Transcript BELLWORK—February 21st

BELLWORK—February
st
21
List 2 inventions in the 1800’s that we
discussed yesterday
North and South
Industry in the North—New Inventions
• The 1800s brought a flood of new inventions in the
North.
• IN 1846, Elias Howe patented a sewing machine that
could make dozens of shirts in the time it took a tailor
to sew one by hand.
• In 1825 Jethro Wood began to manufacture an iron
plow with replaceable parts.
• John Deere improved on Jethro’s idea and invented a
light weight steel plow.
• In 1847, Cyrus McCormick opened a factory in Chicago
that produced a horse drawn machine that mowed
wheat and other grains.
North and South
Industry in the North—New Inventions
• Samuel F. B. Morse received a patent for a
“talking wire,” or telegraph in 1844.
– Used Morse code, a system of dots and dashes.
– Instant success
– News could travel long distances in a matter of
minutes.
– Helped many merchants and businesses grow.
North and South
Industry in the North—First Railroads
• Railroads had been used for transportation to canals.
• In time, however the railroad became a normal means
of transportation for everybody.
• The first railroads were cars pulled by horses and mules
on rails covered with strips of iron.
• In 1829, and English family developed a steampowered locomotive engine to pull rails cars.
• The engine called the Rocket, moved along at 30 miles
per hour.
• By the 1850s railroads crisscrossed the nation.
North and South
Industry in the North—New Inventions
• The 1800s brought a flood of new _______ in the
North.
• IN 1846, Elias Howe patented a sewing machine that
could make________of shirts in the time it took a
tailor to sew one by hand.
• In 1825 Jethro Wood began to manufacture an iron
plow with replaceable ________.
• John________improved on Jethro’s idea and invented
a light weight steel plow.
• In 1847, Cyrus McCormick opened a factory in Chicago
that produced a ______ drawn machine that mowed
wheat and other grains.
North and South
Industry in the North—New Inventions
• Samuel F. B. Morse received a patent for a
“talking wire,” or________in 1844.
– Used _______ code, a system of dots and dashes.
– Instant success
– News could travel long distances in a matter of
___________.
– Helped many merchants and businesses _______.
North and South
Industry in the North—First Railroads
• Railroads had been used for transportation to
________.
• In time, however the ________ became a normal
means of transportation for everybody.
• The first railroads were_______pulled by horses and
mules on rails covered with strips of iron.
• In 1829, and English family developed a steampowered locomotive ________ to pull rails cars.
• The engine called the ________, moved along at 30
miles per hour.
• By the 1850s railroads crisscrossed the nation.
North and South
Life in the North—Factory Conditions
Become Worse
• The factories of the 1840’s and 1850’s were much
different than the ones in the early 1800’s.
• Factories:
• Larger, steam powered; more dangerous.
• Workers worked longer hours and for lower wages.
• Workers lived in dark dingy houses in the shadow of
the factories.
• No heaters in winter/no air in summers.
North and South
Life in the North—Factory Conditions
Become Worse
• As the need for workers increased, entire
families labored in factories.
• The factory work day began when the whistle
sounded at 4 a.m.—the entire family—father
mother, and children---headed off to work.
• The workday did not end until 7:30 p.m.
• Factory machines had no safety devices and
accidents were common.
North and South
Life in the North—Workers Join Together
• Workers formed “Trade Unions”—they
organized and demanded shorter working
hours and higher wages and better working
conditions.
• Workers would go on “strike” (refusing to
work) until their demands are met.
• Sometimes they were successful, and at other
times they were fired.
North and South
Life in the North—Factory Conditions
Become Worse
• The _______ of the 1840’s and 1850’s were much
different than the ones in the early 1800’s.
• Factories:
• Larger, steam powered; more ___________.
• Workers worked longer ________ and for lower
wages.
• Workers lived in ________dingy houses in the shadow
of the factories.
• No heaters in winter/no air in summers.
North and South
Life in the North—Factory Conditions
Become Worse
• As the need for workers increased, entire
__________ labored in factories.
• The factory work day began when the whistle
sounded at _____ a.m.—the entire family—
father mother, and children---headed off to
work.
• The workday did not end until ______ p.m.
• Factory machines had no _______ devices and
accidents were common.
North and South
Life in the North—Workers Join Together
• Workers formed “Trade _______”—they
organized and demanded shorter working
hours and higher wages and better working
conditions.
• Workers would go on “______” (refusing to
work) until their demands are met.
• Sometimes they were successful, and at other
times they were ________.
BELLWORK—February 25th
Write two sentences describing how
working conditions in the middle
1800’s worsened for workers
North and South
African Americans in the North
• By the early 1800s, northern states had
outlawed slavery.
• Thousands of free African Americans lived in
the north.
• BUT free African Americans did face
discrimination = a policy or an attitude that
denies equal rights to certain groups of people.
– Denied: voting, jury, army, the school, and church.
North and South
African Americans in the North
Some Success
• In spite of these hardships, some African Americans
achieved success in business.
• William Whipper grew wealthy as the owner of a
lumber yard in Pennsylvania.
• Henry Bond operated a profitable furniture
company in Cincinnati.
• Henry Blair invented a corn planter and a
cottonseed planter.
• In 1845 Macon Allen became the first African
American licensed to practice law in the U.S.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
The Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
• Textile mills in the North and in Britain needed
more and more cotton to make cloth.
• Southern planters were the main source of cotton
for the north and Britain, and they were struggling
to keep a continued supply as it was needed.
• Planters needed a better way to clean the cotton
free of seeds, ready to sell.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
Eli Whitney’s Invention
• Whitney, a young Connecticut school teacher, was
traveling to Georgia in 1793.
• He was going to be a tutor on a plantation that
grew cotton.
• Eli Whitney learned of the planters’ problem and
decided to build a machine to clean cotton.
• In only 10 days he came up with a model of an
engine (gin) that had two rollers with thin wire
teeth that separated the seed from the cotton
fibers.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
Eli Whitney’s Invention
• A single worker using a gin could do the work of 50
people cleaning cotton by hand.
• Planters could now grow cotton at a huge profit.
• The cotton gin lead to a boom or “swift growth” in
cotton production.
North and South
African Americans in the North
• By the early 1800s, northern states had
_______ slavery.
• Thousands of free African Americans lived in
the _________.
• BUT free African Americans did face _________
= a policy or an attitude that denies equal rights
to certain groups of people.
– Denied: voting, jury, army, the school, and church.
North and South
African Americans in the North
Some Success
• In spite of these hardships, some African Americans
achieved ________ in business.
• William Whipper grew wealthy as the owner of a
lumber yard in Pennsylvania.
• Henry Bond operated a profitable_______company
in Cincinnati.
• Henry Blair invented a ______ planter and a
cottonseed planter.
• In 1845 Macon Allen became the first African
American licensed to practice _____ in the U.S.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
The Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom
• Textile mills in the North and in Britain needed
more and more cotton to make ______.
• ________ planters were the main source of cotton
for the north and Britain, and they were struggling
to keep a continued supply as it was needed.
• Planters needed a better way to ______ the cotton
free of seeds, ready to sell.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
Eli Whitney’s Invention
• Whitney, a young Connecticut school teacher, was
traveling to _______in 1793.
• He was going to be a _______on a plantation that
grew cotton.
• Eli Whitney learned of the planters’ problem and
decided to build a _______to clean cotton.
• In only 10 days he came up with a model of an
__________ (gin) that had two rollers with thin wire
teeth that separated the seed from the cotton
fibers.
North and South
The Cotton Kingdom in the South
Eli Whitney’s Invention
• A single worker using a gin could do the work of
_________ people cleaning cotton by hand.
• Planters could now grow cotton at a huge _______.
• The cotton gin lead to a _______ or “swift growth”
in cotton production.