LESSON 2: CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTITY OF MSW
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Transcript LESSON 2: CHARACTERISTICS AND QUANTITY OF MSW
LESSON 2: CHARACTERISTICS
AND QUANTITY
OF MSW
Goals
Determine why quantification is important
Understand the methodology used to quantify
MSW
Become aware of differences among global
production rates
Understand factors affecting waste
generation rates
Become familiar with per capita generation
rates
Goals, Cont’d
Explain why it is important to characterize
MSW.
Become familiar with MSW descriptors.
Understand the methods used to characterize
MSW
Describe the physical, chemical, and
biological properties associated with MSW.
Perform calculations using waste composition
and properties.
RCRA Subtitle D Wastes
MSW
Household
hazardous wastes
Municipal sludge
Non-hazardous
industrial wastes
Combustion ash
SQG hazardous
waste
Construction and
Demolition debris
Agricultural wastes
Oil and gas wastes
Mining wastes
MSW - RCRA Definition
Durable goods
Non-durable goods
Containers/Packaging
Food wastes
Yard wastes
Miscellaneous inorganics
MSW - Textbook Definition
Mixed household waste
recyclables
household hazardous waste
commercial waste
yard waste
litter
bulky items
construction & demolitions waste
What are the sources of RCRA
Subtitle-D Wastes?
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Industrial
Agricultural
Treatment Plants
Open Areas (streets, parks, etc.)
What is the Nature of RCRA
Subtitle-D Wastes?
Organic
Inorganic
Putrescible
Combustible
Recyclable
Hazardous
Infectious
Terminology
Generated Waste =
Disposed (Collected)
Waste + Diverted Waste
Importance of Generation
Rates
Compliance with Federal/state diversion
requirements
Equipment selection,
Collection and management decisions
Facilities design
Per Capita Generation
(lb/day)
Florida MSW Per Capita
Generation Rate
10
9
8
7
6
5
87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
Year
0
Florida Population Growth (1830 - 2020)
24
22
20
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
Population
Low Projection
Medium Projection
2020
2010
2000
1990
1980
1970
1960
1950
1940
1930
1920
1910
1900
1890
1880
1870
1860
1850
0
1840
2
1830
Millions
18
High Projection
Florida MSW Management
Tons MSW Managed (In Millions)
14
12
Landfills
10
8
Recycle
6
4
2
Incineration
0
1990
Landfill
1991
1992
1993
Recycle
1994
1995
1996
WTE
1997
1998
Factors affecting generation
Rates
Source
reduction/recycling
Geographic location
Season
Home food waste
grinders
Collection Frequency
GNP trend
Population increase
Legislation
Public attitudes
Per capita income
Size of households
Population density
Pay As You Throw
Programs
Waste Composition Studies
Methodology Development
Study Planning
Sample Plan
Sampling Procedure
Data Interpretation
Sample Plan
Load Selection
Number of Samples
Sampling Procedure
Vehicle Unloading
Sample Selection and Retrieval
Container Preparation
Sample Placement
Sorting
Waste contents are
unloaded for sorting
Appropriate mass of material is selected randomly
Each load is separated manually by
component example - Wood, concrete,
plastic, metal, etc.
Each component is weighed and
weights recorded
Components are separated
Data Interpretation
Weighted Average based on Generator
Source Composition/Distribution
Contamination Adjustment
Specific Weight
Values - 600-900 lb/yd3 as delivered
Function of location, season, storage
time, equipment used, processing
(compaction, shredding, etc.)
Moisture content (MC)
Weight or volume based
– Weight: wt. of water/sample wt.
• MCwet= water/(water+solids)
• MCdry= water/solids
– Volume: vol. of water/sample volume
Chemical Composition
Used primarily for combustion and
waste to energy (WTE) calculations but
can also be used to estimate biological
and chemical behaviors
Waste consists of combustible (i.e.
paper) and non-combustible materials
(i.e. glass)
Proximate Analysis
Loss of moisture (temp held at 105 C)
Volatile Combustible Matter (VCM)
(temp increased to 950 C, closed
crucible)
Fixed Carbon (residue from VCM)
Ash (temp = 950 C, open crucible)
Ultimate Analysis
Molecular composition (C, H, N, O, P,
etc.)
Table in notes
Typical Data on the Ultimate
Analysis - Example
Food Wastes
– Carbon: 48%
– Hydrogen: 6.5%
– Oxygen: 37.6%
– Nitrogen: 2.6%
– Sulfur: 0.4%
– Ash: 5%
Energy Content
Models are derived from physical
composition and from ultimate analysis
Determined through lab calculations
using calorimeters
Individual waste component energy
contents
Empirical Equations
Modified Dulong formula (wet basis):
BTU/lb = 145C +610(H2-02/8)+40S +
10N
Model based on proximate analysis
Kcal/kg = 45B - 6W
B = Combustible volatile matter in MSW (%)
W = Water, percent weight on dry basis