Transcript What is Cataloging - Murray State University

LIB 630 Classification and Cataloging
Spring 2009
What is
Cataloging
The Big Question
Do we need to be
FRBRizing, or what?
What is Cataloging?
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• cataloging
– The process of creating entries for a catalog. In
libraries, this usually includes bibliographic
description, subject analysis, assignment of
classification notation, and activities involved
in physically preparing the item for the shelf,
tasks usually performed under the supervision
of a librarian trained as a cataloger. British
spelling is cataloguing. See also: cataloging
agency, cataloging-in-publication, centralized
cataloging, cooperative cataloging, copy
cataloging, descriptive cataloging, encoding
level, and recataloging.
• Online Dictionary of Library and Information
Science, ODLIS
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What
is cataloging?
2 kinds of cataloging
• Original cataloging
• Copy cataloging
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is cataloging?
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What is original cataloging?
• original cataloging
– Preparation of a bibliographic record
from scratch, without the aid of a preexisting catalog record for the same
edition, more time-consuming for the
cataloger than copy cataloging.
– i.e.: Do-it-yourself cataloging!
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What
is cataloging?
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Copy cataloging?
• copy cataloging
– Adaptation of a pre-existing
bibliographic record (usually found in
OCLC, RLIN, NUC, or some other
bibliographic database) to fit the
characteristics of the item in hand, with
modifications to correct obvious errors
and minor adjustments to reflect locally
accepted cataloging practice, as distinct
from original cataloging (creating a
completely new record from scratch).
– i.e. Copy from others cataloging!
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But what are we actually doing when
we catalog a book or whatever?
• We’re entering information about
the book into the library’s catalog,
so that when patrons are searching,
they can find what they’re looking
for, or, at least, something that will
help them find an answer to their
question.
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What
is cataloging?
What is a card catalog?
• card catalog
– A list of the holdings of a library, printed, typed,
or handwritten on catalog cards, each
representing a single bibliographic item in the
collection. Catalog cards are normally filed in a
single alphabetical sequence (dictionary catalog),
or in separate sections by author, title, and
subject (divided catalog), in the long narrow
drawers of a specially designed filing cabinet,
usually constructed of wood (click here to see an
example). Most large- and medium-sized libraries
in the United States have converted their card
catalogs to machine-readable format. Also spelled
card catalogue. Compare with online catalog.
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Online catalog?
• online catalog
– A library catalog consisting of a collection of
bibliographic records in machine-readable
format, maintained on a dedicated computer that
provides uninterrupted interactive access via
terminals or workstations in direct, continuous
communication with the central computer.
Although the software used in online catalogs is
proprietary and not standardized, most online
catalogs are searchable by author, title, subject
heading, and keywords, and most public and
academic libraries in the United States provide
free public access, usually through a Web-based
graphical user interface. Click here to log on to
the online catalog of the Library of Congress in
Washington, D.C. Synonymous with OPAC.
– OPAC=online public access catalog
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What
is cataloging?
Why make this distinction?
• There are those who call an online
catalog the “online card catalog” or
something similar.
• There are no cards on the computer,
so that calling the online computer
the “card” catalog is a misnomer
• “Card” refers only to the medium the
catalog appears on
– PLEASE DON’T DO IT!
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Elements of cataloging
•
From ODLIS definition:
1.
bibliographic description
2.
subject analysis
3.
assignment of classification notation (which
is essentially what classification is)
4.
activities involved in physically preparing
the item for the shelf
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What information do you put into
the catalog, then?
• Basic bibliographic information (AKA
bibliographic description):
– Author, title, publisher, date
– Edition
• Basic physical information (AKA physical
description):
– Size, no. of pages, whether illustrated, if it
has a bibliography and/or index
– Format (book, recording, electronic, etc.)
• Subject information (AKA subject
analysis)
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What is bibliographic
description?
• The official international definition:
– “. . . lists all the elements which are
required to describe and identify all
types of material which are likely to
appear in library collections, . . .”
• ISBD(G): General International Standard
Bibliographic Description 1992
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg0.htm
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Wait, there’s more, though!
• International Standard Bibliographic
Description
– “. . . assigns an order to the elements of
description, and specifies a system of
punctuation for the description.”
• ISBD(G): General International Standard
Bibliographic Description 1992
http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg0.htm
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What is the prescribed order?
– Area 1: title and statement of responsibility (for
example: author, editor, artist).
– Area 2: edition.
– Area 3: material-dependent information (for
example, the scale of a map or the duration of a
sound recording).
– Area 4: publication and distribution.
– Area 5: physical description (for example: size
and number of pages in a book or number of
CDs in the same jewel case).
– Area 6: series.
– Area 7: notes.
– Area 8: standard number (ISBN, ISSN).
• International Standard Bibliographic Description
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Bibliogr
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aphic_Description
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What is the punctuation?
Spaces before and after the special
punctuation (shown in red)!
GMD=General material
designation. New rules: [ ] not ( )
Slide from presentation Introduction to Description: History of
Cataloging Codes
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An Example
Author
Edition
Author
Title
Notice the spaces!
Slide from presentation Introduction to Description: History of
Cataloging Codes
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What
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What do the punctuation symbols
mean?
[. . .] usually means that what’s included within
the [ ] is General Material Designation, i.e.
physical or electronic or other format
: usually means that what comes first is the
main title and what comes after is the
subtitle (if there are spaces before and after)
OR what comes first is the place of
publication and what comes after is the
publisher
/ means that what follows is the “statement of
responsibility”, i.e. author, editor, etc
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What’s the advantage of having
everything so standardized?
• You can recognize and read a
bibliographic record, no matter what
language or script it’s written in
• You can tell what’s being described,
no matter what kind of material it is
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An example in English
Statement of
responsibility
Main title
Edition
and
edition
responsibility
Subtitle
GMD—format
realia=real-life
object
Publication
info
Physical
description
Series info
Slide 14 from CATALOGING: Ticket to the Past, the Present,
and the Future © 2000 Arlene G. Taylor
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An example in German
Title
GMD=General Material Designation
(in this case: electronic resource)
Subtitle
Statement of responsibility
Publication area
Series information
Standard Number
Physical Description
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An example in Bulgarian
Author
Title
Subtitle (or
GMD?)
Statement of
responsibility
Edition area
Publication
area
Physical
description
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What
is cataloging?
ISBD in an online catalog
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/ shows statement of responsibility, i.e. author, follows
General
Material
Designation
Spaces before
and after
punctuation
to separate
sections
What does AACR2 have to do with
this?
• Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
(AACR)
– A detailed set of standardized rules for
cataloging various types of library
materials . . . which is divided into two
parts: rules for creating the
bibliographic description of an item of
any type, and rules governing the
choice and form of entry of headings
(access points) in the catalog.
Click here to read a brief history of
AACR2, courtesy of the JSC.
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Do we need to learn all these rules?
• If you plan on specializing as a
cataloger, especially in a large
research library, where you will be
doing a lot of original cataloging,
then you will need to learn the rules.
• As an LMS, most of your cataloging
will be copy cataloging, so that a
general awareness of the rules will be
all you need—plus knowing where to
look them up!
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Will there be an AACR3?
• Yes and no—FRBR is coming!
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What is FRBR?
This comes
from the
Powerpoint
presentation
below:
• Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records
• Either F-R-B-R or “Ferber”
• A report in 7 languages (soon to
add simplified and traditional
Chinese)
• A “conceptual model”
– entities
– attributes
– Relationships
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Goal of cataloging
• Cutter (19th century
• FRBR
• To enable a
person to:
– Find
– Identify
– Select
– Obtain
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cataloging
pioneer)
• To enable a person to find a book of which either
– the author
– the title
– the subject
...is known
• To show what the library has
– by a given author
– on a given subject
– in a given kind of literature
• To assist in the choice of a book
– as to its edition (bibliographically)
– as to its character (literary or topical)
Adapted from FRBR; or, How I learned to stop
worrying and love the model
Do we need FRBR?
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And then there’s RDA
• . . . maybe!
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Probably! What is RDA?
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• RDA: Resource Description and
Access
– the new standard for resource
description and access designed for the
digital world. Built on the foundations
established by AACR2, RDA provides
a comprehensive set of guidelines and
instructions on resource description
and access covering all types of content
and media.
• http://www.rdaonline.org/
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What
is cataloging?