Transcript No Slide Title

Rigging Presentation
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Wire Rope
Nomenclature
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A wire rope is a Machine
with many moving parts
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The Core
Fiber
IWRC
Strand
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How to describe any wire rope
A typical wire rope may be
designated 6X25 FW PRF RLL
XIP IWRC. This translates to:
A 6 strand (6X25) of filler wire
construction (FW). The grade of
wire used is Extra Improved Plow
Steel (XIP). The strands are
preformed (PRF) in helical pattern
before being laid Right lang (RLL)
around an Independent Wire Rope
Core (IWRC).
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6X19 IWRC (Internal Wirerope Core)
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Paint To Paint = 1 Lay
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How a Wire Rope “Machine” Works
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Equalizes Unequal Forces on The Rope as it
Goes Over the Sheaves
Right
Lay
Regular
Lay
Left
Lay
Regular
Lay
Right
Lay
Lang
Lay
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LUBRICATION
Ropes and chains shall be regularly lubricated
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BLOCK & TACKLE
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Slings
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Slings
Choker
Basket
Straight
Bridle
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Straight Sling
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Choker Sling
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Basket Sling
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Bridle Sling
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Two legged Bridle Sling
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Four legged Bridle Sling
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Four legged Bridle Sling
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SPLICES
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Mechanical Splice
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Hand Tucked Eye Splice
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Hand Tucked Eye Splice
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Mechanical Splice
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ROPE INSPECTIONS
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Always measure the diameter of any rope
at its widest point - by turning the caliper on the rope
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What’s wrong with this?
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Broken Wires
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How many broken wires?
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Crushed
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Close-up view
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Kinking
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Bird Caging
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Slings and
Attachments
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OSHA STANDARDS
29 CFR 1926 CONSTRUCTION
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1926.251(a)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (a) General. (1) Inspection of rigging equipment
• (2) Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its
recommended safe working load
• (3) Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed
• (4) Marking of special custom design grabs, hooks,
clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as
modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar
materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working
loads and shall be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent
of their rated load.
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1926.251(a)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (5) "Scope."
– Applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling
equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in
employment's covered by this part.
– Types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire
rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional
three strand construction), and synthetic web (nylon, polyester, and
polypropylene).
• (6) "Inspections."
– Each day before being used,
– Additional inspections where service conditions warrant.
– Damaged or defective slings shall be immediately removed from
service.
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1926.251(b) Alloy steel chains.
(1) Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed
durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling
manufacturer.
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1926.251(b) Alloy steel chains.
(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical
coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains,
shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.
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• 1926.251(b) Alloy steel chains.
– (b)(3) Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from
bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, shall not be used.
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Alloy Steel Chain
(b)(4) Rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel
chain slings shall conform to the values shown in Table H-1.
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Cracked,Pitted &
Non-alloy Repair Link
(b)(5) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that
shown in Table H-2, the assembly shall be removed from service.
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Legal Repair Link
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Illegal Repair Link
Doesn’t have design load Strength - Malleability
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Sling shackle
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1926.251(b)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (b)(6) "Inspections."
– (i) In addition to the inspection required by other paragraphs of this
section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in
use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis
of
•
•
•
•
(A) frequency of sling use;
(B) severity of service conditions;
(C) nature of lifts being made; and
(D) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar
circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals
greater than once every 12 months.
• (b)(6)(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record
of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain
sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such
record available for examination.
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1926.251(c)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (c) Wire rope.
– Use tables H-3 - H-4 Rated Capacities For Single Leg Slings - to determine the safe
working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope
and wire rope slings with various types of
terminals.
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1926.251(c)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (c)(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall
be covered or blunted.
• (c)(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back
lines on scrapers.
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1926.251(c)
Rigging equipment for material handling
•
•
•
(c)(4) The following limitations shall
apply to the use of wire rope:
– (i) Eye splice
– (ii)Eye splices in the ends of wires
and for endless rope slings
continuous piece without knot or
splice.
– (iii) Eyes in wire rope slings
– (iv) When wire rope shows signs
of excessive wear, corrosion, or
defect.
(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are
used to form eyes,
– (i) When used for eye splices, the
U-bolt shall be applied so that
the "U" section is in contact
with the dead end of the rope.
(c)(6) Slings shall not be shortened
with knots or bolts or other makeshift
devices.
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Internal Color Code String
To ID. MFG.
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Wire Rope Clips
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Sand cast clip
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Fist Grip
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Double Saddle Wire Rope Clip
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (e) Synthetic webbing
(nylon, polyester, and
polypropylene).
• (1) The employer shall have
each synthetic web sling
marked or coded to show:
– (i) Name or trademark of
manufacturer.
– (ii) Rated capacities for the
type of hitch.
– (iii) Type of material.
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (2) Rated capacity shall not be
exceeded.
• (3) "Webbing." Synthetic
webbing shall be of uniform
thickness and width and selvage
edges shall not be split from the
webbing's width.
• (4) "Fittings." Fittings shall be:
– (i) Of a minimum breaking
strength equal to that of the
sling; and
– (ii) Free of all sharp edges that
could in any way damage the
webbing.
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (5) "Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes.”
Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to
webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and
contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking
strength of the sling.
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (6) "Environmental conditions." When synthetic web slings are
used, the following precautions shall be taken:
– (i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays,
mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present.
– (ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where
fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
– (iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes,
vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (7) "Safe operating temperatures." Synthetic web slings of polyester
and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 deg. F
(82.2 deg. C). Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at
temperatures in excess of 200 deg. F (93.33 deg. C).
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1926.251(e)
Rigging equipment for material handling
• (8) "Removal from service." Synthetic web slings shall be
immediately removed from service if any of the following
conditions are present:
–
–
–
–
–
(i) Acid or caustic burns;
(ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface;
(iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts;
(iv) Broken or worn stitches; or
(v) Distortion of fittings.
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All rigging equipment must be inspected
on a regular basis
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Check handle of
metal mesh sling
for rated load
capacity
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Most damage is easy to see
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Heat Damage
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Do Not use for lifting
Doesn’t have design
load
Strength Malleability
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Melted Link
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Deformed hook
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Positive Latching Hook Per 550 (G)
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Wedge Socket
(Terminator)
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Web connector with spool
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