Transcript No Slide Title

Greenlight Europe
How excellent Lighting Maintenance can play
its part in helping to reduce global CO2
emissions
Consider this…..
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Lighting represents 20% Irish electricity
consumption and therefore energyefficient lighting schemes can help to
reduce costs.
In retail it can be up to 40%
When did you last look at
your lighting installation?
Some means to achieving energy
savings on your lighting
installation
•Points to consider
•The C.I.B.S.E. guidelines and how these may be applied
•Latest energy saving technologies
•Lamps
•Lighting
Controls
Why should you plan your lighting
maintenance?
Not servicing your car will save you
money in the short term. However, how
long will the car last?
FACTS
 All lamps have a finite life
 Output of lamps deteriorates from the
moment they are switched on
 Light output will also reduce through an
accumulation of dust/ dirt on lamps
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CIBSE Guidelines 1994
Maintenance of Lighting Installation
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Recommendation is that Designer should obtain decision
from the client on the maintenance policy to be
implemented throughout the life of the installation.
If this cannot be achieved, the designer must clearly state
the assumed maintenance programme used to calculate
and justify the value of initial illuminance. In turn, this will
influence the electrical load and therefore the electricity
cost. It will also influence the capital cost.
Maintenance includes replacement of failed or deteriorated
lamps and control gear, the cleaning of luminaires and
cleaning and redecoration of room surfaces at suitable
intervals.
When designing for maintained illuminance the proposed
lamp replacement procedure must be considered at the
initial design stage of the installation.
What is Maintained IIluminance?
•Maintained Illuminance - The minimum light level over the task
area immediately prior to cleaning/relamping cycles.
Maintained illuminance includes lumen maintenance factor, lamp
survival factor, luminaire maintenance factor & room surface
maintenance factor.
Lighting design illuminance should not fall below the recommended
value.
This can mean higher initial illuminance and installed loads.
To minimise the increases, maintenance procedures become a
more important element in the design process.
Design Maintenance Illuminance is the recommended Illuminance
used in the lighting Specification.It is based on the task & contrast
and the time duration at the task. Standard Maintained Illuminance
Values are provided by the CIBSE Code for Lighting 1994.
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CIBSE Lighting Guidelines 1994
Lamp Replacement
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Two factors to consider when determining the timing of lamp
replacement:
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Change in light output
Probability of lamp failure.
For majority of installations the most sensible procedure is
to replace all the lamps at planned intervalsgroup relamping.
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Group replacement has visual, electrical and financial
advantages over the alternative ‘spot’ replacement.
Visually- installation has uniform appearance.
Electrically---- reduces the risk of damage to control gear
caused by faulty operation of lamps nearing end of life.
Financially---- arrange replacement when it causes minimum
disturbance to interior, tie-in with luminaire cleaning.
THE CASE FOR
PLANNED LIGHTING MAINTENANCE
1. AVERAGE RATED LIFE
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The average rated life of a lamp is the result of a test in the
laboratory.
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Under this test, lamps are run in an environment which is:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Constant temperature
Constant voltage
Still air
Dirt free
Regular switching
Vibration free
Constant operating position
Same control gear
Under these conditions, the point in time when 50% of the lamps
have failed is deemed to be their average rated life.
Maintaining Lighting Effectiveness
UNPLANNED
PLANNED
1. Uneven light levels
2. Never Optimum light level
3. Increased control gear failure
4. Ineffective Use of Energy
5. Safety implications
6 Lamp disposal problems
7. Disruption to workplace
8. Uncontrolled costs
1. Uniform Light levels
2. Optimum light level achieved
3. Minimal lighting failures
4. Effective Use of Energy
5. Designed task levels
6. Compliant lamp disposal
7. Planned non-disruptive
8. Budgeted costs
COSTLY
COST EFFECTIVE
Bright Staff Like A Bright
workspace!
But good lighting needs good maintenance...
 Who will change the lamps?
 How do I measure this productivity?
 Who will repair or replace faulty control gear?
 Who orders the lamps?
 Who will identify if control gear is at fault?
 How long does it take us to source and order the
 Are these people qualified?
correct lamps?
 If they are not qualified, what are the Health &
 What is the cost?
Safety issues and what are the potential liabilities
 Is there an additional delivery cost?
for my business?
 What is the cost of Access to reach high fittings?
 What is their normal job?
 Where are my lamps stored - are they safe?
 If they are taken from their normal job, what is the
 Is my other stock endangered by the glass and
cost to my business?
toxic metals contained in modern lamps?
 What level of productivity can you expect from an
in-house engineer carrying out lighting repairs?
Retaining Louvre Categorisation
Dust Reflects light within
luminaire, which reduces
minimises
downward light output and
creates glare in VDU screens
classification
Before Cleaning
Clean mirrored surface reflects
maximum light downwards and
glare from luminaire in VDU screens
thereby retaining CAT 1/2
After Ultrasonic Cleaning
Focus on Environment
Management of Hazardous Waste
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EU legislation on recycling of fluorescent tubes due in
2002/3
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Mercury contained in tubes is hazardous
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Remains in the environment
Liquid and volatile at room temperature
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Long-lasting effects.
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Legislation exists in Germany, Belgium, France
Legislation will demand ecological treatment rather than
disposal.
New Technologies
Lamps
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8ft fluorescent tubes
Halophosphate
versus Triphosphate
lamps
High Frequency
control gear
Reflex lamps
MasterPAR
T5 Lamps
HID alternatives
Introduction
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Why use Lighting Controls ?
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Principal Lighting Control Techniques
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Example Systems
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Future Developments
Why Use Lighting Controls ?
Construction process
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Time is money
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Lack of skilled labour
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leads to high cost
Conventional installation
Conventional wiring
Individual ceiling rose
Labour intensive
Installation Techniques
Lighting Control Modules provide multiple socket
outlets
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ELV Switching
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Simple plug in sensors
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Modular wiring
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Factory implementation
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Benefits to the Installation Process
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Faster installation
Reduced materials
Use of unskilled labour
Controls for Comfort and Flexibility
User comfort = productivity
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Flexibility to change office layouts quickly and at
minimum cost
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Industry & Warehousing
Central Manual Control
Daylight Based Switching
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Energy Efficiency
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The largest cost of a light fitting is the energy it
consumes throughout it’s life
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Environmental issues - Greenlight Europe
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Enhanced Capital Allowances for
implementation of green technology
Dimming
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Increased control options
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Maintain comfortable environment
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Energy savings
Time Scheduling
Alone does not always produce savings
Should not be ‘imposed’ on the user
Use to enable/disable presence detectors
Typical uses: Retail, Industry, Signage
Local User Overrides
Use in combination with
other controls
Infra Red - avoid the cost
of switch drops
Presence Detection
PIR/Ultrasonic or Microwave ?
Coverage
Time-outs
Sensor responses vary wildly
Think about the user of the
space !
Daylight Linking
External control - car parks, amenity lighting
Solar threshold switching - warehouses, malls, atria
Daylight dimming - offices, retail, hospitals,
schools.
What is in it for your company?
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Saving money and improving profit
margins
Reduces environmental consequences of
your organisations activities
Creating working environments that
support staff productivity
Process and product quality improvements
Making buildings easier to operate and
maintain effectively
There is help for you to achieve real
improvements
Energy Management
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Monitor energy use- know where it goes
Implement a corporate policy
Involve & motivate all staff
Identify no-cost, low-cost ‘quick wins’
Invest in larger improvements
Effectively maintain your equipment
Future Developments
More Intelligent Sensors - combining lighting with
heating,
Integration of Building Systems
Control Bus Wars
Exploitation of the Internet/Intranet protocols,
Voice Control
Wireless/RF Communications
D.A.L.I.
DALI
Benefits
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Addressing - Simple wiring, flexible
Digital - “Switching” within ballast
reducing costs, polarity free
Industry Standard - Compatibility, Easy
Specification
Feedback - Lamp/ Ballast Status
reporting in BMS systems
DALI
Applications
Local Room Control
 Single Controller for Several Circuits,
Flexible
Intelligent Luminaires
 Reduced Switch Cost, Presets stored in
ballast
BMS
 Reduced cost controllers, Power
monitoring, lamp failure feedback,
emergency options