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Bridging the divide between science and politics David Dickson, Director, SciDev.Net Annual Meeting of the African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI) Royal Society, London, 5 November 2008 Science Politics Knowledge-driven Objective Long-term goals Context independent Meritocratic Policy/power-driven Personal/Ideological Short-term goals Context dependent Autocratic/democratic www.scidev.net Overview of respondents Number % of total Researchers 288 46.7% Intermediaries 214 34.7% Policy-makers 113 18.3% Total sample size: 617. www.scidev.net Theme 1 Evidence-based policy-making is poorly institutionalised in developing country contexts www.scidev.net Fig. 1. Satisfaction with degree to which policy is based on ST&I evidence (all respondents) Obstacles to uptake of scientific information in development policy-making Scientific understanding by policymakers is low 64% Limited openness by politicians 61% Lack of dissemination of research findings 59% Lack of incentives 56% Lack of institutional channels for incorporation 44% www.scidev.net Implications • Lack of formal mechanisms for integrating scientific knowledge into policy. • Policy priorities often drive the use of research, rather than research stimulating policy recommendations. www.scidev.net Theme 2 Audience-appropriate information targeting is imperative www.scidev.net Implication • ST&I information must be targeted to the needs of actors in the policy process • Mst also target the stage in the policy process at which actors use such information. www.scidev.net Theme 3 Intermediary organisations are needed as knowledge brokers for researcher and policy-making communities www.scidev.net Most Important Roles for Intermediary Organisation 80% 70% 65% 60% 67% 65% 58% 50% 50% 56% 52% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Identifying Networking Disseminating Building important between information capacity actors in the scientists and among policy process of policy makers makers to use policy making scientific research Representing Advocating for Mediating the views of specific use of between the policy makers scientific goals of and scientists knowledge in researchers policy and policy makers Developed Countries Fig. 14 Potential knowledge services that could be provided by a web-based intermediary organisation Developing Countries 28% Interactive web-based discussion forums 54% 66% E-mail updates on areas of interest 73% 72% Review of policy instruments which have been used by other countries 75% 79% Policy briefs from authoritative sources 80% 72% Opinion articles written by experts on topics relevant to policy issues 87% News items about approaches taken by other countries regarding their use of ST&I to tackle development problems 77% 81% News items on relevant policy initiatives and proposals 81% 76% 75% News items on relevant ST&I developments 78% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Percentage of Respondents 100% Theme 4 Interaction and deliberation, rather than just research dissemination, is needed to bridge the ST&I researcher/policy-maker gap www.scidev.net Fig. 10 Types of information found useful by policymakers in development policy decision-making Theme 5 Policy-engaged scientists are critically important www.scidev.net Global South Global North 49% 50% 40% 30% 20% 17% 14% 13% 10% 0% Scientists should provide Scientists should provide research findings only opinions and advocate policy positions in addition to research findsings Fig. 3 Scientists as neutral information providers or also engaging in policy debates Implications • Strong desire from Southern policy-makers for scientific findings to be complemented by policyrelevant recommendations. • Policy-makers and development practitioners would make greater use of scientific research findings if scientists engaged more openly with the policy implications, and present policy options. www.scidev.net Dangers! • Politicisation of science. • Scientisation of politics. www.scidev.net Theme 6 Improving public understanding of ST&I will facilitate better policy dialogues [and help avoid previous two dangers] www.scidev.net Fig. 11 Extent to which respondents believed that increased participation from a scientifically informed public will lead to improved development Implications • Strong interest by both policy-makers and researchers in greater public participation in ST&I-related policy debates • This requires initiatives to improve public understanding of ST&I to promote a more informed and engaged public. www.scidev.net In brief: Policymakers at all levels need accurate, timely, concise and reliable information about potential role of science and technology in meeting development objectives. www.scidev.net In addition: Public understanding of, and engagement in, S&T ensures open and democratic debate about the promises they offer – as well as their transparent governance of their potentially negative consequences. www.scidev.net Promise of the world wide web: Eliminating transaction of costs of sharing information opens up new opportunities for effective science communication. www.scidev.net What we are and what we do www.scidev.net Our role: To act as a basic resource for policymakers and stakeholders concerned with science and development issues. To achieve this by providing a combination of topical and background information that is both authoritative and accessible www.scidev.net Our activities: 1. Operating a free-access website (www.scidev.net) containing news, views and analysis about science and technology in the developing world. 2. Organising regional workshops and other activities – including internships – to enhance the capacity of science journalists and others (including researchers) to provide reliable and authoritative information on such issues www.scidev.net Our website contains • News • Feature articles • Opinion articles • Weekly editorial • Dossiers (including commissioned policy briefs) • Notices (including lists of meetings, grants and jobs) • Links (e.g. to scientific organisations and journals) • Feedback from users www.scidev.net Capacity-building workshops These are intended to help build capacity in developing countries to report accurately on science and technology and their contributions to development. Operating data • • • • • Full operation since 2001 36,000 registered users (8,000 in sub-Saharan Africa) >2/3 (69% in developing countries) 28,000 visitors per week > 100 freelance contributors around the developing world www.scidev.net SciDev.Net is supported by the journals: Academy of Sciences of the Developing World www.scidev.net SciDev.Net is currently funded by: • UK Department for International Development (DFID) • Swedish International Development Agency (Sida/SAREC) • International Development Research Centre (IDRC) • Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs (DGIS) • Swiss Development Agency (SDC) www.scidev.net For more information, and to register to receive free weekly email alert, visit us at: www.scidev.net For information about workshops and other activities, contact me at: [email protected] Thank you! London, 5 November 2008 www.scidev.net