Useful for when a
user wants to focus there full attention on a particular window or when
a window is not displaying its full contents.
Clicking the button again will reduce the window back to a sizable
window.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Close Button
Also known as the “X” button. Closes the open window. Most often this
button is used to close, or stop, a running program. Closing a program
without first saving will result in data loss.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Toolbar
This bar contains several selections that allow the user to perform any
of a number of actions. Most programs in publication contain a toolbar
and most will have similar layouts. The three most common selections
are File, Edit, and Help.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Navigation Bar
This bar works exactly like the navigation bar on a web browser.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Navigation Buttons
The “Back” and “Forward” buttons move the window through the
Folders that have been opened. A kind of “history” of Folder browsing.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Search Button
Clicking this button will bring up the search feature that allows users to
search for files. By default it will only search the active window.
Clicking Search again closes the search feature.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Search Button
Clicking this button will bring up the search feature that allows users to
search for files. By default it will only search the active window.
Clicking Search again closes the search feature.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Views Button
This is simply a shortcut button that allows the user to change how they
wish to view the files in that window:
• Thumbnails – Tiles the icons and, if there are pictures, displays a
small sample of what the file looks like.
• Tiles – Not as big as Thumbnails and doesn’t display samples.
• Icons – Smaller than Tiles and displays no extra data about the files.
• List – Smaller than Icons and lists the files in vertical columns instead
of horizontal rows.
• Details – Same size as List but displays detailed information about the
files in one long column. Also allows for the use of the Sort Bar.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Sort Bar
The Sort Bar allows the user to sort files and folders in ascending or
descending order by one of any number of file attributes. To do this just
click on the attribute displayed in the bar.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Show in Groups
For an even cleaner look you
can turn on the “Show in
Groups” option. This will
display files in groups
according to which file
attribute you clicked in the
Sort Bar.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Folders Button
Clicking this button will open a Folder Tree.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Folder Tree
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Folder Tree
This displays a hierarchy of files and folders. Clicking the “+” next to an
icon reveals all of the folders found in, or “underneath”, that folder.
Clicking the “-” will collapse the folder back up.
To display files the user must click directly on the folder.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Up Button
This button simply moves the window to the next level of folder (called
a “parent folder”) up the folder tree.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Address Bar
This contains the full location of where the files displayed are located. It
is simply a list of folders separated by backslashes “\” where each “\” is
one step down the Folder Tree.
This list of folders is also called a path.
A user may type in a path to browse for a specific file.
Windows Explorer
Anatomy of a Window
Address Bar
Example: The “Junk” folder is located in the “HowTo” folder, which is
located in the “temp” folder, which is found on the H: drive.
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders
Files and Folders
Creating a New Folder
What is a Folder?
A Folder is a means of organizing files by creating a container
that files can be placed into. Folders can contain other
folders.
Files and Folders
Creating a New Folder
Right Click in a blank area and select the option “New”
and then “Folder.”
or
Click on the “File” menu and select the option “New” and
then “Folder.”
Type the name of the new folder. (France, Work, Not Work)
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
What is a File?
A file is something that contains specific information in a
useable format. This information can be text, like a Word
document, a picture, like a .JPEG image, or sound, like an
.mp3 song.
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
There are four parts of a file that every user should be aware of:
Date Modified
Name
Extension
Size
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
Name:
The name is the unique identifier for the file. NO two files IN THE
SAME FOLDER can have the same name.
Name
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
Extension:
The extension refers to what KIND of data the file is. (i.e. a
document vs. a picture vs. a music file)
Common extensions include:
.doc – Word document
.pdf – Adobe Reader
.xls – Excel spreadsheet
.wav – Sound file
.jpg – JPEG picture
.zip – Compressed file
.exe – Executable file
.html – Web file
Extension
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
Size:
This is the amount of space the file is using. This number is
subtracted from the total space on the DRIVE. To get this space back
the file must be deleted or moved to a different drive.
Size
Files and Folders
Anatomy of a File
Date Modified:
This is the date and time that the file was last modified. This usually
means the last time the file was saved. This is NOT the creation date
of the file.
Date Modified
Files and Folders
Selecting Files and Folders
There are several ways to select multiple files:
• Shift + “a” – Selects all files and folders
• Click and Drag – Box Method
• Shift + Arrow Keys – Selecting a Range, Slow
• Shift + Click – Selecting a Range, Fast
• Ctrl + Click – Selecting a Scattered Group
• Edit > Invert Selection – Selects everything but what was
selected
Files and Folders
Cut, Copy and Paste
There are several ways to Cut, Copy and Paste files:
• Edit Menu
• Right Click Menu
• Shortcut Keys – Cut: Ctrl + X
Copy: Ctrl + C
Paste: Ctrl + V
Files and Folders
Cut vs. Copy
Cut removes the selected files or folders from one place
and moves them to a new location. There is still only one
set of files or folders.
Copy creates a duplicate of the selected files or folders in
the new location but keeps a copy in the original location.
There are now two sets of the same files in two different
locations.
Files and Folders
The Truth about Drag ‘n Drop
You can manipulate files by clicking a dragging selected files
from one folder to another.
So does Drag ‘n Drop Cut files or Copy them?
Answer: Both
If you Drag ‘n Drop files from one folder to another and
BOTH folders are located on the same DRIVE, then the
files will be Cut and Pasted.
If you Drag ‘n Drop files from one folder to another and
one of the folders is located on a DIFFERENT DRIVE, then
the files will be Copy and Pasted.
Files and Folders
Renaming Files and Folders
There are several ways to rename files:
• Select and Click
• Right Click Menu
• File Menu
Files and Folders
Renaming Files and Folders
Things to watch for when renaming files:
• Two files with the same name CANNOT exist in the same folder.
• Pick a name that makes sense
• DON’T change the file extension.
Files and Folders
Deleting Files and Folders
There are several ways to delete files:
• File Menu
• Right Click Menu
• Delete key
• Drag ‘n Drop to the Recycle Bin
Files and Folders
Creating Shortcuts
There are several ways to create a shortcut:
• File Menu
• Right Click Menu – Create Shortcut
• Right Click Menu – Send to Desktop
Choose Your Adventure
Hardware
Input/Output Ports
Internal Hardware
External Devices
Windows
Using the Mouse
The Desktop
Display Properties
Windows Explorer
Files and Folders