Academic Integrity: Some Ethical Issues
Download
Report
Transcript Academic Integrity: Some Ethical Issues
Academic Integrity:
Some Ethical Issues
Academic Integrity Workshop
University of San Diego
January 26, 2005
Lawrence M. Hinman, Ph.D.
University of San Diego
7/18/2015
Director, The Values Institute
©Lawrence M. Hinman
1
Overview
Introduction
What’s Wrong with Cheating?
Three P’s of Academic Integrity
A Culture of Integrity
Expanding the Horizons
Web resources
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
2
Introduction
My own involvement in:
– The Fundamental Values project
– Web-based plagiarism
Fundamental conviction: If students
don’t learn integrity now, there’s no
hope that they will learn it later—and
the consequences are Enron,
WorldCom, political
misrepresentation, etc.
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
3
What’s Wrong with Cheating
Five approaches:
A Kantian analysis: not playing by the
rules
A Consequentialist analysis: cheating
hurts other people
A Virtues analysis: cheating as a violation
of personal integrity
Feminist ethics: cheating as a violation of
relationships
Multicultural ethics: cheating and cultural
values
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
4
A Kantian Analysis
Cheating is not
playing by the
rules
Understand
cheating as a
form of
deception
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
5
A Consequentialist Analysis
Cheating is wrong
because it hurts other
people (Bernie Gert)
Myth: cheaters only
cheat themselves
Reality: cheaters often
get
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
6
A Virtues Approach
Virtues necessary
for flourishing
Cheating is a
weakness of
character
Deception cuts us
off from others
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
7
Feminist Perspectives
No single feminist
perspective, but certain
distinctive themes
Cheating is a disruption
of a relationship:
– Between teacher and
student
– Among students
– Between students and
parents
The challenge: restoring
the relationship
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
8
Multicultural Perspectives
Conflicting values:
honesty, loyalty, duty
to parents
What counts as
cheating in the U.S.
might not be perceived
in the same way in
home country
– Compare bribery
U.S. viewed as
dominating country
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
9
Three P’s of Academic Integrity
The three P’s:
Prevention
Policing
Punishment
Depends on point of intervention in the
process:
Before
7/18/2015
During
©Lawrence M. Hinman
After
10
Prevention
Better teaching
Cheating often arises in a vacuum
Good teaching reduces the likelihood
of those vacuums
Better exams and assignments
Individualized paper topics
Rough drafts, outlines, oral
presentations of papers
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
11
Policing
Proctoring exams
TurnItIn.com
– Often effective
– Similar to urine testing for athletes
– High cost, and the costs don’t
contribute to better teaching
– Surveillance society
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
12
Punishment
The challenge is to find ways of making
punishment something that will help the
offender.
Often, for the professor, the challenge is
finding a way of staying connected with
the student while still imposing
punishment or reporting the offense.
Importance of reconciliation
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
13
A Culture of Integrity
If we fail to establish an environment of
integrity, it becomes reasonable for
students to cheat.
We want to avoid a situation in which
honest students are disadvantaged by
their honesty and dishonest students get
ahead.
Fundamental values: honesty, trust,
respect, fairness, and responsibility,
Direct link between academic integrity and
honesty in business and politics, where
often lack of integrity seems the norm.
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
14
Expanding the Definition of
Academic Integrity
All-too-easy to cast stones. We should look at ourselves, not
just our students. Additional areas of concern:
Faculty model integrity for students
Fair grading and letters of recommendation
Treating students with respect
Establishing a climate of trust
Faculty violations of trust relationship with students
Responsible for excellence in course content
Faculty evaluations of each other for RRT
Academic misconduct by faculty
Downloading music on school networks
Favored treatment of athletes
Academic integrity in distance education
School administrators and teachers cheating to raise
student scores in K-12
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
15
Web Resources
This presentation:
http://ethics.sandiego.edu/presentati
ons/USD/AcademicIntegrity2005/
Ethics Updates resources:
http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Resources
/AcademicIntegrity/Index.html
7/18/2015
©Lawrence M. Hinman
16